Natural areas of Central Asia in brief. Geography of Asia: geology, climate, deserts, reservoirs, natural resources and ecology. Main geographic characteristics

Asia is the largest part of the world in terms of area (43.4 million km², together with adjacent islands) and population (4.2 billion people or 60.5% of the total population of the Earth).

Geographical position

It is located in the eastern part of the Eurasia continent, in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it borders with Europe along the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, with Africa along the Suez Canal, and America along the Bering Strait. It is washed by the waters of the Pacific, Arctic and Indian oceans, inland seas belonging to the Atlantic Ocean basin. The coastline is poorly indented, there are such large peninsulas: Hindustan, Arabian, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Taimyr.

Main geographic characteristics

3/4 of the Asian territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus (Himalayas, Pamir, Tien Shan, Greater Caucasus, Altai, Sayan), the rest is occupied by plains (West Siberian, North Siberian, Kolyma, Great China, etc.). On the territory of Kamchatka, the islands of East Asia and the Malaysian coast, there are a large number of active, active volcanoes. The highest point in Asia and the world is Chomolungma in the Himalayas (8848 m), the lowest is 400 meters below sea level (Dead Sea).

Asia can be safely called a part of the world where great waters flow. The basin of the Arctic Ocean includes the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Irtysh, Lena, Indigirka, Kolyma, Pacific Ocean - Anadyr, Amur, Huangkhe, Yanz, Mekong, Indian Ocean - Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus, the inner basin of the Caspian, Aral seas and lakes Balkhash - Amu Darya, Syrdarya, Kura. The largest seas-lakes are the Caspian and Aral, tectonic lakes - Baikal, Issyk-Kul, Van, Rezaye, Teletskoye lake, salty ones - Balkhash, Kukunor, Tuz.

The territory of Asia lies in almost all climatic zones, the northern regions are the Arctic belt, the southern regions are equatorial, the main part is under the influence of the sharply continental climate, which is characterized by cold winter with low temperatures and hot, dry summers. Precipitation mainly falls in summer time year, only in the Middle and Near East - in winter.

The distribution of natural zones is characterized by latitudinal zoning: the northern regions - tundra, then taiga, a zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe, a zone of steppes with a fertile layer of chernozem, a zone of deserts and semi-deserts (Gobi, Taklamakan, Karakum desert, the Arabian Peninsula), which are separated by the Himalayas from the southern tropical and subtropical zone, Southeast Asia lies in the zone of equatorial humid forests.

Asian countries

On the territory of Asia there are 48 sovereign states, 3 officially unrecognized republics (Waziristan, Nagorno-Karabakh, the Shan State,) 6 dependent territories (in the Indian and Pacific Ocean) - a total of 55 countries. Some countries are partially located in Asia (Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Yemen, Egypt and Indonesia). The largest states in Asia are Russia, China, India, Kazakhstan, the smallest - the Comoros, Singapore, Bahrain, Maldives.

Depending on the geographic location, cultural and regional characteristics, it is customary to divide Asia into East, West, Central, South and Southeast.

List of countries in Asia

Major countries of Asia:

(with a detailed description)

Nature

Nature, plants and animals of Asia

The variety of natural zones and climatic zones determines the diversity and uniqueness of both the flora and fauna of Asia, a huge number of the most diverse landscapes allows the most diverse representatives of the plant and animal kingdom to live here ...

North Asia, located in the Arctic desert and tundra zone, is characterized by poor vegetation: mosses, lichens, dwarf birches. Further, the tundra is replaced by taiga, where huge pines, spruces, larch, fir, Siberian cedars grow. The taiga in the Amur Region is followed by a zone of mixed forests (Korean cedar, white fir, Olginskaya larch, Sayan spruce, Mongolian oak, Manchurian walnut, green-barked and bearded maple), which is adjoined by deciduous forests (maple, linden, elm, ash), walnut , in the south passing into the steppes with fertile chernozems.

In Central Asia, the steppes, where feather grass, vostrets, tokonog, wormwood, and herbs grow, are replaced by semi-deserts and deserts, the vegetation here is poor and represented by various salt lovers and sand lovers: wormwood, saxauls, tamarisk, juzgun, ephedra. The subtropical zone in the west of the Mediterranean climatic zone is characterized by the growth of evergreen rigid-leaved forests and shrubs (maquis, pistachios, olives, juniper, myrtle, cypress, oak, maple), for the Pacific coast - monsoon mixed forests (camphor laurel, podocar, camellia, cunningamia, evergreen oak species, camphor laurel, Japanese pine, cypresses, cryptomeria, thuja, bamboo, gardenia, magnolia, azalea). In the zone equatorial forests a large number of palms (about 300 species), tree ferns, bamboo, pandanus grow. The vegetation of mountainous regions, in addition to the laws of latitudinal zonation, obeys the principles of altitudinal zonation. Coniferous and mixed forests grow at the foot of the mountains, and lush alpine meadows grow on the tops.

The fauna of Asia is rich and varied. The territory of Western Asia has favorable conditions for antelopes, roe deer, goats, foxes, as well as a huge number of rodents, the inhabitants of the lowlands - wild boars, pheasants, geese, tigers and leopards. In the northern regions, located mainly on the territory of Russia, in North-Eastern Siberia and the tundra, wolves, elks, bears, gophers, polar foxes, deer, lynxes, and wolverines live. In the taiga live ermine, arctic fox, squirrels, chipmunks, sable, ram, white hare. In the arid regions of Central Asia, gophers, snakes, jerboas, birds of prey live, in South Asia - elephants, buffaloes, wild boars, lemurs, lizards, wolves, leopards, snakes, peacocks, flamingos, in East Asia - moose, bears, Ussuri tigers, etc. wolves, ibises, mandarin ducks, owls, antelopes, mountain sheep, giant salamanders living on the islands, various snakes and frogs, a large number of birds.

Climatic conditions

Seasons, weather and climate of Asia

Features: climatic conditions on the territory of Asia are formed under the influence of such factors as the large length of the Eurasia mainland both from north to south and west to east, big number mountain barriers and low-lying depressions affecting the amount of solar radiation and atmospheric air circulation ...

Most of Asia is located in the sharply continental climatic zone, east End is under the influence of the marine atmospheric masses of the Pacific Ocean, the north is subject to the invasion of the Arctic air masses, in the south, tropical and equatorial air masses, their penetration into the interior of the mainland is hindered by mountain ranges stretching from west to east. Precipitation is unevenly distributed: from 22,900 mm, which fell per year in the Indian town of Cherrapunji in 1861 (considered the most wet place on our planet), up to 200-100 mm per year in the desert regions of Central and Central Asia.

Peoples of Asia: culture and traditions

In terms of population, Asia ranks first in the world, it is home to 4.2 billion people, which is 60.5% of all humanity on the planet, and three times after Africa in terms of population growth. In Asian countries, the population is represented by representatives of all three races: Mongoloid, Caucasoid and Negroid, the ethnic composition is variegated and diverse, several thousand peoples live here, speaking more than five hundred languages \u200b\u200b...

Among the language groups, the most common:

• Sino-Tibetan... It is represented by the largest ethnic group in the world - Han (Chinese, the population of China is 1.4 billion people, every fifth person in the world is Chinese);
• Indo-European... Settled on the territory of the Indian subcontinent, they are Hindus, Bihari, Marathi (India), Bengalis (India and Bangladesh), Punjabis (Pakistan);
• Austronesian... They live in the territory of Southeast Asia (Indonesia, the Philippines) - Javanese, Bisaya, Sunda;
• Dravidian... These are the Telugu, Kannara and Malayali peoples (South India, Sri Lanka, some regions of Pakistan);
• Austroasian... The largest representatives are Vieta, Lao, Siamese (Indochina, South China):
• Altai... Turkic peoples, dividing into two isolated groups: in the west - Turks, Iranian Azerbaijanis, Afghan Uzbeks, in the east - the peoples of Western China (Uighurs). The Manchus and Mongols of Northern China and Mongolia also belong to this language group;
• Semitic-Hamitic... These are the Arabs of the western part of the continent (west of Iran and south of Turkey) and Jews (Israel).

Also, nationalities like the Japanese and Koreans stand out in a separate group called isolates, this is the name for the population of people who, for various reasons, including geographical location, are isolated from the outside world.

Southeast Asia consists of the Indochina Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago. On an area of \u200b\u200babout 4 million km2 there are the states of Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, the Federation of Malay, Indonesia, the Philippines, as well as the possessions of Great Britain (Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei, North Borneo) and Portugal (on the island of Timor) with a total with a population of over 175 million people (Vietnamese, Burmese, Thai, Indonesians, Malays and other peoples).

The bioclimatic components of the landscapes of Southeast Asia have much in common with Hindustan, which simplifies the task of characterizing them. The same trade-wind-monsoon circulation, a slightly longer wet period, which, under conditions of equatorial circulation over Indonesia, extends for the whole year. Due to the significant dissection of the territory, the northeastern trade wind (winter monsoon) is more humid than in India. Therefore, the contrasts in humidification between the summer and winter seasons in Southeast Asia are less sharp, although here the southwestern monsoon brings more precipitation.

The western part of Southeast Asia is more humidified than the eastern one. In morphostructural terms, Southeast Asia is much more complex than Hindustan. It is characterized by the extreme dissection of the relief created by the Hercynian, Yanshan and Alpine folds. The alternation of ridges and depressions closely pressed to each other creates a variegated landscape: the windward slopes are densely forested, the depressions are occupied by savannas. The mountainous relief complicates the manifestation of latitudinal zoning and emphasizes the altitudinal zonation, which is better expressed on the outer steeper slopes. Since only a few massifs exceed 3000 m, high-mountain belts (nival and alpine meadows) are practically absent.

The natural division of Southeast Asia into two natural countries - continental and island is enhanced by the geographic location of the archipelago (with the exception of the northern part of the Philippines), as well as the south of the Malacca Peninsula in the equatorial belt, while the rest of the territory lies in the subequatorial belt. The south of Malacca, in terms of landscape, gravitates more towards the archipelago than towards Indochina. Southwest Asia unites the Arabian Peninsula, the Mesopotamian Plain and a narrow belt of the Syrian-Palestinian Mountains along the Mediterranean coast.

In the south of the peninsula, tropical landscapes dominate, in the north, subtropical deserts and semi-deserts. Only on the windward slopes of the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains under the influence of the humid Mediterranean air, as well as in the mountains of Yemen and Oman in the south-west and southeast of the Arabian Peninsula, are sparse forests growing, heavily cut down where they are still preserved.

The ancient Greeks called Asia the land over which the sun rises. This part of the world occupies 30% of the planet's land mass. Developed and poor states coexist on a vast territory. Asia is characterized by versatility in everything from living standards to cultural customs.

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Basic geographic information

The area of \u200b\u200bAsia with adjacent islands is 43.4 million km². It is located in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres of the Earth and covers almost all climatic zones. The land border with Europe runs along the Urals, and with Africa along the Suez Canal. Most of the land is surrounded by oceans and seas. Extreme points of the Asian part of the world:

• in the north - Cape Chelyuskin;
• in the south - Cape Piai;
• in the west - Cape Baba;
• in the east - Cape Dezhnev.

The major islands are Sakhalin, Severnaya Zemlya, Honshu and Taiwan. A piece of land called Sri Lanka is located in the Indian Ocean. Most of the islands are in the southeast. The Malay Archipelago, which includes the Philippine, Moluccas, Greater Sunda and Lesser Sunda Islands, settled there. Cyprus is located in the Mediterranean Sea. North Asia is known for the New Siberian Islands.

The shores are washed on all sides by four oceans and nineteen seas. The coastal line is heavily indented. In the north are the Chukotsky and Taimyr peninsulas. In the eastern part, the Korean Peninsula and Kamchatka settled. The peninsulas of the southern regions - Indochina, Hindustan and Arabian - are separated by the Bengal Sea and the Arabian Gulf.

Asia is deservedly considered a thriving part of the world. 48 countries are located on its territory. The population of 3 billion people is almost half of the total inhabitants of our planet. Population growth rates are high. A significant part of the people live on the coast of Hindustan, in the southern part of Korea and Central Asia. This land region is diverse nationality: all races of the world are represented here.

Relief

Mount Chomolungma (Everest)

The eastern part of Eurasia is located on the Caspian, Siberian, Hindustan and Arabian lithospheric plates... They are characterized by mobility, unlike European ones. Due to tectonic movements, the plains, for example, the Siberian Plateau, are characterized by uplands. Smooth surfaces are represented by the West Siberian, Indo-Gangetic and Great Chinese Plains.

The mountains of Asia are higher than in the European part. The most significant of them:

• Himalayas: the highest mountain range in the world. Mount Chomolungma, located in Nepal, is 8848 meters high.
• Ural: the length of the mountain range is 2640 km. It forms a natural border with Europe.
• Altai: highest region Siberia. Due to several periods, education combines all possible types.
• Kunlun: the longest mountain system on the mainland, 2700 km long. The chain originates in Tajikistan, passes through China and borders Tibet. It is characterized by vast depressions and volcanic formations.
• Tien Shan: Eia mountain system is located in Central Asia. It crosses the borders of Kazakhstan, China and Kyrgyzstan. The peak is considered to be the Pobeda Peak Mountain. Its height is 7439 m. The section located in Kyrgyzstan is of value for travelers, because the climate here is favorable.

The most powerful volcanoes are located in the Pacific rim: the Kuriles, Kamchatka, Japan and the Philippine Islands. Earthquakes are devastating here.

Deserts

Gobi Desert

The Asian deserts were formed due to the lack of rainfall. Unlike other continents, most of them are located in the temperate climatic zone. The territories are closed from the winds by mountain ranges. Of the many desert territories, there are:

• Gobi: the landmark of Mongolia is located on 1.5 million km². The surface is represented by salt marshes and sand. There are landscapes of stone and clay. Camels, bears and saigas live here. The territory is poorly populated by people.
• Arabian Desert: occupies almost the entire peninsula of the same name. Its area is 2.33 million km². In addition to dry air, strong evaporation is felt on the surface, so there are practically no animals and plants.
• Karakum: total area is 350 thousand km². Very hot air is saturated with dust. Because of this, the lands are unsuitable for agriculture... Animals adapted to the desert climate are nocturnal.

Inland waters

Glaciers of Central Asia play an important role in the nutrition of water bodies. Almost all rivers in Asia belong to ocean basins. The longest river, the Yangtze, flows in China. Its length is about 6300 km. Ob, Lena, Yenisei and Yellow River are dangerous in summer floods. Rivers overflow the banks for several kilometers and destroy coastal settlements. The reservoirs of the Indian Ocean basin, Indus, Brahmaputra and Ganges, are flooded in summer. They often dry up for the winter. The Tigris and Euphrates originate from the Armenian Highlands. They feed on melt water.

Most of the residual lakes, Caspian, Aral, Balkhash, are concentrated in arid zones. In the humid era, they were huge bodies of water. Baikal, the largest lake in the world, fills a tectonic depression. There is as much water in it as in the Baltic Sea. Van, Issyk-Kul and Tuz also belong to tectonic lakes. In mountainous areas, reservoirs are of glacial origin.

Climate

Köppen climate map of Asia

The weather conditions are very varied. In the north, the climate is extremely cold, in the central regions it is arid. The south and east are characterized by high humidity and heat. Due to the location of Asia in all climatic zones, solar radiation arrives unevenly.

In winter, a high pressure area forms to the south of Lake Baikal. Air masses diverge in all directions. Especially powerful streams go towards the Pacific Ocean. This is how the winter monsoon is formed. In summer, hot weather sets in throughout the territory, which forms an area of \u200b\u200blow pressure. The oceans are warming up less, forming a high pressure area. Air travels to the continent and creates the summer monsoon.

The change in air currents in the off-season is not felt only in southwestern Asia. In this area, dry trade winds blow from the mainland. On most of the land, seasonal changes in the directions of air masses are observed.

Flora and fauna:

Vegetable world

Asia is located in the temperate, subtropical, tropical and equatorial zones. The contrasts in flora and fauna are stunning. Conifers and larch trees grow in. The soil here is peat bog. The mixed forest area escaped the ice age. Here you can see Manchu walnut, bearded maple, aralia and buckthorn. Broadleaf forests have undergone mass felling... The remaining territories are represented by linden, elm, and walnuts. Sod grasses grow in the deserts, meadows have formed on the slopes. The foothills of the Hindustan mountains are covered with palm trees, acacias, sandalwood and teak. The fertile fields cultivate corn, cotton and peanuts.

Animal world

The relief, rainfall and climatic zones of Asia affect the diversity of animals and birds. There are many predators in this part of the world:

Asia is rich in mineral deposits due to its tectonic structure. Most of the oil and gas reserves are concentrated here. Eastern countries are the largest exporters of coal and non-ferrous metals. The north of China is rich in iron ore. Precious metals are mined in Siberia.

The South East supplies tungsten, iron, copper and bauxite. The Persian Gulf Basin lies in southwestern Asia. This region contains a huge amount of oil and gas. Phosphorites are mined in Jordan. The central region develops the extraction of fuel and energy resources. The bay of Kora-Bogaz-Gae has huge reserves of minerals.

Ecological situation

The main problem in Asia is high population growth in poor countries. Hence the shortage, uncontrolled plowing of land for agricultural land and the lack of treatment facilities.

Deforestation is another scourge. Two thirds of the territory is under the threat of deforestation. The soil is contaminated with toxic fertilizers. Uncontrolled fishing is threatening the extinction of many species. Industrial development leads to air pollution.

The region, and the planet as a whole, will be saved only by an integrated approach to problems. It can be achieved on the basis of a global partnership between the countries of the world.

The relief plays an important role in the climate formation of Asia, which in this part of the world is represented by deserts, high mountain ranges and closed highlands.

general information

Asia and Europe together form the largest continent on planet Earth. Asia is part of the Eurasia continent.

The peculiarity of this part of the Earth is that it is characterized by the most diverse climate. Almost all types of conditions on Earth are observed here: cold north, continental Siberia, monsoon east and south, semi-desert central and deserted south-west of the continent.

The peculiarities of the geographical position with a predominance of mountains over the lowlands, the compactness and vast size of this part of the world are the most important factors in the formation of its climate.

The location of Asia in the Northern Hemisphere at all latitudes determines the arrival of uneven solar heat to the surface. For example, the values \u200b\u200bof the total annual total radiation in the Malay Archipelago (equator) are approximately from 140 to 160 kcal per sq. cm, in the interval between 40 and 50 northern latitudes, it is 100-120 kcal per sq. cm, and in the northern parts of the mainland - about 60 kcal per sq. cm.

Climate of Asia overseas

In foreign Asia, tropical and subtropical, equatorial and subequatorial climatic zones are represented. Only on the border of Mongolia and China (northeast) with Russia and on the northern part of the Japanese Islands is the belt moderate.

It should be noted that most of foreign Asia belongs to the subtropics. It stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and is thousands of kilometers.

About the circulation of air masses

Air masses circulate over Asia in directions depending on the seasonal position of the centers of low and high pressure. Above the mainland, the most important center of atmospheric pressure in winter is the Asian (Central Asian or Siberian) anticyclone, which is the most powerful of all winter climatic centers on the entire planet. Dry and cold temperate continental air, spreading in all directions from it, gives several spurs. Particularly among them should be noted the Central Asian spur towards Iran and the southeast spur, directed towards China (East).

East Asia's climate is influenced by the monsoons. In winter, in the southeastern part of the continent, the largest pressure differences are formed between the warm ocean and the cold land, which cause the emergence of continental winter monsoon flows that are stable in direction and strength on the sea from land. This monsoon circulation covers Northeast and East China, the Japanese Islands and the Korean Peninsula. In the Aleutian Islands (North Pacific) in winter time the Aleutian minimum is formed, but for some reason it affects the climate of only a narrow coastline of northeastern Siberia (mainly the Kuril Islands and the coast of Kamchatka).

central Asia

An interesting fact is that in the Central Asian Highlands, winter temperatures are almost as low as in Siberia. Despite the more southern location, the temperature is not very high here, which is due to the high position of the area. The temperature here varies greatly during the day: hot in the daytime, cool at night.

What is the reason for such a climate in Central Asia? The tremendous height above sea level and the powerful wall of the Himalayas, blocking wet winds from the Indian Ocean, create a rather harsh dry climate in the northern side of the Himalayan mountains. Although Tibet is located at the latitude of the Mediterranean Sea, frosts in winter can reach sub-zero temperatures up to 35 degrees.

In the summer, the sun is very hot, while in the shade at the same time it can be cold. Night frosts are common even for July, and in summer there are snowstorms. In the summer period of the year over Southeast and partly Central Asia, the pressure drops and the temperature rises. In the direction of the center of the continent from the sea rush the masses of the summer monsoon, which bring a relative decrease in temperature and moisture.

The Central Asian basin in winter is characterized by the most low temperatures (-50 ° C). Very severe frosts come to Western Tibet. July temperature averages 26-32 ° С, and the absolute maximum reaches 50 ° С. The surface of the sand heats up to 79 ° C.

The climate of this part of Asia is characterized by large fluctuations from year to year in temperatures, sharp fluctuations in temperature per day, a small amount of atmospheric precipitation, little cloudiness and dry air.

The climate of the Central countries is especially beneficial for vegetation. Due to the dryness of the air, it is relatively easy to carry. The excellent climatic conditions of the mountainous regions are good enough to create resorts.

States included in Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan.

Southwest Asia

This wonderful territory is washed by the waters of the Black, Mediterranean, Aegean, Red, Caspian, Marmara and Arabian seas, as well as by the waters of the Persian Gulf.

The climate is tropical, subtropical continental and Mediterranean. The tropical one is characterized by minimal rainfall and high temperatures. Natural zones are represented by hard-leaved forests, deserts and semi-deserts.

Iran, Iraq and Turkey are the largest states in Southwest Asia. The climate here is great for spending summer holidays.

Most high temperatures in summer (hot plains of Arabia and Lower Mesopotamia) - 55 ° С. The lowest summer temperatures (northeast Hokkaido) are plus 20 degrees.

East Asia

This part of Asia occupies the eastern extreme part of the continent of Eurasia. It adjoins the waters of the Pacific Ocean.

Continental monsoons contribute to the formation of colder air in any zone of this Asian region than in other parts of the planet typical for the same latitudes.

The climate of East Asia is mostly monsoon. And this is a rainy, damp summer (80% of annual rainfall). Warm air masses come from the ocean, although it is cooler than on land. Cold sea currents move from north to south along the coasts. The warm lower layers of air above them cool down quickly, and therefore, ground fogs often arise here. The atmosphere becomes two-layer - the warm upper slides over the colder lower one, and precipitation is obtained.

The mechanism of the summer monsoon circulation is associated with cyclones caused by the contact of the warmest and coldest air masses.

When cyclones capture dry continental air from the continental depths, drought occurs. Cyclones born near the Philippines (far to the south) are quite pronounced. The result is typhoons, which are systems of hurricane-speed winds.

Territories of East Asia include China, Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula, the islands of the Yellow, Japan, and East China Seas, and partially the islands of the South China Sea.

Conclusion

According to travelers' reviews, Asia is an interesting, exotic place the globethat leaves a unique and unforgettable experience.

Western Asia has especially comfortable climate conditions for summer holidays, although all parts of the mainland have their own unique flavor and charm.

Author Methuselah Ameloshkin asked a question in the section Climate, Weather, Time Zones

natural areas Europe and Asia. (needed to compile a table) and got the best answer

Answer from Helga [guru]
Natural areas of Europe
Natural areas in Europe have a sublatitudinal strike. On the islands of the North. The Arctic Ocean is dominated by arctic deserts, on the plains from north to south tundra, forest-tundra, forests (taiga, mixed and broad-leaved), forest-steppe, steppe are replaced; in South. Europe - subtropical Mediterranean forests and shrubs, in the southeast - semi-desert. In the high mountains (Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians, etc.) altitudinal belts successively replace each other: forests, meadows and (above) landscapes of the nival-glacial belt.
Natural areas of Asia
All natural zones are present in Asia - from the tundra and arctic deserts on the Arctic islands and along the coast of the Arctic Ocean to rainforest on South. Huge northern areas are occupied by taiga, to the south it is replaced by steppes.
Deserts are common in the interior of Azzh (the most extensive and harsh desert of the temperate Gobi zone) and on the Arabian Peninsula.
Mediterranean vegetation is represented in the subtropics of Western Asia, tropical monsoon forests in the tropics of East Asia, on the Malacca Peninsula and the islands lying near the equator - equatorial forests.
see here for details! (remove spaces) h t t p: // ko sm op ar k. c o m / mat eri ki / prirodnie-zoni-azii

Answer from Alexey Sokolov[guru]
kutuzov's peer ... some tables for him))

Answer from Vlad Kiyanchenko[guru]
The largest number of geographic zones is represented on the territory of Eurasia, with its significant differences in latitudinal position. In the Arctic zone, a zone of arctic deserts with subzones of ice and rocky deserts and a cold desert type of mountain landscape is widespread. In the subarctic belt, zones of tundra and forest-tundra differ, in the mountains there is a tundra-cold desert set of altitudinal belts, in the east there are dwarf tundra forests. IN temperate latitudinal change of zones (forest zone with subzones of taiga, mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert, desert) is typical for the continental sector. In the sharply continental sector of Eurasia, where the areas occupied by mountains increase significantly, latitudinal zoning manifests itself mainly in the spectra of altitudinal zonality. In the transitional and oceanic sectors, the impact of the oceans causes a change in zonal boundaries. For example, on the East European (Russian) Plain, the zones change from northwest to southeast. The tropical zone is expressed in Arabia and the Thar Desert, where it is represented by zones of tropical semi-deserts and deserts. To the east, in tropical latitudes, the northern subequatorial belt is widespread with zones of variable subequatorial forests (mainly on the windward slopes) and savannas (mainly in the interior parts of Hindustan and Indochina). In the mountains of this belt, forest-meadow and forest-steppe spectra of altitudinal zonality are developed. In the equatorial zone (southwest of Ceylon, south of Malacca and the Philippines, the Great Sunda Islands), humid equatorial forests are represented. The Lesser Sunda Islands are dominated by the forest and savannah landscapes of the southern subequatorial belt... The economic activities of people have changed the natural landscape of the low-lying plains of South and East Asia, the oases of Central, Central and Western Asia, and the southern coasts of Europe. The territory of most of Europe has undergone radical transformations, and a significant part of Asia has been developed. The modern cultural landscape prevails in most of Europe, the Songliao plains, the Great China, Indo-Ganges, the Indochina peninsula, the Java islands and the Japanese archipelago.
Eurasia - arena ancient civilizations... Before the era of the great geographical discoveries, travel was casual, episodic and most often associated with trade and missionary activities. The North and East of Europe was mastered by the Normans and Slavs, Western Asia - by the Arabs and Byzantines, the central regions of Asia - by nomadic peoples, South, Southeast and East Asia - by the inhabitants of India and China.