Four years of battles, hardships and horrors of war claimed the lives of almost 30 million Soviet people.

When the Great Patriotic War (WWII) began, almost 290 thousand people went to the front from the Tajik SSR. More than 100,000 of them never returned home.

Tajikistan gave a lot not only for the front, but also made a great contribution to the rear. Tajikistan became one of the centers of evacuation, 29 evacuation hospitals were located on the territory of Tajikistan, in which the Red Army soldiers were recovering from their injuries and wounds.

A number of enterprises were transferred to Tajikistan. Thousands of children were able to spend part of their childhood here, without remembering the horrors of war every day. Thousands of adults were able to continue their work, leaving their hometowns, destroyed by shelling and air strikes.

For courage and courage in the fight against fascism, displayed on the battlefields, 56 thousand envoys from Tajikistan were awarded military orders and medals, 54 people were awarded the highest title of Hero Soviet Union, 15 people became holders of three Orders of Glory.

List of Tajiks awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union:

HeroWWIIAmirali Saidbekov distinguished himself during the liberation of Poland. In March 1945, Saidbekov's company liberated several Polish settlements, inflicting heavy losses on enemy troops and capturing big number prisoners. On April 8, 1945, Saidbekov's company repelled several German counterattacks in the area of \u200b\u200bthe settlements Rogow and Dombrowa. In that battle, Saidbekov died. Buried in Poland.

HeroWWIIAnton Buyukli. On August 14, 1945, at the Coton railway station (now the village of Pobedino, Smirnykhovsky District, Sakhalin Region), the advancing regimental units were stopped by heavy machine-gun fire from the bunker. Buyukly volunteered to destroy the bunker and crawled towards him with a grenade. At a distance of ten steps, he, having received a serious injury, stopped, but found the strength to rise and close the embrasure of the bunker. At the cost of his own life, Buyukly ensured the success of the regiment's combat operations.

HeroWWIIIvan Razin. In total, by the beginning of April 1945, the senior pilot of the 639th assault aviation regiment, Lieutenant I.P. Razin, made 110 sorties, dropped 35 thousand kilograms of bombs on the enemy, fired 340 rockets, shot up to 15,000 VYa-23 shells and up to 64,000 ShKAS rounds. As a result of bombing and assault strikes, he destroyed 11 tanks, 22 vehicles, 13 field guns in firing positions, 5 mortar batteries and 5 anti-aircraft guns, destroyed 22 bunkers, destroyed 1 steam locomotive and set fire to two echelons with troops and cargo, blew up a warehouse with ammunition, destroyed up to 600 enemy soldiers and officers.

HeroWWIIAhmadjon Kurbonov during the liberation of the Byelorussian SSR near Bobruisk, using a diversionary maneuver, he successfully crossed the Narev and seized a bridgehead on its western coast. Continuing to advance, the battalion captured an important height and cut the highway northeast of the village of Syvesheno. Only during the repulsion of one of the counterattacks, Kurbanov's fighters destroyed 6 tanks, 4 armored personnel carriers, 12 machine guns, 185 enemy soldiers and officers.

HeroWWIIPeter Vernidub. In the battles for the city of Vilnius, Lieutenant Vernidub with his platoon destroyed 8 tanks and self-propelled guns, 4 anti-tank guns ( anti-tank guns), 8 vehicles with cargo, 23 firing points, destroyed up to two platoons of soldiers and took over 300 people prisoners.

HeroWWIIRakhim Azimovin January 1945, in battles for the Polish city of Zvolen, he burst into enemy positions, with grenades he destroyed several firing points, and captured 5 enemy soldiers.

HeroWWIIAlexander Gorelov. On April 22, 1945, his battalion fought to the Spree River and attacked enemy positions from the rear, capturing three bridges. In total, during the battles for Berlin, the battalion captured more than 2,000 enemy soldiers and officers, and freed allied prisoners of war from two camps.

HeroWWIIBakir Davlatov. In September 1943 Davlyatov, with his own crew, was among the first in the squadron to cross the Dnieper near the village of Vyalye, Bragin District, Gomel Region, Belorussian SSR. With machine gun fire, he suppressed the enemy firing point, which contributed to the successful advance of the entire squadron. During the battle for the village of Galki, Davlyatov, moving forward with a machine gun, destroyed a group of enemy soldiers, ensuring the successful liberation of the village.

HeroWWIIVictor Butorin. Guard Senior Sergeant Butorin distinguished himself in the battle for the Dnieper. On September 21, 1943, during the battles for the village of Pershe Travnya of the Gorodnyansky district of the Chernihiv region of Ukraine, he, being twice wounded, did not leave the battlefield until the settlement was completely liberated.

HeroWWIIDomullo Azizov especially distinguished himself when crossing the Dnieper in the Loyevsky region. The 120th rifle regiment, in which Azizov served as the commander of the machine-gun crew, was ordered on October 15, 1943 to begin crossing the Dnieper. At the Komsomol regimental meeting, it was decided to create a Komsomol landing group, which was instructed to be the first to cross the river. As part of the landing group on October 15, 1943, he was among the first to cross the river, bursting into the enemy trench, eliminated the crew of the heavy machine gun with a grenade and destroyed a group of enemy machine gunners with fire from a captured machine gun.

HeroWWIIIvan Valukhov.During the war, Valukhov flew 486 sorties, 339 of which - at night. He flew on a Li-2 bomber. Bombed military objects, accumulations of equipment and manpower of the enemy, 147 times delivered cargo to besieged Leningrad, 76 times - weapons and ammunition - to partisan formations (15 times landed on forest airfields), threw out troops in the enemy rear. In October 1943 Valukhov made 12 sorties in search of the Stalin icebreaker in the Arctic.

HeroWWIIErgash (Irgash) Sharipov for the courage and heroism shown during the battles for the liberation of the city of Uherski Brod in Czechoslovakia, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Buried in Czechoslovakia.

HeroWWIIVeniamin Nedoshivin. On January 27, 1944, on the outskirts of the city of Gatchina, Lieutenant Nedoshivin, at the head of a platoon, burst into the village of Pizhma, but was surrounded. Having occupied a perimeter defense, inspiring the fighters to win, the twice wounded officer remained in the ranks and staunchly repulsed enemy attacks until reinforcements arrived

HeroWWIIIvan Dushkin.On the night of August 7-8, 1943, Dushkin's plane was shot down over Mga. The crew decided to land in Kalinin, however, before reaching their destination, the plane's engine failed. Only the crew's radio operator managed to jump out of the car with a parachute, the rest of the crew died.

HeroWWIIIsmat Sharifovon March 9, 1944, under enemy fire, he crawled to two enemy heavy machine guns, which interfered with the advance of the platoon, and destroyed their crews with grenades. On the same day, in street battles in the city of Uman, he blew up 3 enemy vehicles with ammunition and destroyed over a dozen Nazis.

HeroWWIIDmitry Kratov. Lieutenant Colonel Kratov's regiment in the battle between the settlements of Jastrow, Flederborn and Wallachsee, in cooperation with cavalry and tank units, destroyed 15 tanks and about 4,000 enemy soldiers and officers. Captured 34 artillery pieces, 19 mortars, 172 machine guns and took prisoners about 2,000 enemy soldiers and officers.

HeroWWIINemat Karabaev.He was the first Tajik to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. When the Soviet-Finnish war began, he, being in the ranks of the Red Army, became its participant. The high rank for courage shown in battles was awarded to Negmat Karabaev in March 1940. He took part in the battle for Moscow, the Rzhev-Vyazemsk and Rzhev-Sychev operations. He died in January 1943 while crossing the Don River.

HeroWWIINikolay Anikin. On October 2, 1943, Anikin, as part of a group of soldiers of his platoon, crossed the Dnieper south of Kiev. Having secretly cleared the passages in the minefields, Anikin crawled to the German trench and threw grenades at it. As a result of a fierce battle, a group of fighters led by Anikin knocked out the German soldiers from their positions. In this battle, he personally killed seventeen German soldiers. After that, leaving the fighters at a busy line, he returned to the Dnieper, and, despite the heavy fire of the Nazis, transported one hundred eighty-three fighters overnight, which led to the preservation of the bridgehead.

HeroWWIINabi Akramovin one of the military operations on the commander's BMP, he cut off the path to the mountains of a retreating rebel band and destroyed 12 of them. Then he raised a company to attack, entered into hand-to-hand combat, during which he personally destroyed three more rebels, including the leader of the bandit formation.

HeroWWIIVasily Obukhov. By October 1943, the deputy squadron commander of the 25th Guards Aviation Regiment, Guards Major V.M. Obukhov flew 156 combat missions to bombard important strategic targets deep behind enemy lines and their troop concentrations.

HeroWWIIFatkhullo Akhmadov (Fatulla Akhmedov, "Tiger hunter"). In January 1944, the liberation of the Belarusian Polessye began. At one of the positions near the village of Besedki, Fathullo, expecting an enemy tank attack, attaching an ordinary wheel from a cart to a tree, managed to shoot down an enemy Junkers from this platform with an anti-tank rifle during another raid. Killed during the liberation of Poland. He managed to knock out one assault gun with an armor-piercing gun, threw a grenade at the Tiger, but was mortally wounded.

HeroWWIIMikhail Novoseltsev. On September 21, 1943, in battles near the settlement of Ivashkovka, Chernigov Region, Ukrainian SSR, Novoseltsev personally destroyed an enemy machine-gun crew. On the night of September 27-28, 1943, Novoseltsev's crew crossed the Dnieper near the village of Nivki, Bragin District, Gomel Region, Byelorussian SSR and took an active part in the battles for capturing and holding the bridgehead on its western bank, holding out until the main forces crossed.

HeroWWIIHody Kinzhaev. July 6, 1943 Kinzhaev's crew repelled a counterattack 24 german tanksby knocking out four of them. When the entire crew was out of order, Kenjaev continued to fire alone, knocking out 3 more tanks. In that battle, he was wounded three times, but continued to fight. When Kinzhaev's gun was destroyed, he picked up an anti-tank rifle and destroyed the eighth tank, only after that he went to the medical battalion. On the way, he provided first aid to an artilleryman from a neighboring calculation and delivered him to the battalion.

HeroWWIIGrigory Filippov.On the night of November 7, 1944, with a group of scouts, Sergeant Filippov crossed the Tisza River near the village of Sharud. He was the first to break into the enemy trench. The soldiers captured an important line, from which they repelled enemy counterattacks. In battle, the Komsomol organizer blew up an armored personnel carrier with a grenade, using an enemy machine gun, personally destroying dozens of Nazis. He was wounded twice, but did not leave the battlefield until the arrival of reinforcements.

HeroWWIISaidkul Turdyev. On the night of October 2, 1943, the commander of the machine-gun company of the 342nd Rifle Regiment (136th rifle division, 38th Army, Voronezh Front) Lieutenant Turdyv was among the first in the battalion to cross the Dnieper in the area of \u200b\u200bKazachiy Island, located on the southern outskirts of Kiev. Replacing the battalion commander who was out of action, he led the battle on the beachhead. He died a heroic death in battle on October 3, 1943.

HeroWWIIAlexey Lapshin. On October 15, 1943, Lapshin's forward detachment crossed the Dnieper near the village of Kamenka, Repkinsky District, Chernigov Region, Ukrainian SSR, and seized a bridgehead on its western bank, after which it held it until the entire battalion crossed. While repelling one of the German counterattacks, Lapshin was wounded, but continued to fight.

HeroWWIIIsmail Khamzaliev. In a battle on unnamed heights north of Molotychi, Sergeant Khamzaliev, replacing the failed gunner of the gun, knocked out three enemy medium tanks with his gun. He died in a hospital (Klintsy) from his wounds on August 16, 1943. He was buried at the Kursk Memorial Cemetery.

HeroWWIIPavel Khanzhindistinguished himself when crossing the Dnieper. In October 1943, a platoon of Khanzhin, under heavy enemy fire, landed in three boats on the right bank of the Dnieper. Liberating the island of Pushkarevsky, Khanzhin with a platoon of 24 fighters entered hand-to-hand combat with the enemy on the shore in the Rechishche region, personally destroying 5 Nazis.

HeroWWIITuychi Ergdzhigitov. During the battle on October 5, 1943 in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Smerdynya, Tosno district Leningrad region, the Red Army soldier Tuychi Erdzhigitov, having closed the embrasure of the bunker, allowed his company to advance. Inspired by the feat of Tuychi, colleagues, having risen to attack, burst into the trench of the Nazis.

HeroWWIIUrunbek Yokubovduring the breakthrough of the enemy's defense in the Kharkov region, on August 26, 1943, with his own crew, he destroyed up to 20 enemy soldiers and officers and suppressed two firing points.

HeroWWIINikolay Balakin. On the night of April 22-23, 1945, at the head of a group of fighters, Balakin crossed the Spree River and, with an attack from the rear, destroyed the German unit guarding the bridge. On April 28 he was wounded, but remained in the ranks until he received a second wound.

HeroWWIISafar Amirshoevdistinguished himself on June 16, 1944 north-west of the Lithuanian SSR. During the battle with the enemy tanks that broke through, he was the first to deploy the howitzer and knock out the lead tank. During the fierce battle, all the soldiers of the crew were wounded. He himself received two wounds, but was able to knock out two more tanks and died.

HeroWWIIMikhail Vladimirov. In July 1944 Vladimirov distinguished himself when crossing the Neman River and in the battle for the bridgehead. On August 16, 1944, in one of the battles, his SU-76 was surrounded by enemy tanks. With well-aimed fire, he knocked out 4 tanks, the rest retreated. He was wounded, but continued to fight.

HeroWWIITuychi Nazarov one of the first on January 24, 1945 overcame the Oder in the region of Köben (Hobenya, Poland). When capturing and expanding the bridgehead, he destroyed up to 12 Nazis and the calculation of a light machine gun.

HeroWWIITimofey Gavrilov. On March 13, 1944, Captain Timofey Kuzmich Gavrilov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for exemplary performance of the command assignments and the courage and heroism shown at the same time.

HeroWWIITokhtasinMirzae. On October 3, 1943, in the battle for height 160.7 south-west of the village of Mishurin Rog (Verkhnedneprovsky district of the Dnipropetrovsk region), the Red Army guard Mirzaev drew the soldiers into the attack, first burst into the height, threw a grenade to silence the enemy machine gun. The height was taken, the fighters repulsed more than 10 attacks of the Nazis, but held their positions. In one of the following battles, Mirzaev went missing.

HeroWWIIPeter Kashpurovhe received the title of hero for the exemplary execution of the order for the crossing of the Dnieper, the occupation of Dnipropetrovsk and the personal heroism shown at the same time.

WWII heroAlexander Gordeev. On the night of September 26-27, 1943, as part of three crews of anti-tank rifles, Gordeev, despite massive enemy fire, crossed the Dnieper near the village of Nyvki, Bragin District, Gomel Region, Belorussian SSR, where he entered into battle with superior enemy forces. Taking advantage of the darkness, the soldiers of the calculations secretly crept up to the German trenches, threw grenades at the enemy soldiers who were there and, seizing the trenches, held them until reinforcements arrived.

WWII heroHaydar Kasimovin the battles on the outskirts of the Pripyat River, Kasymov destroyed the enemy's ammunition depot with the fire of his mortars.

HeroWWIIGrigory Taran. In 1943, the squadron commanded by Taran made 126 sorties to the Crimean partisans, delivering 120 tons of food and taking out more than 600 wounded partisans and children. Grigory Taran himself was sent to Great Britain, where he tested a new transport aircraft "Albimal-1" and surpassed it in the USSR. After being appointed commander of the regiment, Taran made 225 sorties, of which 61 - with landing behind enemy lines

HeroWWIIEremey Danilyans on the night of September 28, 1943, under heavy mortar and machine-gun fire, he was the first to cross with his crew to the right bank of the Dnieper River near the village of Nivki, Bragin District, Gomel Region, Belarus. He opened heavy fire on the enemy, which helped the cavalry squadron to successfully cross the river, occupy an advantageous line and ensure the crossing of the main forces of the 60th Guards Chernigov cavalry regiment.

HeroWWIIKhovadzhi Mirzoev. In September 1943 Khovadzhi was among the first to cross to the right bank of the Dnieper. Having cleared the bank of the enemy with machine-gun fire, he ensured the successful crossing of the river by his unit. He was wounded three times, but did not leave the position, destroying 144 fascists.

HeroWWIIIvan Dvadnenko. On September 27, 1943, despite massive enemy artillery and mortar fire, Dvadnenko and his battery successfully crossed the Dnieper near the village of Nivki, Bragin District, Gomel Region, Belorussian SSR, and entered into battle with enemy troops. While repelling a counterattack by German tanks, Dvadnenko was wounded, but did not leave the battlefield, continuing to fight. When the gunner of one of the guns went out of action, Dvadnenko replaced him with himself and, firing, personally destroyed two enemy tanks. Later, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Galki in the same area, Dvadnenko's battery knocked out three tanks and a self-propelled gun.

HeroWWIIChutak Urazov.On the night of July 18, 1944, near the Latvian city of Ludza, his reconnaissance group, being surrounded, took a battle with superior enemy forces. Many believed the entire group had died. In fact, one person survived: the shell-shocked Urunbay Abdullaev was captured by the Nazis after the battle at height 144. The rest, including Chutak Urazov, died heroically.

HeroWWIIVasily Andreev. During one of the Nazis' counterattacks, Andreev replaced the out-of-order platoon commander, and supported the infantry offensive with machine-gun fire. He himself was seriously wounded, but did not leave the battlefield. Skillful and decisive actions contributed to the capture of up to 140 fascists.

WWII heroDaniil Korzhov.On September 28, 1943, Korzhov, under massive enemy fire, was one of the first in the regiment to cross the Dnieper near the village of Lopatny in the Repkinsky district of the Chernigov region of the Ukrainian SSR and took an active part in the battles on the bridgehead on its western bank. With machine-gun fire, he destroyed a group of German soldiers who were trying to disrupt the regiment's crossing. In November 1943 Korzhov went missing.

WWII heroOlim Khakimov distinguished himself during the liberation of Poland. On January 16, 1945, Khakimov's battalion crossed the Vistula in the area of \u200b\u200bthe settlement of Lomna, 8 kilometers south-west of the city of Khotomuv, and captured a bridgehead on its western bank, after which it held it until the main forces crossed, repelling fifteen German counterattacks.

WWII heroIvan Protopopov received a high award for exemplary performance of command missions, personal heroism and courage, brilliant platoon command in extremely difficult battle conditions.

WWII heroAlexey Dmitriev. Acting battalion commander of the 214th Guards Howitzer Artillery Regiment of the Guard Captain Alexei Dmitriev in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Franzkabud (Shakyai district of the Lithuanian SSR) on August 7, 1944, repelling an enemy attack, knocked out 5 tanks with the battalion's fire. When part of the enemy's tanks and infantry broke through to the observation post, he organized its defense, called the division fire on himself, cut off the enemy infantry from the tanks and, having gathered the control platoon fighters, counterattacked the enemy. On August 21, 8 more tanks were destroyed. Killed in action on October 17, 1944.

WWII heroVildan Khabiev.The commander of the mortar squad of the 685th Rifle Regiment, Sergeant Vildan Khabiev, as part of a capture group, on October 15, 1943, crossed the Dnieper River near the village of Kamenka, Repkinsky District, Chernigov Region, Ukraine. The paratroopers seized a bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper and repulsed all enemy counterattacks. He died on March 14, 1945 in Poland and was buried in a mass grave.

WWII heroSeytnafe Seitveliev distinguished himself during the liberation of the Byelorussian SSR. On June 25, 1944, Seitveliev took part in breaking through the German defense in the Zhlobin region, and on the night of July 2–3, 1944, in battles near the town of Maryina Gorka, knocking out fifteen German tanks with his crew.

WWII heroIvan Kruminin the battles for the crossing on the Dnieper River he showed courage and courage. Under heavy enemy fire, on October 15, 1943, crossed to the right bank of the Dnieper in the Loev area to adjust the fire of our artillery, which was shelling the crossing. He was wounded, but continued to carry out a combat mission. And only when the second echelons crossed, a shift came, he agreed to be evacuated to the medical battalion.

WWII heroIvan Razvalyaevbeing in the lead detachment all along the march from Tomaszow to Kalisz, the captain of the guard squadron, as one of the brave, energetic and competent officers, showed heroism and courage in battles during the occupation of Tomaszow (Poland).

WWII heroRaagimboy Rakmatov distinguished himself during the liberation of Poland. On January 24-25, 1945, Rakhmatov crossed the Oder near the city of Oppeln and took an active part in the battles to capture and hold the bridgehead on its western bank, repelling a large number of enemy counterattacks. In those battles, Rakhmatov was wounded, but continued to fight for the sake of Victory.

In the photo: the standard-bearer of the division Abdrakhman Pirov

Arriving at the front, the soldiers of the 20th CD took up defensive positions 48 km from Moscow (the village of Kutino). The Tajiks took a fight at the junction of the compound with the division of General Panfilov, at the Dubosekovo junction.

In the photo: fighters of the 20th CD

On November 25, 1941, the division received a new line of defense between the stations of Povarovo and Kryukovo, only 18 kilometers remained to Moscow, but the 20th Cavalry Division tightly sealed the way to the Germans at this line.

The Germans considered all cavalry regiments to be Cossacks, and the 20th CD was also ranked among the Cossacks.

“They acted bravely, with great skill and cunning. Which is not surprising: the units were part of the elite Soviet 20th Cavalry Division - the assault formation of the famous Cossack Corps of Major General Dovator ", - writes the German historian Paul Karel about the 20th CD

20th CD commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Tavliev

December 19, 1941 The 20th CD crossed the front line and entered the breakthrough, destroying the rearguards of the SS Viking division along the way and cutting off the escape route german troops to Volokolamsk and Ruza. In these battles on December 19, the commander of the 2nd Guards General L. M. Dovator and the commander of the 20th Tajik Cavalry Division M. P. Tavliev were heroically killed.

In the fall of 1942, the 61st CD became part of the mobile group of the Stalingrad Front of the 4th Cavalry Corps of Lieutenant General T.T. Shapkin.

The 61st Cavalry Division received all the best from the republic: excellent horses, sound uniforms, selected food and fodder. And most importantly and most expensive - Tajikistan sent its best sons to the 61st Cavalry Division. Its composition was multinational: Tajiks, Uzbeks, Russians, Tatars.

in the photo: General T. Shapkin

From the memoirs of General of the Army Popov: “This corps was formed in Central Asia from the fighters of local nationalities. A significant part of them did not speak Russian or spoke poorly. However, the cavalrymen successfully passed the preliminary examination, skillfully disguising themselves on the way and in the concentration area. "

On December 15, 1942, 48 km from Stalingrad, near the Aksai River, the 61st KD was ordered to stand to death, defending against 150 German tanks.

The division held out for 5 days, exactly as long as it took before the arrival of reinforcements

In the spring of 1942, the 63rd KD was formed in Leninabad, the backbone of which was made up of the residents of Gornaya Matcha, Isfara, Kanibadam, etc.

The division was deployed to the Transcaucasus to defend the passes across the Caucasian ridge, in addition, they had to defend Elbrus.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War is a heroic achievement of all the peoples of the USSR. Fighters from Central Asia also contributed to the common cause. Uzbeks, Turkmens, Tajiks, Kyrgyz and Kazakhs, like residents of other parts of the country, fought bravely against fascism. The soldiers and officers of the military units formed in the Central Asian republics performed many heroic deeds, which cannot be forgotten.

Kazakhs

According to the data of the 1939 All-Union Population Census, the population of the Kazakh SSR before the Great Patriotic War slightly exceeded 6 million people. Of these, about 1 million 200 thousand soldiers and officers became direct participants in hostilities. Another 3.5 thousand Kazakhs participated in the partisan movement.
In bloody battles, about 589 thousand inhabitants of the republic were killed. That is, almost every second of those called up to the front did not return home.
Kazakhs took part in many military operations. Together with comrades in arms, they fought on the Kursk Bulge and on the streets of besieged Stalingrad, did not allow the Nazis to break through the defenses of Leningrad, and then drove the Nazis from Soviet soil to Berlin, consistently liberating Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, the Baltic States and other countries of Eastern Europe.
One of the most striking victories won soviet troops During the war, there was a heroic defense of Moscow, entrusted to the 316th Infantry Division, commanded by General Ivan Panfilov (1893-1941). This military unit, formed mainly of Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Uzbeks, stopped the German tank offensive along the Volokolamsk highway. The feat of the Panfilov heroes is still being studied by young cadets and officers from many countries of the world.
About five hundred Kazakhs were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, more than one hundred residents of the republic became full holders of the Order of Glory. Among the famous war heroes are two Kazakh girls: machine gunner Manshuk Mametova (1922-1943) and sniper Aliya Moldagulova (1925-1944), who destroyed more than 90 German fascist invaders. Mortally wounded near the town of Novosokolniki, the girl rushed into hand-to-hand combat with German soldiers and officers.
Pilot Nurken Abdirov (1919-1942) flew 16 sorties in his Il-2. His plane was hit by enemies in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Rostov farm Konkov. Realizing that death is inevitable, the pilot directed the burning Il-2 into the enemy tank column. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded posthumously.

Kyrgyz

At the beginning of the war, the population of the Kirghiz SSR was slightly below 1.5 million people, of whom 365 thousand residents of the republic went to the front. They fought as part of the legendary Panfilov division, and went from Stalingrad to Berlin. Liberating the USSR and the countries of Eastern Europe from fascism, about 115 thousand Kirghiz laid down their heads.
Among the residents of the republic who went to the front, thousands of people were awarded various orders and medals, of which 73 soldiers and officers received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. More than 20 Kyrgyz became full holders of the Order of Glory. Many have received their awards posthumously.
For example, Daishenkul Shopokov (1915-1941) is one of 28 Panfilov heroes who stopped the Nazi offensive along the Volokolamsk highway. He died at the Dubosekovo junction of the Moscow region, destroying 18 enemy tanks with his comrades.
And Cholponbai Tuleberdiev (1922-1942) died a heroic death near the village of Selyavnoe-Vtoye, Voronezh Region. The crossing of the Soviet troops across the Don was hampered by enemy bunkers, from which almost continuous machine-gun fire was fired. A wounded soldier of the 160th rifle division, having used up all the grenades, rushed to the enemy embrasure, covering it with his body. His self-sacrifice allowed his comrades to seize an important strategic foothold.
This feat in six months will be repeated by another Hero of the Soviet Union - Alexander Matrosov (1924-1943).
The fate of Major General Dair Asanov (1922-2009) is also remarkable. As a sergeant of the 11th artillery division, he distinguished himself especially in the battle near the village of Pyatnitskoe, Kharkov region. On March 23, 1943, in four hours of unequal battle, this warrior destroyed from his gun: 40 submachine gunners; 8 tanks and 6 armored cars of the enemy.

Tajiks

289 thousand residents of the Tajik SSR were drafted into the ranks of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War, another 45 thousand people went to the labor front, from where many also ended up in military units and formations. About 100 thousand soldiers and officers of them died. This was a very heavy loss for the population of the republic, whose total number before the war was about 1.5 million people.
68 residents of the Tajik SSR received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. More than 55 thousand soldiers were awarded for the courage shown at the front, of which 21 are full holders of the Order of Glory.
One of the heroes who glorified their people in the fight against fascism is Domullo Azizov (1913-1943). The commander of the machine-gun crew of the 69th Infantry Division was killed while liberating Belarus from the German invaders. As part of the landing group, the junior sergeant crossed the Dnieper and was the first to rush into the enemy trench. Domullo destroyed the enemy soldiers who were there, throwing a grenade. Then he turned a German machine gun and opened fire on the Nazis. This unexpected and bold maneuver made it possible to ensure the crossing of the Dnieper by the main forces of the Red Army.
Ismoil Khamzaaliev (1921-1943) - another Hero of the Soviet Union, he performed a feat at the Kursk Bulge. The commander of the gun crew did not allow enemy tanks to break through the defenses. When his gun mount was hit, the sergeant opened fire with another gun located nearby. His combat crew was killed. The seriously wounded hero continued to fire, knocking out enemy tanks and bleeding.

Turkmens

Judging by the data of the 1939 All-Union census, the population of the Turkmen SSR at the beginning of the war slightly exceeded 1,252 thousand people. Of these, about 300 thousand residents of the republic went to the front. About 86 thousand soldiers did not return home.
In Turkmenistan, the 87th and 88th separate rifle brigades, the 97th and 98th cavalry divisions were formed. Their soldiers and officers took part in all well-known battles of the Great Patriotic War. They fought on the Kursk Bulge, near Moscow, in the Caucasus, in Stalingrad. The countries of Eastern Europe were liberated from the Nazis.
Combat orders and medals were awarded to 78 thousand soldiers, and 112 Turkmen received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
One of the servicemen awarded this honor was Durdy Kurban (1917-1976). The squad leader of the 176th Infantry Division was serving on the border between the USSR and Romania when the war began. During a tense battle with superior enemy forces, the warrior lost an arm, it was torn off by a shell explosion. But this did not stop the hero. Bleeding to death, he raised his squad into battle, winning.
And the cavalry squadron, led by Lieutenant Annaklych Ataev (1912-1943), in two days of intense battles managed to repel 7 German attacks, in which 16 tanks participated. Moreover, the Red Army men had only firearms and grenades. This happened not far from the Rostov city of Belaya Kalitva in the battle for the dominant height 79.9, which the Nazis could not recapture. The cavalry squadron destroyed about 300 Nazis, three German tanks and an armored vehicle.

Uzbeks

On the eve of the war, almost 6.5 million people lived in the Uzbek SSR. In 1941-1945, about 420 thousand inhabitants of the republic were killed at the front, and only in the ranks soviet army about 1.5 million Uzbeks were drafted.
This ancient land gave birth to 338 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 53 more soldiers during the Great Patriotic War were awarded the Order of Glory of all three degrees. 120 thousand Uzbeks received various military awards.
As part of the legendary Panfilov division, the inhabitants of the republic defended Moscow. They fought in Stalingrad, in the Caucasus, took part in the battles for Smolensk, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol, liberated Poland, Hungary and other countries from the Nazi invaders.
In the Uzbek SSR, the 21st and 44th cavalry and 258th rifle divisions, as well as the 90th and 94th separate rifle brigades were formed.
The commander of the sapper department of the 13th Guards Rifle Corps, Satym Nurmetov (1925-1994), accomplished his feat on April 7, 1945 near Kaliningrad (formerly - Konigsberg). The guard sergeant and four sappers, whom he commanded, bypassed the positions of the enemy artillerymen from the rear and, as a result of a surprise attack, captured 25 Nazis, also taking possession of the enemy's guns. Then the soldiers of the Red Army turned the muzzles of the German guns against the enemies who tried to recapture the lost positions. The Nazis failed, Satym Nurmetov and his fighters held out until the arrival of reinforcements.
Another of the many Uzbek heroes is Dzhurakhan Usmanov (1923-1945). Assistant platoon commander of the 69th Infantry Division took part in the crossing of the Sozh River in the Gomel Region on September 29, 1943. Together with the platoon, the senior sergeant repelled more than 30 enemy attacks. When only 9 fighters remained, they ran out of ammunition. In this seemingly hopeless situation, Dzhurakhan proposed an extremely bold decision - to collect unexploded grenades and cartridges on the battlefield. The soldiers ventured to take such a risk. They had enough ammunition to wait for reinforcements.

This is just a small part of all the feats performed by soldiers and officers from Central Asia on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.

In the third material from a series of articles by the Russian historian Boris Sokolov, devoted to participation in World War II Soviet republics Central Asia , we will talk about Tajikistan... The remote location, difficult geographical conditions and the restless border with Afghanistan at all times did not prevent the inhabitants of the republic from contributing to the victory over Germany and its allies - with their work and their lives ...

Rear - to the front

Fewer enterprises were evacuated to Tajikistan than to other Central Asian republics. This was due to the proximity of the Afghan border, where the Basmachi detachments still remained, and the unfavorable conditions for accommodating the evacuees. Tajikistan is the smallest of all the republics of Central Asia, and 93% of its territory is mountainous.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, the working people of Tajikistan contributed over 1 billion rubles to the Defense and Armaments Construction Fund, including loans and lotteries. More than 150 wagons with gifts were sent to the front. Collective farmers of the republic additionally sold 1015 tons of food grain and 213 tons of meat at state prices and handed over to the country's Defense Fund. To supply the population of the cities of the republic with local dehkans, 2014 tons of potatoes and vegetables and 458 tons of fruits were sent.

In January 1943, a letter from Tajik workers to Tajik fighters who fought on the war fronts was published: “Wherever you fought - on the banks of the Don, in the steppes of Ukraine, in the vicinity of Leningrad - you defend Stalinabad, the banks of the Pyanj, the Pamir mountains, the Vakhsh valley and Leninabad ... Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Georgians, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz - we are all children of this great Motherland. Our country is the USSR. Sunny Tajikistan is its integral part ”.

The republic launched the production of equipment, uniforms, parachute silk, and army footwear. The working day in factories and factories lasted 10-11 hours.

The collective and state farms of Tajikistan were supposed to supply the industry with important types of strategic raw materials: cotton and silk, grain and livestock products. In total, during the war years the republic produced 178 thousand tons of cotton fiber, 770 tons of silk yarn, over 6.5 million meters of silk fabrics.

In the fall of 1941, evacuated creative teams began to arrive in Stalinabad (now - Dushanbe). Among them were such famous ones as the Leningrad Variety and Miniature Theater of Arkady Raikin, the Moscow State Gypsy Theater "Romen", the circus of Yuri Durov and other groups.

Residents of Tajikistan at the front

In October 1941, the 20th Red Banner Order of Lenin, the Tajik Mountain Cavalry Division, was sent from Tajikistan to defend Moscow. She acted as part of the 2nd Guards Cavalry Corps of Major General Lev Dovator, repeatedly made deep raids on the rear of the enemy. In March 1943, the 20th division was surrounded in the Sevsk region and was almost completely destroyed. In September 1943, after being reorganized, the 20th division became the 17th Guards Cavalry and ended the war near Berlin, on the banks of the Elbe. But there were practically no Tajiks in its composition since the end of 1942.

The combat path of the 61st cavalry division formed in Tajikistan began at Stalingrad. In addition to Tajiks, it included Uzbeks, Russians and Tatars. 61 divisions were almost completely destroyed in a clash with German Deblocking Group 4 tank army, who tried to rescue Paulus's army surrounded in Stalingrad (Operation Wintergewitter). In Stalingrad itself, in the famous Pavlov house, the Tajik Akhmad Turdyev fought heroically.

Due to the widespread development of Basmachism in Tajikistan, as well as the flight of a significant part of the local elite to Afghanistan along with the last emir of Bukhara, a certain distrust of the Tajiks remained in the USSR before the war. In the Red Army, there were very few Tajiks in senior command positions, including because of their poor knowledge of the Russian language. Indeed, before the revolution, most Tajiks lived on the territory of the Bukhara Emirate, which was not part of Russian Empire, but was only her vassal. This is partly why not a single Tajik general appeared in the Red Army during the Second World War. The first Tajik general was in 1962 Mastibek Tashmukhamedov, who at that time was the military commissar of Tajikistan. He ended the war as a political officer of the 545th rifle regiment of the 389th rifle division, being repeatedly wounded and awarded. In 1937, Tashmukhamedov was arrested, but after 9 months he was released due to lack of evidence of his connection with "enemies of the people", but he was dismissed from the post of deputy chief of the political department of the 20th cavalry division and in general from the Red Army, where he returned only with the beginning of the war. Tashmukhamedov died in 1988 at the age of 79.

The cost of war

More than 290 thousand residents of Tajikistan went to the front. More than 100 thousand people did not return home from the war.

In January 1941, the population of Tajikistan was estimated at 1566 thousand people. By the beginning of the war, it could have grown to 1,577 thousand people. At the same time, the urban population was only 21.2%, while in neighboring Uzbekistan, for example, it was 25.0%. (Military history journal, 1991, No. 2. P. 26.) Consequently, 18.4% of the pre-war population of the republic was mobilized into the Red Army. At the front, 34.5% of the the total called up, which is almost half the figure for the USSR as a whole, which is about 60%.

According to the 1939 census, Tajiks accounted for 59.5% of the population of Tajikistan, other peoples of Central Asia - 26.8%, including Uzbeks - 23.8%. Russians were 9.1%, and Ukrainians - 1.2%. For example, for Kazakhstan, the percentage of deaths among Kazakhs and other indigenous peoples of Central Asia was 1.9 times less than among the non-indigenous population. The action of the same factor explains the fact that the proportion of those killed among those mobilized in Tajikistan was 1.7 times less than the average for the USSR. Residents of Tajikistan, due to poor knowledge of the Russian language, alleged political unreliability, lack of experience in military service (they were not drafted into the tsarist army, and were drafted into the Red Army rather limitedly) served mainly in rear units.

In 2015, about 1200 veterans of the Great Patriotic War remained in Tajikistan, and in 2017 - only 447.

45 thousand inhabitants of Tajikistan were sent to the Urals in 1942 as part of the labor army to work in factories. Many died there of hunger and cold, but some remained to live here. Trudarmeytsy lived in barracks for 20 people. If one of them fell ill and died in winter, then his body was taken out into the street and left in front of the door. Only in the spring, when several corpses were recruited, a hole was dug and everyone was buried in this mass grave.

70,000 civilians have died in Tajikistan. This was due to the fact that in the republic there was relatively little land suitable for growing food crops, the crops of which were also reduced due to the expansion of cotton crops in wartime conditions. It was especially hard for the evacuees, but the indigenous population also had a hard time. People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Tajik SSR Andrei Kharchenko on May 21, 1945 telegraphed the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of the USSR Lavrentiy Beria:

“I am reporting on food difficulties in certain regions of Tajikistan.

The low harvest of 1944 in these areas did not provide payment in kind for the collective farmers' workdays. In the Leninabad region ... we identified 20 people who died of starvation and 500 people who were swollen from malnutrition. In the Stalinabad region ... over 70 people died of starvation. There are also emaciated and swollen. Such facts also take place in the Kurgan-Tyubinsk, Kulyab, and Garm regions.

Local assistance to these areas is marginal. In this regard, the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Council of People's Commissars of Tajikistan raised a question before the USSR government about providing assistance.

54 residents of Tajikistan were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Tajik junior sergeant Ismail Khamzaliev, who worked as a teacher in a secondary school before the war, was the commander of the gun crew of the anti-tank artillery battery 79 tank brigade 19 Panzer Corps on the Central Front. On July 8, 1943, during the repulse of the German offensive on Kursk north of the village of Molotychi (Fatezhsky district of the Kursk region), the gunner of the gun was killed. Then Khamzaliev himself stood up to the panorama and personally knocked out 3 enemy tanks. On July 10, in a battle for an important height, one of the enemy's shells knocked out the gun of Khamzaliev. Instantly assessing the situation, the junior sergeant opened fire from a nearby gun, whose crew was killed. During the battle Khamzaliev was seriously wounded, but, bleeding, continued to fire and put out of action 2 more enemy tanks, including one newest "Tiger". He died of his wounds on August 16, 1943. On September 8, 1943, Ismail Khamzaliev was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

A native of the Khatlon region, the commander of the gun of the 213th Guards Howitzer Artillery Regiment of the Guards Senior Sergeant Safar Amirshoev on June 16, 1944, near the village of Zhezhmariai in Lithuania, was the first to deploy a howitzer against the breakthrough German tanks and knocked out the head tank. He then knocked out two more tanks, but was mortally wounded. On September 25, 1944, Safar Amirshoev was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union ...

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Emir Ali Osmanov commanded the marching train

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Ferat Ibragimov continued to perform the combat mission

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Arsen Aliyev died in battle

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Bagish Ablaev delivered ammunition to the front line

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The younger generation should remember what contribution their grandparents from Tajikistan made to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War

This year, May 9 marks the 73rd anniversary of the Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War (WWII).

A sacred holiday of victory over the fascists, for which millions of people fought and gave their lives - citizens of all republics of the USSR, regardless of nationality and political convictions.

It was during this terrible period that the inhabitants of the Soviet Union were united by the goal - to protect the Motherland from the invaders. Only thanks to unity, heroic deeds, national spirit, our ancestors were able to win. There is not a single family that has not been affected by the war.

Many Tajiks showed heroic bravery during the Great Patriotic War. They fought the enemy at the front, worked in the rear, and hosted refugees from all over the country.

Sputnik Tajikistan remembers those who made an invaluable contribution to the common Victory.

Where the soldiers of Tajikistan fought during the Second World War

From the first days of the war, the Tajik people, like other peoples of the Soviet Union, realized all the danger hanging over their homeland. The military commissariats of Tajikistan began to receive applications for voluntary enrollment in the ranks of the Red Army.

By July 7, 1941, only the city military enlistment office of Stalinabad (now Dushanbe) received 2,503 such applications, of which 745 were from women. By November, several national brigades were formed in the republic: rifle and cavalry.

According to the archive Communist Party Tajikistan, in the period from 1941 to 1945, almost 290,000 people went to the front from the republic. More than 100,000 of them will never return home. Tajik soldiers took part in the defense of the Brest Fortress, Kiev, Smolensk, Odessa, Sevastopol and other cities. They helped liberate the besieged Leningrad and Moscow, fought on the Kursk Bulge, cleared Belarus, the Baltic States and Poland from the invaders.

IN Stalingrad battle 1942-1943 the 61st Cavalry Division, formed in different cities and regions of Tajikistan, took part. The division was staffed from residents from all over the territory of the Tajik USSR: Pamir, Garm, Gissar, Khatlon. The cavalrymen, overcoming the fierce resistance of the enemy in Abganerovo, Umantsevo, Kotelnikovo and Aksai, supported the offensive operations of the armies of the Stalingrad Front, continuing active operations behind enemy lines.

Two Tajik soldiers were directly involved in ensuring security at the 1943 Tehran Conference. This was the first meeting of the leaders of the three leading powers of the anti-Hitler coalition: Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt (USA) and Winston Churchill (Great Britain).

The leadership of the Third Reich was preparing an attempt on the leaders, but the secret operation was discovered and prevented by Soviet intelligence officers. At the conference, the Allies agreed on joint actions in the war against Germany and on the opening of a second front in France.

For courage and bravery in the fight against fascism, displayed on the battlefields, 56,000 envoys from Tajikistan were awarded military orders and medals. 54 soldiers were awarded the highest degree of distinction of the USSR - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 15 soldiers became holders of three Orders of Glory.

Courage of Tajiks on the WWII front

Let us recall several Tajiks from the glorious list of war heroes.

Tuychi Erdzhigitov

Tuychi Erdzhigitov was born on November 10, 1921 in the Bulok village of the Asht district of the Sughd (Leninabad) region into a peasant family. Received only primary education. He was a shepherd and then a worker on the construction of the Great Fergana Canal.

In June 1942, after training courses, he went to the front. For the sake of victory and destruction of the enemy, Tuichi in 1943 on the Volkhov front near the village of Smerdynya, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad region, courageously repeated the feat of Alexander Matrosov, covering the enemy's embrasure with his body.

Inspired by the feat of Tuychi Erdzhigitov, colleagues, having risen to attack, burst into the trench of the Nazis. At the request of the commander of the 1064th Infantry Regiment, where Erdzhigitov served, in February 1944 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.

Tuychi Erdzhigitov was buried in a mass grave in the city of Lyuban, Leningrad Region. A street in Lyuban was named after the hero, and his bust was installed in the Bulok village of the Asht region of Tajikistan.

Haydar Kasimov

Khaidar Kasimov was born on March 7, 1922 in the village of Polezak, Garm district of Tajikistan, into a peasant family. Received secondary education, worked on a collective farm before the war. In December 1941 he joined the Red Army.

He was the crew commander of the mortar company of the 229th Infantry Regiment (8th Infantry Division of the 13th Army of the Central Front). Kasimov distinguished himself when crossing the Desna River near the city of Chernigov in September 1943. After the company commander went out of action, he took over command, skillfully organized the passage of personnel across the river, the battle to capture and hold the bridgehead. In a battle on the outskirts of the Pripyat River, with mortar fire, he destroyed an ammunition depot and a platoon of enemy soldiers.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 16, 1943 for exemplary performance of combat missions of the command, for the fight against the Nazi invaders and for the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Sergeant Kasimov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. He was also awarded the Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Labor Red Banner, the Red Star, and the "Badge of Honor".

The pioneer squad of school No. 39 in his native village was named after the hero.

Hody Kinzhaev

The gun commander of the 1177th anti-tank artillery regiment, senior sergeant Khodi Kinzhaev, was born in 1914 in the village of Kostakoz, now in the Khujand region. In 1937 he graduated from the teacher's institute in Tashkent, then worked as the head teacher of the Kurgan-Tyubinsk pedagogical school.

Participated in the Great Patriotic War from December 1942. Kinzhaev distinguished himself as a regiment commander during Battle of Kursk... In the battles near the village of Pokrovka (Ivnyansky district of the Belgorod region) on July 6-7, 1943, the position of the crew of the anti-tank gun of senior sergeant Kinzhaev was attacked by 24 enemy tanks. Having let the Nazis at close range, the gunners opened fire and knocked out 4 tanks.

After the loader, gunner and box were wounded, the commander himself stood up to the gun and set fire to three more Tigers. He was wounded three times, but continued to fight. When the gun was broken by an enemy shell, he picked up an anti-tank gun with a broken muzzle brake (it gave a very strong recoil) and knocked out the eighth enemy tank. Only after that did Kinzhaev go to the medical battalion, on the way providing medical assistance to a soldier from a neighboring calculation and delivering him to the medical unit.

For courage and heroism shown in battles against the Nazi invaders, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 21, 1943, senior sergeant Kinzhaev Khodi Isabaevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In 1945, the war hero graduated from the Podolsk Artillery School and continued to serve in the artillery. Returning to his native village, Kinzhaev worked in the administrative and economic bodies of the district as chairman of the Kostakoz village council. In 1954-1958 he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Feat of Tajiks in the rear of the Second World War

The home front workers also made a huge contribution to the Victory. Many Tajiks - both old and young, men and women - worked during the Great Patriotic War in industrial enterprises, factories and plants, in agricultural fields. The goal was to give the USSR and the Red Army more weapons, bread, meat, raw materials, grain.

First of all, more than 20 enterprises and workshops have been commissioned in Tajikistan: cement, car repair, electromechanical plants, Dzhilikul, Chorukh-Dayronsky and Takfonsky mines of non-ferrous metals, Stalinabad and Leninabad milk processing plants. The production capacity of the canning industry increased, and the construction of the Nizhne-Varzob hydroelectric station continued. In a short time, the equipment of enterprises evacuated from the western regions of the USSR was assembled. Rare metals and hand grenades mined in the republic were used for the needs of the defense industry.

During the Second World War, Tajikistan gave the country 650 tons of grain, 36,000 tons of meat, 19,000 horses, tens of millions of cans of canned food and many other products. Special canned food made from unripe walnuts, which was prepared at the Leninabad Combine, saved Soviet soldiers who fought in the Far North from scurvy.

Industrial enterprises of the Tajik SSR produced military clothing, cartridges and parachutes for the front. More than 3,000 were created for the regular army trucks and 100,000 tractors, 178,000 tons of cotton fiber, 770 tons of silk yarn, more than 6.5 million meters of silk fabrics, thousands of pairs of shoes.

All these are the results of the selfless labor of ordinary workers in the rear, collective farmers. About 45 residents of Tajikistan went to factories in different regions of the Union, and from there many went to fight.

In 1942, a nationwide movement to raise funds for the Red Army developed throughout the USSR. More than 150 carriages with gifts were sent from Tajikistan to the front: 50 cars were sent to besieged Leningrad alone. All of them were formed at the expense of ordinary people who collected warm things and household items. In general, during the war, Tajikistan contributed over 1 billion Soviet rubles to the Defense and Arms Construction Fund, including loans and lotteries. Considering that in the 1940s in the USSR 1 gram of gold cost 4.45 rubles, the Tajik SSR sent almost 225 tons of gold to the war.

The Motherland highly appreciated the merits of the workers of the Soviet rear. In the Tajik SSR, 102,000 people were awarded medals "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945". About a thousand home front heroes have received high government awards.

Tajikistan is the second homeland

During the war years, Tajikistan became a truly second home for many people. Inhabitants of besieged Leningrad, Moscow, Kiev, Minsk and many other cities and villages of the western regions of the Soviet Union were evacuated to the republic.

About 100,000 people have found shelter on Tajik soil, of which almost 10,000 are children. The Tajik people provided them with everything they needed: housing, food, clothing and footwear.

It was here that those who literally paid for the coming victory with their blood were sent. By 1942, 29 evacuation hospitals were deployed on the territory of Tajikistan, in which the wounded Red Army soldiers were recovering from their injuries and wounds. The subtropical climate, silence and professional care of doctors contributed to the rapid recovery of soldiers and their return to the front.

Doctors were able to bring more than 50,000 wounded Soviet soldiers to their feet. These are about five full-fledged divisions. Children of front-line soldiers and evacuees were accommodated in sanatoriums, children's camps and rest homes. Thousands of kids were able to spend part of their childhood here, without remembering the horrors of war every day.

Evacuation hospitals in Dushanbe worked until the beginning of 1944. After the liberation of Ukraine by Soviet troops, some of them were redeployed to the front to enhance medical assistance to the advancing troops. But several first-aid posts remained in Dushanbe and were reorganized into hospitals for reconstructive surgery for war invalids. It is not without reason that a number of historians are calling for Dushanbe to be awarded the title "City of Military Medical Glory."

Thousands of people were able to continue their work in Tajikistan, leaving their home towns, destroyed by shelling and air strikes. A number of enterprises were transferred here, mainly in the light and food industries. Another 20 factories, factories and workshops were opened in the war in the republic.

Famous artists and filmmakers from other republics lived and worked in Tajikistan during the evacuation. For example, when the Leningrad Comedy Theater was evacuated to Dushanbe (then Stalinobad), the famous playwright Yevgeny Shvarts also arrived there.

He began work on a number of scenarios and plays, one of which was later used to produce the famous film "An Ordinary Miracle". Among the rest of the evacuated creative teams - the Moscow State Gypsy Theater "Romen", the Leningrad Variety and Miniature Theater of Arkady Raikin, the circus of Yuri Durov, and so on.

All artists performed in Tajikistan with concerts in front of wounded soldiers in evacuation hospitals, military units, in front of the home front workers - at industrial enterprises, collective and state farms, several concerts a day, in order to somehow remind people tired of the war about the existence of a peaceful, happy life.

Descendants must remember the heroes of the Second World War

So, more than 290,000 citizens of Tajikistan during the period of terrible ordeals, together with all citizens of the Soviet Union, honorably fulfilled their duty to the country.

Each - to the best of his strength, health and position - made a worthy contribution to the common cause of the struggle against fascism. 73 years ago, the people of the USSR held out because they were united.

Today in Tajikistan there are about 345 veterans of the Great Patriotic War.