Components of the missile projectile hurricane. Multiple launch rocket system "Hurricane. Armament of the Uragan missile system

In connection with the incessant clashes in different countries the world TV screens constantly broadcast news reports from this or that hot spot. And very often there are alarming messages about hostilities, during which various jet systems are actively involved salvo fire (MLRS). It is difficult for a person who is in no way connected with the army or the military to navigate in a wide variety of all kinds of military equipment, therefore in this article we will tell in detail to a simple layman about such death machines as:

• The heavy tank-based flamethrower system (TOS) is the Buratino multiple launch rocket system (not often used, but a very effective weapon).
• Multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) "Grad" - widely used
• The modernized and improved "sister" of the MLRS "Grad" - reactive (which the media and ordinary people often call "Typhoon" because of the chassis used in the combat vehicle from the "Typhoon" truck).
• Multiple launch rocket system - powerful weapon with a large radius of action, used to destroy almost any target.
• Unparalleled in the whole world, unique, awe-inspiring and used for total annihilation multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) "Smerch".

"Buratino" from an unkind fairy tale

In a relatively distant 1971, in the USSR, engineers from the "Design Bureau of Transport Engineering", located in Omsk, presented another masterpiece of military power. It was the Buratino (TOSZO) heavy multiple launch rocket system. The creation and subsequent improvement of this flamethrower complex was kept under the heading "top secret". The development lasted 9 years, and in 1980 the combat complex, which is a kind of tandem of the T-72 tank and a launcher with 24 guides, was finally approved and delivered to the Armed Forces. Soviet army.

"Buratino": application

TOSZO "Buratino" is used for arson and significant damage:

• enemy vehicles (except for armored vehicles);
• multi-storey buildings and other construction projects;
• various protective structures;
• manpower.

MLRS (TOS) "Buratino": description

As a multiple launch rocket system "Grad" and "Uragan", TOSZO "Buratino" was first used in the Afghan and in the second Chechen wars. According to 2014 data, the military forces of Russia, Iraq, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have such combat vehicles.

The Buratino multiple launch rocket system has the following characteristics:

• The weight of the TOC with a full combat kit is about 46 tons.
• The length of "Buratino" is 6.86 meters, width - 3.46 meters, height - 2.6 meters.
• The caliber of the shells is 220 millimeters (22 cm).
• Uncontrolled rockets are used for firing, which cannot be controlled after they are fired.
• The longest shooting distance is 13.6 kilometers.
• The maximum affected area after firing one volley is 4 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides is 24 pieces.
• The aiming of the salvo is carried out directly from the cockpit using a special fire control system, which consists of a sight, a roll sensor and a ballistic computer.
• The shells for completing the ROSZO after the volleys carried out are carried out by means of a transport-loading (TZM) machine of model 9T234-2, with a crane and a charging device.
• "Buratino" is controlled by 3 people.

As can be seen from the characteristics, just one salvo of "Buratino" is able to turn 4 hectares into a blazing hell. Impressive power, isn't it?

Precipitation in the form of "Hail"

In 1960, the USSR monopoly for the production of multiple launch rocket systems and other weapons mass destruction NPO Splav launched another secret project and began to develop an entirely new MLRS at that time called Grad. The adjustments lasted 3 years, and the MLRS entered the ranks of the Soviet Army in 1963, but its improvement did not stop there, it continued until 1988.

"Grad": application

Like the Uragan MLRS, the Grad multiple launch rocket system showed such good results in combat that, despite its "advanced age", it continues to be widely used to this day. "Grad" is used to deliver a very impressive blow to:

• artillery batteries;
• any military equipment, including armored;
• manpower;
• command posts;
• military industrial facilities;
• anti-aircraft complexes.

Besides the sun Russian Federation, the Grad multiple launch rocket system is in service with almost all countries of the world, including almost all continents the globe... The largest number of combat vehicles of this type is located in the USA, Hungary, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Germany, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Iran, Cuba, Yemen. Ukraine's multiple launch rocket systems also contain 90 Grada units.

MLRS "Grad": description

The Grad multiple launch rocket system has the following characteristics:

• The total weight of the Grad MLRS, ready for battle and equipped with all the shells, is 13.7 tons.
• The length of the MLRS is 7.35 meters, the width is 2.4 meters, and the height is 3.09 meters.
• The caliber of the shells is 122 mm (just over 12 cm).
• For firing, basic missiles with a caliber of 122 mm are used, as well as high explosive fragmentation projectiles, chemical, incendiary and smoke warheads.
• from 4 to 42 kilometers.
• The maximum affected area after firing one volley is 14.5 hectares.
• One volley is carried out in just 20 seconds.
• Full reloading of the Grad MLRS takes about 7 minutes.
• The reactive system is brought into a combat position in no more than 3.5 minutes.
• Reloading MLRS is possible only with the use of a transport-charging vehicle.
• The sight is realized using a gun panorama.
• The "Grad" is run by 3 people.

"Grad" is a multiple launch rocket system, the characteristics of which still receive the highest marks from the military. Throughout its existence, it has been used in the Afghan war, in the clashes between Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, in both Chechen wars, during the period of hostilities in Libya, South Ossetia and Syria, as well as in the civil war in Donbass (Ukraine), which broke out in 2014.

Attention! "Tornado" is approaching

"Tornado-G" (as mentioned above, this MLRS is sometimes mistakenly called "Typhoon", therefore, for convenience, both names are given here) is a multiple launch rocket system, which is a modernized version of the "Grad" MLRS. The design engineers of the Splav plant worked on the creation of this powerful hybrid. Development began in 1990 and lasted 8 years. For the first time, the capabilities and power of the reactive system were demonstrated in 1998 at a training ground near Orenburg, after which it was decided to further improve this MLRS. To get the final result, the developers over the next 5 years improved the "Tornado-G" ("Typhoon"). The multiple launch rocket system was put into service with the Russian Federation in 2013. On this moment time this fighting machine is only in service with the Russian Federation. "Tornado-G" ("Typhoon") is a multiple launch rocket system, which has no analogues anywhere.

"Tornado": application

MLRS is used in combat to destroy targets such as:

• artillery;
• all types of enemy equipment;
• military and industrial buildings;
• anti-aircraft complexes.

MLRS "Tornado-G" ("Typhoon"): description

"Tornado-G" ("Typhoon") is a multiple launch rocket system, which, due to the increased power of ammunition, greater range and built-in satellite guidance system, has surpassed its so-called "older sister" - MLRS "Grad" - 3 times.

Characteristics:

• The fully loaded MLRS weighs 15.1 tons.
• The Tornado-G is 7.35 meters long, 2.4 meters wide, and 3 meters high.
• The caliber of the shells is 122 mm (12.2 cm).
• MLRS "Tornado-G" is universal in that, in addition to the basic shells from MLRS "Grad", you can use new generation ammunition with separable cumulative warheads filled with explosive cluster elements, as well as
• The firing range under favorable landscape conditions reaches 100 kilometers.
• The maximum area subject to destruction after firing one salvo is 14.5 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides is 40.
• The sight is carried out using several hydraulic drives.
• One volley is carried out in 20 seconds.
• The deadly machine is ready to go in 6 minutes.
• Shooting is carried out using a remote installation (DU) and entirely automated system fire control located in the cockpit.
• Crew - 2 people.

Ferocious "Hurricane"

As happened with most MLRS, the history of the "Uragan" began in the USSR, or rather, in 1957. The "fathers" of the MLRS "Uragan" were Ganichev Alexander Nikitovich and Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich. Moreover, the first designed the system itself, and the second developed a combat vehicle.

"Hurricane": application

The Uragan MLRS is designed to smash targets such as:

• artillery batteries;
• any enemy equipment, including armored;
• living force;
• all kinds of construction projects;
• anti-aircraft missile systems;
• tactical missiles.

MLRS "Hurricane": description

For the first time "Hurricane" was used in the Afghan war. They say that the Mujahideen were afraid of this MLRS until they fainted and even gave it a formidable nickname - "Shaitan Trumpet".

In addition, the Uragan multiple launch rocket system, the characteristics of which inspire respect among the soldiers, have been in clashes in South Africa. This is what prompted the military of the African continent to develop in the field of MLRS.

At the moment, this MLRS is in service with countries such as: Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Poland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldavia, Yemen, Kyrgyzstan, Guinea, Syria, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Slovakia.

The Hurricane multiple launch rocket system has the following characteristics:

• The weight of the MLRS fully loaded and on alert is 20 tons.
• The Hurricane is 9.63 meters long, 2.8 meters wide and 3.225 meters high.
• The caliber of the shells is 220 millimeters (22 cm). It is possible to use shells with a monolithic high-explosive warhead, with high-explosive fragmentation elements, with anti-tank and anti-personnel mines.
• The firing range is 8-35 kilometers.
• The maximum affected area after firing one volley is 29 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides is 16, the guides themselves are capable of rotating 240 degrees.
• One volley is carried out in 30 seconds.
• A full recharge of the Hurricane MLRS takes about 15 minutes.
• The combat vehicle goes into a combat position in just 3 minutes.
• Reloading the MLRS is possible only when interacting with the TZ-machine.
• Shooting is carried out either using a portable control panel, or directly from the cockpit.
• The crew is 6 people.

Like the Smerch multiple launch rocket system, the Uragan works in any military conditions, as well as in the case when the enemy uses nuclear, bacteriological or In addition, the complex is capable of functioning at any time of the day, regardless of the season and temperature fluctuations. "Uragan" is capable of regularly participating in hostilities both in frost (-40 ° C) and in the sweltering heat (+ 50 ° C). The Uragan MLRS can be delivered to its destination by water, air or rail.

Deadly "Tornado"

The Smerch multiple launch rocket system, the characteristics of which are superior to all available MLRS in the world, was created in 1986 and put into service with the USSR military forces in 1989. To this day, this mighty death machine has no analogues in any country in the world.

"Tornado": application

This MLRS is rarely used, mainly for total annihilation:

• artillery batteries of all types;
• absolutely any military equipment;
• manpower;
• communication centers and command posts;
• construction sites, including military and industrial;
• anti-aircraft complexes.

MLRS "Smerch": description

MLRS "Smerch" is available in the armed forces Russia, Ukraine, UAE, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Algeria, Venezuela, Peru, PRC, Georgia, Kuwait.

The Smerch multiple launch rocket system has the following characteristics:

• The weight of the MLRS fully loaded and in the firing position is 43.7 tons.
• The Tornado is 12.1 meters long, 3.05 meters wide, and 3.59 meters high.
• The caliber of the shells is impressive - 300 millimeters.
• For firing, cluster missiles with a built-in control system unit and an additional engine are used, which corrects the direction of the charge on the way to the target. The purpose of the shells can be different: from fragmentation to thermobaric.
• The firing range of the Smerch MLRS is from 20 to 120 kilometers.
• The maximum affected area after firing one volley is 67.2 hectares.
• The number of charges and guides is 12 pieces.
• One volley is carried out in 38 seconds.
• Complete re-equipment of the Smerch MLRS with shells takes about 20 minutes.
• The "Smerch" is ready for military exploits in a maximum of 3 minutes.
• Reloading MLRS is carried out only when interacting with a TZ-machine equipped with a crane and a charging device.
• The crew is 3 people.

MLRS "Smerch" is an ideal weapon of mass destruction, capable of operating in almost any temperature conditions, day and night. In addition, the shells fired by the Smerch MLRS fall strictly vertically, thereby easily destroying the roofs of houses and armored vehicles. It is almost impossible to hide from the "Tornado", the MLRS burns out and destroys everything within its radius of action. Of course it is not power nuclear bomb, but still the one who owns the "Tornado" owns the world.

The idea of \u200b\u200b"world peace" is a dream. And as long as there are MLRSs, unattainable ...

On November 19, 1942, a strategic offensive operation began at Stalingrad soviet troops codenamed "Uranus". Barrel and rocket artillery played one of the key roles in the battle for Stalingrad. In memory of the merits of this type of troops in one of the decisive battles of the Great Patriotic War November 19 began to be celebrated as the Day of the Missile Forces and Artillery (MFA).

The offensive of the Red Army began with massive artillery shelling. Of the entire spectrum used in Stalingrad battle artillery weapons separately worth mentioning the field multiple launch rocket system BM-13, nicknamed "Katyusha".

The Katyusha initiated the development of multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS) in the country.

• Soviet multiple launch rocket systems "Katyusha", 1942
• RIA News
• Georgy Zelma

Today MLRS is part of the MFA along with self-propelled and towed barrel artillery, mortars and tactical missile systems. The MLRS consists of a combat vehicle with a launcher based on a tractor or tank chassis, a transport-loading vehicle, a control vehicle and rockets.

Child of the cold war

During the period cold war the options for a full-scale clash between the USSR and the NATO bloc were seriously considered. It was assumed that a colossal amount of manpower and equipment would be used in the conflict, as well as weapons of mass destruction would be used.

To repel the threat in the form of large accumulations of enemy forces, weapons with area damage were required, capable of stopping the offensive on distant approaches. For such purposes, MLRS were most suitable.

During the Cold War years, the USSR accumulated a powerful combat potential in the field of missile weapons. The systems have been constantly evolving and modernizing.

In particular, the MLRS ammunition was improved - by increasing the range and accuracy of the flight of rockets, increasing the caliber of missiles, expanding the range of types of ammunition used, as well as gradually moving towards adjustable rockets.

The chassis of the tractors were also modified, which were supposed to provide the car with sufficient cross-country ability and speed. Improved fire control and navigation systems, here progress was towards increasing the automation of the MLRS.

According to the London International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), by 1991 the USSR had 8,000 rocket artillery units (including the reserve) against 426 units in the United States. At the same time, Soviet MLRS were superior to foreign counterparts in many respects.

Made in USSR

The development of a new MLRS began in 1959 at Research Institute No. 147 (now JSC NPO Splav, part of the Rostec Corporation). In 1963, the 9k51 "Grad" was adopted, in the same year serial production of MLRS began at the Perm plant. Lenin.

Grad uses 122 mm unguided rockets fired from 40 guides. Ural tractors and ZIL-131 were used as chassis.

On the basis of the Grad MLRS, a number of modifications were created, in particular the Grad-V and Grad-VD airborne installations, the 9k59 Prima with 50 guides. For the Navy, the BM-21PD "Damba" was developed to combat sea saboteurs and submarines, as well as the "Grad-M" for installation on ships.

"Grad" uses the widest range of unguided shells: high-explosive, incendiary, smoke, lighting, training, cluster, cumulative, mine-placing. The minimum firing range of the Grad MLRS is 5 km, and the maximum is 20 km.

The high intensity of fire, coupled with a large engagement zone, makes it possible to effectively use the Grad against enemy manpower and armored vehicles. After applying a missile salvo, the installation can quickly leave the firing point, avoiding return fire.

Following the "Grad" in NPO "Splav" was created MLRS with improved characteristics - "Uragan". In 1975, 9k57 "Uragan" (caliber - 220 mm) with 16 guides was adopted for armament. For the "Hurricane", for the first time in the world, a projectile with a cluster warhead with fragmentation submunitions was developed.

The MLRS "Uragan" additionally includes a car for topographic survey and a radio direction-finding meteorological complex.

A salvo of one combat vehicle covers an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 42 hectares. The fire can be conducted at a distance of 8 to 35 km both singly and in volleys. Hurricane uses a wide range of unguided projectiles: high-explosive fragmentation, mine-setting, cluster, thermobaric, incendiary.

The pinnacle of the heavy rocket artillery of the USSR was the creation of the 9k58 MLRS "Smerch" (caliber - 300 mm) with 12 guides.

The Smerch was developed by NPO Splav, in 1987 the system was adopted.

The MLRS "Smerch" additionally includes a vehicle for topographic survey and a radio direction-finding meteorological complex.

For the "Smerch", adjustable rockets with an inertial control system were developed, which made it possible to reduce the dispersion of shells by three times compared to an unguided missile, while increasing the accuracy of fire by half. The range of fire of the "Smerch" is from 20 to 90 km, the area of \u200b\u200bthe affected territory can reach 70 hectares.

In 2017, a bicaliber version of the Hurricane - Hurricane-1M (calibers - 220 and 300 mm) - was adopted. Unlike previous generation systems, Uragan-1M is charged by completely replacing the package with guides.

According to the IISS, at the beginning of 2017, the Russian army was armed with 550 Grads, 200 Hurricanes and 100 Smerchi.

This Russian trio of MLRS is in great demand abroad and is exported to dozens of countries.

"Tornado" is coming

Today in Russia there is an active upgrade of the missile forces due to the commissioning of a new family of MLRS "Tornado" based on the BAZ-6950 chassis.

“Tornado” has two modifications: “Tornado-G” - modernization of “Grad” - and “Tornado-S” - modernization of “Smerch”.

• 122-mm multiple launch rocket system 9K51M "Tornado-G" ("G" - "Grad") - an upgraded version of the MLRS 9K51 "Grad"
• RIA News

In new missile systems all the shortcomings characteristic of similar equipment of the previous generation are taken into account. The features of the new MLRS family are the presence of an automated guidance and fire control system, the integration of weapons into the GLONASS satellite system, improved electronics and on-board equipment, and the ability to fire special long-range projectiles.

"Tornado" has increased accuracy, and can also operate as part of a flight under the leadership of a single control center.

At the moment, for both modifications of the MLRS, new types of projectiles are being developed. Of the unusual, one can note a 300 mm caliber projectile with an unmanned aircraft in the warhead, capable of conducting reconnaissance after launching from a rocket.

MLRS "Tornado-G" was put into service in 2012, and "Tornado-S" - in 2016. Now the systems are being supplied to the Russian army.

Generation change

Experts believe that Russian MLRS are superior to their foreign counterparts in many ways. Their renewal will allow Russia to maintain its leadership in this type of weapons in the future. Military expert Viktor Murakhovsky told RT about the role of MLRS in the Russian Armed Forces and the prospects for the development of missile forces.

According to him, the MLRS in the Russian army is one of the most advanced means of fire destruction. Recently, the MLRS of the previous generation has been intensively replaced by the "Tornado" family. The purchases of "Tornado-S" and "Tornado-G" are included in the new state armaments program.

“Now there is an active development and adoption of new ammunition for these systems. It is especially worth noting the creation of guided missile ammunition, which will have to remove the main disadvantage of MLRS - low accuracy. New generation of corrected projectiles with an individual guidance system will allow the MLRS to be classified as high-precision weapons", - said Murakhovsky.

The expert stressed that MLRS are included in the general reconnaissance and combat contour of the Russian army.

“According to the organizational and staff structure, Grads operate as part of rocket artillery battalions of tank and motorized rifle brigades and regiments, Hurricanes correspond to the army kit, and Smerchi are part of the district subordination. MLRS are an extremely effective defensive and offensive weapon, significantly increasing the combat potential of the formations they belong to, ”Murakhovsky summed up.

MLRS (multiple launch rocket system) "Uragan" is designed to destroy manpower, armored and lightly armored vehicles of enemy tank and motorized infantry units on the march and in places of concentration, destruction of command posts, military infrastructure and communication centers, remote installation of anti-personnel and anti-tank minefields in combat zones at a distance of 10 - 35 thousand m.

Considering the adoption of the M-21 Field Reactive System in 1963, the Tula State Research Institute of Precision Engineering in 1963-1964, on its own initiative, carried out prospecting work in order to study the possibility of creating a more long-range and powerful system in terms of the number of explosives in a salvo, with which it would be possible solve combat missions promptly at ranges from 10 to 40 thousand meters.

In June 1964, the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering sent for consideration the "Project of a field multiple launch rocket system" Uragan "with a projectile range of 35 thousand meters. The project proposed a system with high maneuverability, travel speed up to 70 km / h, high cross-country ability and opening of multiple launch rocket fire in a short period of time.This system can be used to destroy, openly located or sheltered in field installations of manpower, fire weapons, tanks, nuclear and chemical and other targets and enemy targets at ranges up to 40 thousand meters.

On the basis of the order of the Ministry of Defense Industry (MOP), dated December 28, 1966, in 1967, scientific research "Creation of a high-precision multiple launch rocket system" Uragan "(NV-121-66). The work was completed in December 1967 with confirmation of the possibility of obtaining the specified characteristics, carrying out theoretical studies, bench tests of engines, separation mechanisms, delay in opening the stabilizer, aerodynamic blowing and The system was recommended for R&D (development work).

The results of the work carried out were approved by subsection No. 1 of section 1 of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of the Defense Industry and the topic was recommended for development work after the elimination of the identified deficiencies.

On the basis of the order of the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering and the Ministry of General Mechanical Engineering No. 18/94 in 1968, a preliminary project was developed missile complex multiple launch rocket "Hurricane". In September of the same year, the work was recommended for development work (from the document TULGOSNIITOCHMASH (Tula) of the early 1970s).

In 1969 - early 1970, work was carried out to draw up and adjust the TTT for development work: "Army MLRS" "Grad-3" (at the beginning of 1970 it was changed to "Uragan"). Apparently, these are the tactical and technical requirements No. 0010 of military unit 64176. The system was supposed to include a combat vehicle, a command vehicle, a transport vehicle and arsenal equipment. It was proposed to use the following types of projectile warheads: cluster fragmentation action, high-explosive (has a given body crushing), cluster, intended for remote mining. The decision to develop other types of warheads (incendiary, cumulative, propaganda, in special. Content) were to be taken by the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering in the second quarter of 1970 based on the results of the preliminary project. In the design of the projectiles, it was supposed to use one solid-propellant jet engine for all warheads with an unregulated nozzle over the entire operating temperature range. There were no replaceable nozzles. It was proposed to use the ZIL-135LM chassis as the base of the MLRS. During the preliminary design, variants of a combat vehicle and a transport vehicle on the tracked chassis of the MT-S transporter-tractor were to be worked out (option Tactical and technical requirements for the Grad-3 multiple launch rocket system (Hurricane) and the terms of reference for the completion of the command vehicle ). The number of guides should have been 20 pcs. when using the chassis from ZIL-135LM and 24 pcs. on the MT-S chassis. But the exact number of guides had to be clarified after reviewing the draft design. For the transport vehicle, the Kraz-253 wheeled chassis was also considered as a base.

From a letter to A.N. Ganichev. (TULGOSNIITOCHMASH) Elagin (GRAU) in military unit 64176 learned that the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering and the Ministry of Defense Industry approved the following executors for the Grad-3 multiple launch rocket system:

Ministry of Mechanical Engineering:
Research Institute of Chemical Technology (PO Box A-7210, Moscow Region, Lyubertsy) for testing the powder charge and ignition system;
Plant "Krasnoarmeets" and the State Design Bureau of Instrument Making (p / box V-8475, Leningrad) for testing the means of ignition;
Kazan Scientific Research Institute of the Chemical Industry (p / box B-2281, Kazan) for an expelling charge for a cassette warhead;
Plant named after Maslennikov (p / i R-6833, Kuibyshev) to create a contact action fuse for a high-explosive warhead, a mechanical-type remote tube for a cluster warhead;
Institute "Geodesy" (p / box R-6766, Moscow region, Krasnoarmeisk) testing and evaluation of the effectiveness of the warhead;
Research Institute "Poisk" (p / box V-8921, Leningrad) for testing a contact fuse for a combat element of a cluster warhead;
Krasnoarmeysk Research Institute of Mechanization (p / box A-7690, Moscow region, Krasnoarmeysk) for testing the equipment of a high-explosive warhead, an explosive charge for a warhead of a cluster warhead;
Orsk Mechanical Plant (p / i R-6286, Orenburg region, Orsk) for the manufacture of warheads and engines.

Ministry of Defense Industry:
Perm Machine-Building Plant named after V.I. Lenin (p / i R-6760, Perm) for transport and combat vehicles;
All-Union Scientific Research Institute "Signal" (p / box A-1658, Vladimir region, Kovrov) on the completion of the command vehicle.

Work on the creation of the MLRS "Uragan" was carried out on the basis of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 71-26 dated January 21, 1970 (order of the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering No. 33 dated January 28, 1970).

In order to check the measures that are associated with work to increase the range of fire, for January-February 1971, shooting was planned in the amount of 30 pieces. shells MLRS "Uragan" from a ballistic installation, placed on the gun carriage ML-20. Shells with three types of plumage were to be delivered:
- knife type, feather thickness 7 millimeters, opening of feathers to the longitudinal axis of the projectile at an angle of 90 °;
- according to the "Grad" projectile scheme;
- combined (combining the plumage of a knife-type projectile and "Grad").

During the purges at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, variants of projectiles with three types of plumage received positive results. At the same time, the stability margin was about 12 percent.

In 1972, the Tula State Research Institute of Precision Engineering carried out work on the topic HB2-154-72 "Single-channel angular stabilization system for the Grad and Uragan projectiles (1st quarter of 1972 - start of work, 2nd quarter of 1973 - end) ...

In 1972, the search for a single-channel angular stabilization system was carried out in two directions:
- based on an angular velocity sensor with the use of gas-dynamic executive bodies;
- based on a contact angle sensor with the use of powder impulse actuators.

According to the report of the Tula State Research Institute of Precision Engineering on work in 1972, this year they carried out theoretical calculations, simulations on analog electronic machines, experimental laboratory studies of a single-channel angular stabilization system, as well as its elements for rockets of the Uragan and Grad types. ". Defined the basic requirements for the system and system elements.

The stabilization system included an electronic conversion unit, an angular displacement sensor, and gas-dynamic-type or pulse-type actuators.

It was determined that the use of a single-channel stabilization system in the "Hurricane" and "Grad" projectiles improves their characteristics in terms of accuracy of fire by 1.5-2 times.

Drawings were developed for the elements of the angular stabilization system, prototypes were made and tested in laboratory conditions. By the time the report was drawn up or submitted, a batch of blocks of a single-channel angular stabilization system for flight tests was being produced.

In 1972, on the basis of the order of the head of the second Main Directorate of the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering No. 17 dated 20.12.1970, TulgosNIItochmash carried out research work on the topic "Research of ways to create long-range projectiles for the Uragan and Grad systems (HB2-110-71g ).

In accordance with the target task, we performed theoretical and experimental work that demonstrated the possibility of increasing the range of firing with Uragan and Grad projectiles by using high-impulse fuel and durable materials for the hull.

In 1972, the factory development was completed, and the system was presented for field trials, consisting of:
- unguided rockets with fragmentation cluster (weight 80-85 kg) and high-explosive (weight 100-105 kg) warheads;
- BM 9P140 mounted on the chassis of the ZIL-135LM car;
- 9T452 transport and loading vehicle mounted on the chassis of a ZIL-135LM vehicle;
- arsenal equipment.

During the factory testing, we received the characteristics of the system that met the basic tactical and technical requirements:
- the greatest firing range of shells with high-explosive warhead - 34 thousand meters, cluster warhead - 35 thousand meters;
- accuracy of fire:
a projectile with a high-explosive warhead: in the direction of Vb / X \u003d 1/174, in the range Vd / X \u003d 1/197;
a projectile having a cluster warhead: in the direction Vb / X \u003d 1/152, in the range Vd / X \u003d 1/261;
- reduced area of \u200b\u200bdestruction of a projectile with a cluster warhead when the combat element approaches the target of 85-90 degrees:
manpower located openly - 22090 m2 (Eud. \u003d 10 kgm / cm2);
military equipment - 19270 m2 (Eud. \u003d 135 kgm / cm2);
- reduced area of \u200b\u200bdestruction of a projectile with a high-explosive warhead:
military equipment - 1804 m2 (Eud \u003d 240kgm / cm2);
- funnel size:
depth 4.8 m;
diameter 8 m.

The combat vehicle has 18 guides; volley time - 9 seconds, ammunition of shells carried on a transport-loading vehicle - 1 set.

The combat vehicle was developed under the guidance of chief designer Yuri Nikolaevich Kalachnikov.

The system is constantly being modernized - for example, today there are a number of modifications of rockets, as well as warheads for these shells.

Currently, the 9K57 Uragan MLRS is in service with the Russian, Kazakh, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Yemeni armies, and also, probably, the Syrian army.

The Hurricane multiple launch rocket system was widely used in combat in Afghanistan. In the early 1980s, it was deployed and used by the Syrian military at the initial stage of the war with Israel. The system was used by federal troops in the Chechen Republic. According to open data, the last time the system was used russian troops in 2008 during the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict.

In Ukraine, work was carried out to install the artillery unit on the KrAZ-6322 chassis modified for its installation. The time of the work has not been set.

The Hurricane multiple launch rocket system includes:
Fighting vehicle 9P140;
Transport and loading vehicle 9Т452;
Rocket projectiles
KAUO (automated fire control complex) 1V126 "Kapustnik-B";
Educational and training means;
Topographic survey vehicle 1T12-2M;
Radio direction-finding meteorological complex 1B44;
Set of arsenal special equipment and tools 9F381

The 9P140 combat vehicle was carried out on a four-axle chassis of a ZIL-135LMP vehicle with high cross-country ability and an 8x8 wheel arrangement. The artillery unit consists of a package that contains sixteen tubular guides, a rotary base with sights and guidance mechanisms, a counterbalancing mechanism, as well as hydraulic and electrical equipment. Guidance mechanisms, equipped with power drives, make it possible to direct a package of guides from 5 to +55 degrees in the vertical plane. The horizontal guidance angle is ± 30 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the combat vehicle. To increase the stability of the launcher during a shot, there are two supports in the rear of the chassis, which are equipped with manually operated jacks. The rockets can be transported directly in the guides. The combat vehicle is equipped with a night vision device and communication equipment (radio station R-123M).

Tubular guides - smooth-walled pipes with a U-shaped screw groove, along which the rocket pin slides during a shot. Thus, its initial spin is provided to give the projectile the stability required in flight. The projectile, when moving along the trajectory of rotation, is supported by the blades of the drop-down stabilizer, which are installed to the longitudinal axis of the projectile at a certain angle. A salvo of one combat vehicle covers an area of \u200b\u200bover 42 hectares. The main method of shooting is from a closed position. There is a possibility of firing from the cockpit. Calculation of the 9P140 combat vehicle - 6 people (4 people in peaceful time): commander of a combat vehicle, driver, gunner (senior gunner), crew numbers (3 people).

The package of guides is installed on a cradle - a rectangular welded platform. The cradle with the upper machine is connected by means of two semiaxes, around which it swings (turns) when hovering along the elevation angles. The combination of a cradle, a package of guides, a number of assemblies and parts of the locking mechanism, a sight bracket, an ignition system and others make up the swinging part. With the help of the rotating part of the combat vehicle, the package of guides is given the desired azimuth angle. The rotating part consists of a swinging part, an upper machine, a balancing, lifting and turning mechanism, a shoulder strap, a gunner's platform, a manual guidance drive, a swinging part locking mechanism, a swinging part hydraulic lock, a rotating part locking mechanism. The balancing mechanism partially compensates for the moment of the weight of the swinging part. It consists of mounting parts and a pair of torsion bars. Swivel and lifting mechanisms are used to guide the package of guides in the horizontal plane and along the elevation angle. The main targeting method is the electric drive. For repairs and in case of failure, a manual drive is used. The locking mechanisms fix the moving parts of the installation during movement. The hydraulic lock of the swinging part unloads the lifting mechanism during firing and prevents confusion of aiming at elevation angles.

The combat vehicle has a panoramic mechanical sight D726-45. A standard gun panorama PG-1M is used as a goniometer and sighting device in the sight.

The 9P140 combat vehicle launch system provides:
- safe operation of the crew, which serves the combat vehicle when firing;
- conducting salvo and single fire while in the crew cabin;
- conducting salvo and single fire when the crew is in cover at a distance of up to 60 meters from the combat vehicle;
- firing in the event of failure of power supplies and main blocks of firing chains.

The launch system provides the possibility of multiple launch rocket fire at a constant rate (16 missiles are launched at a rate of 0.5 seconds) and the so-called "ragged" rate of fire (the first 8 missiles are launched at an interval of 0.5 seconds, the remaining missiles at an interval of 2 seconds). Due to the use of a "ragged" rate of fire, it can significantly reduce the frequency and amplitude of oscillations of a combat vehicle, and, consequently, improve the accuracy of firing.

To load the launcher, the 9T452 transport-loading vehicle is used, developed on the chassis identical to the combat vehicle. Each 9T452 loader can carry 16 rockets. The machine provides loading (unloading) without special. preparation of a position, including from any transport vehicle, from another transport-loading vehicle or from the ground. The reloading process is mechanized, the loading time is 15 minutes. Loading capacity 300 kg.

The equipment of the transport-loading machine consists of a frame, a crane, a tray with a rammer, cargo carts, a load-gripping device, an operator's platform, a docking device, a rod, a crane swing reducer, electrical equipment, an alignment mechanism, and spare parts. Tray with rammer - a folding beam along which a pusher with a rocket moves. The alignment mechanism aligns the axis of the rocket, which is in the tray, and the axis of the guide tube. Left and right bogies are designed to accommodate missiles. The transport-loading vehicle has three electric drives, which carry out: lifting / lowering the missiles, turning the crane, sending missiles into the guides.

The loading of the combat vehicle is carried out in the following order from the upper tier: raise the rocket, put it in the tray, unhook the load-handling device, send the rocket into the guide.

A feature of the ZIL-135LMP four-axle wheeled chassis was the location of the power plant behind the four-seater cockpit. This power plant consisted of two eight-cylinder V-shaped ZIL-375 carburetor engines. At 3200 rpm, each engine produces up to 180 hp. The transmission has an onboard scheme: the wheels of each side rotate by an independent engine through a separate gearbox, final drives and transfer cases. The wheels of the first and fourth axles are steerable, with independent torsion bar suspension with shock absorbers. The wheels of the middle axles are close together, do not have an elastic suspension and are rigidly attached to the frame. The machine is equipped with a centralized tire pressure regulation system. The machine has a very high cross-country ability and speed characteristics. When driving at full load on the highway, the maximum speed is 65 kilometers per hour, without preliminary preparation it can overcome fords up to 1.2 meters deep. The fuel range is 500 km.

The Hurricane multiple launch rocket system ammunition consists of the following rockets:
- 9M27F having a high-explosive fragmentation warhead;
- 9M27K having a cluster warhead with fragmentation submunitions;
- 9M27S having an incendiary warhead;
- 9M59, 9M27K2, 9M27K3 having a cluster warhead with anti-tank mines;
- 9M51 with a volume-detonating warhead (during the war in Afghanistan showed high efficiency).

The maximum firing range is 35 thousand meters, for destruction at shorter distances, rings are put on the rocket, which slow it down in flight. The flight range of the small-ring cluster projectile is 11-22 km, the 9M27F unguided missile is 8-21 km. In the case of using a large stopping range of a cluster projectile is 9 - 15 km, and the 9M27F projectile is 8 - 16 km.

The complex can be operated in conditions of the enemy using nuclear, bacteriological, chemical weapons at different times of the year and day, at an air temperature of -40 ... + 50 ° C. in different climatic conditions.

The Hurricane multiple launch rocket system can be transported by water, rail or air.

The performance characteristics of the MLRS 9P140 MLRS "Uragan":
Combat vehicle weight in combat position - 20 tons;
Combat vehicle weight without crew and shells - 15.1 tons;
Dimensions in the stowed position:
Length - 9.630 m;
Width - 2.8 m;
Height - 3.225 m;
Wheel formula - 8x8
Number of guides - 16 pcs;
Rotation of the guides - 240 degrees;
Recharge time - 15 minutes;
In store down the highway - 500 km;
The time for transferring a combat vehicle from traveling to combat position is no more than 3 minutes;
The time for leaving the firing position after firing a volley is less than 1.5 minutes;
Temperature range combat use - from -40 to +50 ° С;
Surface wind - up to 20 m / s;
Relative air humidity at 20..25 ° С - up to 98%;
Dust content of surface air - up to 2 g / m3;
Application altitude above sea level - up to 3000 m;
General characteristics of rockets:
Caliber - 220 mm
Weight of solid propellant powder charge - 104.1 kg
Maximum firing range - 35 km;
The minimum firing range is 8 km;
The temperature range of combat use is from -50 to +50 ° С;
The temperature range of short-term (up to 6 hours) stay of the PC is from -60 to +60 ° C.

The 9K57 "Uragan" multiple launch rocket system has a caliber of 220 mm. It is designed to defeat any group targets, the vulnerable elements of which are open and sheltered manpower, unarmored, lightly armored and armored vehicles of motorized infantry and tank companies, artillery units, tactical missiles, anti-aircraft systems and helicopters in parking lots; command posts, communication centers and objects of the military-industrial structure. Introduced into service in 1976.

The combat vehicle has sixteen guides for unguided rockets. The ammunition includes 9M27F missiles with a monoblock high-explosive warhead, 9M27K with 30 high-explosive fragmentation elements, 9M27K2 with 24 anti-tank mines, 9M27KZ with 312 anti-personnel mines and 9M59 with 9 anti-tank mines.

The complex includes: a 9P140 combat vehicle, a 9T452 transport and loading vehicle, a set of special arsenal equipment and tools 9F381, training equipment, an automated fire control complex (KAUO) 1V126 Kapustnik-B, a 1T12-2M topographic survey vehicle and radio direction-finding meteorological complex 1B44.

MLRS Uragan has high performance characteristics. Critical temperature (from -50 to +50 ° C), high air humidity (98% at a temperature of 20-25 ° C), dustiness of the surface air (up to 2g / m3) are normal operating conditions of the complex. Such indicators make it possible to use the Hurricane in any climatic conditions. The complex allows firing at altitudes up to 3000 meters above sea level and surface winds up to 20 m / s.

Tactical and technical characteristics

Caliber, mm 220

Firing range, km:

• Maximum 35

  Minimum 10

The number of guides of the combat vehicle (BM), pcs 16

Projectile weight, kg 270..280

Volley time, from 20

BM calculation, people 4

Calculation of the transport-loading vehicle, person 3

BM loading time, min 20

BM deployment time, no more, min 3

Clotting time of the complex, no more, min 1.5

MLRS composition

The MLRS "Uragan" includes the following weapons:

Fighting vehicle BM 9P140 (see diagram)

Transport and loading vehicle 9T452 (see diagram)

Rocket projectiles

Automated fire control complex (KAUO) 1V126 "Kapustnik-B"

Educational training aids

Topographic survey vehicle 1Т12-2М

Radio direction-finding meteorological complex 1B44

Set of special arsenal equipment and tools 9F381

Fighting vehicle 9P140 is made on the chassis of a four-axle cross-country vehicle ZIL-135LMP (wheel arrangement 8x8). The artillery unit includes a package of sixteen tubular guides, a swivel base with guidance mechanisms and sights, a counterbalancing mechanism, as well as electrical and hydraulic equipment. The guidance mechanisms equipped with power drives allow directing the package of guides in the vertical plane from 5 ° to the maximum elevation angle of + 55 °. Horizontal guidance angle ± 30 ° from the longitudinal axis of the machine. To increase the stability of the launcher when firing, two supports are mounted in the rear of the chassis, equipped with manually operated jacks. The rockets can be transported directly in the guides. BM is equipped with communication facilities (radio station R-123M) and a night vision device.

MLRS Hurricane. Rear view of the unit.

Tubular guides are smooth-walled pipes with a U-shaped screw groove, along which the rocket pin slides when fired. Thus, the initial spin of the projectile is provided to give it the necessary stability in flight. When moving along the trajectory, the rotation of the projectile is supported by the blades of the drop-down stabilizer, set at a certain angle to the longitudinal axis of the projectile. A salvo of one BM covers an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 42 hectares. The main method of shooting is from a closed position. Firing from the cockpit is possible. Calculation of BM 9P140 - 6 people (in peacetime - 4): BM commander, gunner (senior gunner), driver, crew number (3 people).

The package of guides is mounted on a cradle - a welded rectangular platform (see layout diagram). The cradle is connected to the upper machine by two semi-axes, around which it turns (swings) when hovering along the elevation angle. The combination of a package of guides, a cradle, a number of parts and assemblies of the locking mechanism, an ignition system, a sight bracket, etc., constitutes a swinging part. The rotating part of the BM serves to give the package of guides the desired azimuthal angle and includes a swinging part, an upper machine, balancing, lifting and turning mechanisms, a shoulder strap, a gunner's platform, a manual guidance drive, a swinging part locking mechanism, a swinging part hydraulic lock, a rotating part locking mechanism ... The balancing mechanism serves for partial compensation of the moment of the weight of the swinging part and consists of two torsion bars and fastening parts. Lifting and turning mechanisms are used to guide the package of guides along the elevation angle and in the horizontal plane. The main method of guidance is electric. In case of failure and for repairs, a manual drive is used. Locking mechanisms fix the movable parts of the installation during movement. The hydraulic lock of the swinging part prevents confusion over the elevation angle and relieves the lifting mechanism when firing.

The combat vehicle is equipped with a mechanical panoramic sight D726-45. A standard gun panorama PG-1M is used in the sight as a sighting and goniometric device.

The launch system BM 9P140 provides:

safe operation of the crew serving the BM when firing,

single and multiple launch rocket fire when the crew is in the cockpit,

single and multiple launch rocket fire when the crew is in a shelter at a distance of up to 60 m from the BM,

firing in case of failure of the main blocks of firing chains and power sources.

The launch system provides the possibility of salvo firing at a constant rate (all 16 missiles are launched at a rate of 0.5 s), as well as the so-called. "Ragged" rate of fire (the first 8 missiles at a rate of 0.5s, the remaining 8 missiles at a rate of 2s). Thanks to the use of a "ragged" rate of fire, it is possible to significantly reduce the amplitude and frequency of BM oscillations, and, consequently, improve the accuracy of fire.

MLRS "Hurricane" Loader

The launcher is loaded using the 9T452 transport-loading vehicle, developed on the same wheeled chassis as the combat vehicle. Each TZM 9T452 carries 16 rockets and provides loading and unloading without special training positions incl. from any transport vehicle, from another TPM and from the ground. The reloading process is mechanized, its duration is 15 minutes. The lifting capacity of the TZM crane is 300kg.

The TZM equipment consists of a frame, a tray with a rammer, a crane, cargo carts, an operator's platform, a load-gripping device, a docking device, a crane swing reducer, a boom, an alignment mechanism, electrical equipment, and spare parts. The rammer tray is a folding beam along which the pusher with the rocket moves. The alignment mechanism is designed to align the axis of the rocket in the tray with the axis of the guide tube. Left and right carts are designed to accommodate missiles. The TPM has three electric drives: lifting (lowering) missiles, turning the crane, sending missiles into guides.

The BM is loaded from the upper tier in the following sequence: raise the rocket and put it in the tray, unhook the load-gripping device and send the rocket into the guide (see the diagram of the mutual arrangement of BM 9P140 and TZM 9T452 when loading and the diagram of the BM battery at the firing range).

A feature of the four-axle wheeled chassis of the ZIL-135LMP is the location of the power plant behind the four-seater cockpit. This power plant consists of two V-shaped eight-cylinder ZIL-375 carburetor engines. Each of these engines develops a maximum power of 180 hp at 3200 rpm. from. The transmission is made according to an onboard scheme: the wheels of each side are driven into rotation from an independent engine through a separate gearbox, transfer cases and final drives. Wheels of the first and fourth axles are steerable, have independent torsion bar suspension with shock absorbers. The wheels of the middle axles are close together, they have no elastic suspension and are rigidly attached to the frame. The machine is equipped with a centralized tire pressure regulation system. The machine has a very high cross-country ability and good speed characteristics. When driving on a highway with full load, it develops a speed of up to 65 km / h, without preliminary preparation it overcomes fords 1.2 m deep. The fuel range is 500 km.

Multiple launch rocket system BM-27 MLRS "Uragan" was created in the 60s of the last century under the leadership of the famous design engineer A.N. Ganichev. During the passage of field tests, the military equipment Hurricane showed maximum efficiency and reliability.

All positive qualities have been confirmed during many years of operation in the Soviet, Russian and other armies around the world.

MLRS Hurricane

Chronology of the creation of the MLRS Uragan

In 1960, the designers of the Tula plant, under the leadership of the famous Soviet engineer designer A.N. Ganichev, began to develop a mobile multiple launch rocket system, the shells of which were supposed to use a large amount of explosives, have a long flight range and an increased combat impact area.

The Uragan mobile combat complex was supposed to have a high speed of transition from marching to combat mode. Also, one of the requirements was the maximum speed of the combat vehicle, which was supposed to develop up to 70 km / h.

• 1960 g. - the beginning of work on the project of the RZSO "Uragan";
• 1967 year - the first tests of the BM-27 Uragan prototype;
• 1972 year - field tests and finalization of the reactive system;
• 1975 year... - the beginning of mass production and adoption;
• 1991 year - completion of production.

The performance characteristics (TTX) MLRS Hurricane

Dimensions

Mobility

Armament

Purpose of military equipment Hurricane

The Hurricane rocket launcher is used to destroy various objects with a large impact area:

• destruction of manpower;
• lightly armored and armored vehicles;
• artillery;
• anti-aircraft units;
• airfields;
• command posts;
• communication stations;
• military industrial facilities;
• strategic sites.

Design

Military equipment Hurricane is located on the 9P140 combat vehicle. The chassis of the car is based on the Zil-135LM, has four-wheel drive and an eight-wheel all-wheel drive base, which provides excellent cross-country ability on different types of soil. The combat vehicle is equipped with two V8 Zil-375 engines, the total power of which is 360 liters. from.

Together with RZSO BM-27 "Uragan" are equipped with:

• meteorological complex 1B44;
• transport and loading machine;
• mobile fire control complex;
• car with mobile topographic survey;
• rockets.

The transport-charging vehicle has a similar base to the Zil-135, it can charge and discharge rocket launcher... The vehicle is designed to carry 16 rockets that are mechanically charged.

Armament of the Uragan missile system

When the Uragan system was being developed, the characteristics of which needed to be improved in comparison with the BM-21 Grad, the task was set to maximize the flight range, efficiency and impact area.

The Hurricane rocket launcher, which has significantly improved its performance, has 16 tubes - guides, which have a rectangular shape. The complex is guided using electric drives or a manual mechanical drive.

When launched, the shells are unwound along their axis, which increases the accuracy and efficiency of firing. The system has several modes of firing, ragged volley and volley.

With a ragged volley, the Hurricane multiple launch rocket system, the characteristics of which make it possible to first fire 8 9K57 rockets with a pause of 0.5 seconds, and then another 8 missiles with a pause of 2 seconds per second, inflicts a crushing blow on the enemy.

In salvo mode, the system releases its entire ammunition load in 8.8 seconds, making it one of the fastest in the world. Compared to the BM-21, the Uragan MLRS, the firing range of which is increased, has a higher accuracy and combat defeat.

Types of rocket ammunition 9k57

• high-explosive fragmentation projectile Hurricane;
• cassette;
• shells containing warheads and anti-tank mines;
• projectiles with a detonating warhead.

Modifications

Designed for the Russian army, commissioned since 2016.	Designed for the Ukrainian army, commissioned since 2010.
Dimensions
Combat position weight - 44 tons.	Combat position weight - 21 tons.
Length - 12.7 m.	Length - 9.2 m.
Width - 3 m.	Width - 2.7 m.
Clearance - 0.4 m.	Clearance - 0.37 m.
Mobility
Engine - YaMZ-846	Engine - YaMZ
Power - 500 hp from.	Power - 400 hp from.
The maximum speed is 70 km / h.	The maximum speed is 85 km / h.
The power reserve is 1,000 km.	The power reserve is 500 km.
Wheelbase - 8x8	Wheelbase - 6x6
Armament Hurricane (rockets)
Caliber - 220 mm / 300 mm	Caliber - 220 mm
Volley - 30/12 shells	Volley - 16 shells
Firing range, minimum / maximum - 8 km / 120 km.	Firing range, minimum / maximum - 8 km / 35 km.
Maximum affected area - 672 km 2	Maximum affected area - 350 km 2
Crew - 4 people.	Crew - 4 people.

As a result of subsequent modifications of the technical characteristics of the MLRS Uragan, the Uragan-M1 combat vehicle was created. It was upgraded for several types of rockets, 220 mm Hurricane and 300 mm Tornado. This modification increased the combat potential of the Uragan complex, the performance characteristics of which really became lethal.

Modification Bastion - 03 was developed in 2010 by Ukrainian designers, who transferred the multiple launch rocket system to the KrAZ chassis, which increased the mobility of the complex.

Combat use

• Afghan war 1979-1989... - was widely used by the Soviet army;
• Afghan conflict 1993-1998 - used russian army;
• Chechen war 1994-2009 - used by the Russian army;
• South Ossetia 2008... - was used in the conflict by the Russian army;
• Civil war in Ukraine 2014 - used by the army of Ukraine;
• Syrian Civil War 2016-2017 - was used by the Russian army in the liberation of Palmyra.

Machine evaluation

Advantages

• high combat characteristics;
• large area of \u200b\u200bdamage;
• complex mobility;
• high cross-country ability;
• ease of use;
• the use of a large number of different types of shells;
• autonomy.

disadvantages

For all the years of operation of this self-propelled artillery installation no shortcomings were identified.

Video about MLRS BM-27 "Uragan"