The state is a multinational - the state consisted of various nations, nationality, historically formed on this ethnic territory. The state of multinational should be distinguished from the state of the polyethnic, which is characterized by the presence of many ethnic groups in the composition of one nation. For example, the United States is not a multinational state, since it has developed a single American nation consisting of a variety of ethnic groups.

Multinational states developed in various ways. In one case, this happened where the state cohesion of peoples occurred earlier than the formation of nations began and national movements for political independence were developed. Often this happened by conquest. So it was, for example, in Eastern Europe and in some regions of Asia. In Africa, the Multinational state developed most often during the colonial expansion. The typical multinational states should include India, Indonesia, Russia, Nigeria, Iran, Vietnam, China, etc. More than half of the world's population lives in multinational states.

The existing multinational states can be divided into two types: states with numerical dominance of one nation and the state in which no nation dominates others. Most of the multinational states relate to such where the dominant position of one nation is manifested. Usually they are more durable and stable in interethnic terms and less frequently susceptible to inter-ethnic clashes. According to the forms of the territorial device, Multinational states exist both unitary and federal. As a rule, in the state of multinational, multinationality is taken into account in the construction of state authorities in ethno-speaking policies, in the formation of power structures, social and cultural Life, etc.

the Russian Federation - The state is multinational, in which more than 140 peoples live. The most numerous nation is Russian, the number of which is 80% of the total population of the country. Characteristic for multinational Russia is the dispersed settlement of ethnic groups, especially in the republics as part of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of the regions are characterized by the predominance of the Russian population.

Multinationality is not a decisive basis characterizing the type of state, its social nature. However, along with the economic, political, spiritual characteristics, the sign of multinationality imposes an imprint on the historical destinies of the state and its functioning. As a rule, multinationality is an additional factor complicating the inner life of a multinational state.

With the right national policy, a democratic state is multinational able to ensure normal relations between nations, and Multinationality itself will not violate the stability and sustainability of the state.

See: State, State National, National Statehood.

Tavadov G.T. Ethnology. Modern dictionary-directory. M., 2011, p. 73-75.

states in whose territory there are various ethnic groups - nations, nations, national and ethnographic groups.

Historically G.M. Food was formed where the state cohesion of more or less extensive territories occurred before the formation of nations began and national movements developed (Eastern Europe, including Russia, a number of Asian regions). Often G.M. In the course of colonial expansion (for example, in Africa), in which many ethnic groups turned out to be disretened by the boundaries of different states. G.M. Approved as a result of intensive migrations (eg, in the USA). In the world, there are many G.M., among which India, Indonesia, Russia, China, Nigeria, Iran, Pakistan, Vietnam, Malaysia, etc. In the past major G.M. There were Austria-Hungary, the USSR, the former Yugoslavia, the former colonial empires. In the CIS, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan are mostly multi-substant. Part G.M. There are unitary (China, Iran, Vietnam, etc.), and others are federal (Russia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, etc.). In itself, multinationality is not a sign of the weakness and unvisability of the state, as eloquently shows the historical example of Democratic Switzerland, although it gives rise to a lot of additional problems.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Multiethnic state

the state in which none of the peoples living in the territory of this state has no dominant position. In other words, integrocational parity persists when no nationality can be considered an ethnic majority. According to international standards, the state is considered to be multinational when there are no ethnic groups that make up more than two thirds of the population.

According to Kuklovodov, the Russian Federation is a multinational state. At the same time, the data of any census will show that the Russian people constitute an overwhelming majority - more than 80% of the country's population. At the same time, if you consider together with Belarusians and Ukrainians, then all 85% will be. This is much higher than two thirds of the population, while no other ethnic community goes beyond 10%. However, the myth of the multinationality of Russia continues to impose from day to day. Everyone political figure He considers it to mention the multinationality and multicon confessionality of Russia, it even reaches the absurd when Judaism is declared the traditional religion of Russia.

Such a situation should make an idea that the power of the property projects their desires for reality. While Russia - national State Russian people with minor ethnic engines. But someone really wants to turn it into a multinational state, where any ethnic community will be balanced by other peoples. Thereby, ethnic parity will be achieved and a system of checks and counterweights is built, which will allow the power to be captured by anti-national forces arbitrarily for a long time, since any speeches on ethnic soil will be suppressed by other peoples. That is why purposefully driven into the consciousness of the alone of this myth to the aim of the goal so that he soon became a reality. Thus, this is one of the tools of the genocide of the Russian people.

Nowadays, at least 3000 ethnic units live on the planet, and there are only 200 more countries. This means that several nationalities live in many countries. There are quite a few such states, but in the article we will consider only the most multinational countries in the world.

India

This state ranks first is absolutely deserved, because it can be compared with a bright kaleidoscope from nations, tribes, castes and their cultural heritage. The modern multinational state was formed under the influence of other peoples, including colonializers. Although the British, under whose start, the most multinational country was for a long time, nevertheless had a minimal impact on its culture, in contrast to Afghans, Chinese and other geographically close peoples.

70% of the inhabitants make up Indo-Aryans - dark, with a more European type of appearance, often confess Islam or Hinduism. 25% - Dravida. This is the indigenous population filling the country before the appearance of Indo-Aryans. Almost all of the commitments of Hinduism. 3% - Mongoloid Race, whose culture depends largely on neighboring China, Nepal, Burma. We confess mostly Buddhism. In the south of the country there are some number of innoors, especially at the Andaman Islands.

The number of Indian population is 1.2 billion, it is only a little less than China's population.

This is a state South America Hundreds of years also formed a rich cultural palette in themselves. Moreover, according to statistical studies, representatives of all major nationalities living on the planet reside in this state. 54% of the population are white (Portuguese, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Arabs), 38.5% of mulatto, 6.5% black, 0.5% of Asians and 0.45% of the Indians representing the indigenous population.

In Brazil, there are more than one hundred different nationalities

Brazil is a fairly densely populated country, its population density reaches 20 people per square meter. m. But people are distributed in the territory very unevenly. Approximately half of the population lives only at seven percent of the country, mainly in the coastal region. Urbanization is very fast: if in 1960 less than 50% of the population lived in the cities, then in 2007, 85%.

Although this country has its own state language, its national composition is quite rich. The most numerous national group are yavantsy (42% or approximately 67 million people). In second place, the Sudanese, their 15%. Then follow Malaysians. Almost all of these people were born in Indonesia, but from foreign parents. The country is rich in both national groups, like a little-known Durcher, Budzhis, Betavi, Madurians, etc. From visitors, not indigenous, peoples are quite numerous Chinese, Indians, Japanese.

According to scientists, in Indonesia, more than 700 dialects are talking in

Our country has become a hometown for many nations, especially formerly as part of the USSR.

Most The population is still Russian, but the full list of peoples has no one ten.

The largest of them (more than 1 million) - Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashi, Chechens, Armenians.

There are small peoples living in the Far East, in Western Siberia., in the Volga region.

Peoples living at a distance from the central cities (Kalmyki, Nanice, etc.), adhere to old traditions and beliefs, contacting little with the main population.

80% of Russians live in Russia, and the remaining 20% \u200b\u200boccupy residents of different nationalities

In the territory of this densely populated state, 56 nationalities live according to the most modest counting. They are placed extremely unevenly. For example, Hanants across the country, but especially in the river basins Juanhe and Yansense. In this nationality, the time of centuries have a close relationship with neighboring nations due to economic and political factors; Therefore, it is Han that is considered not only the most common, but also the most significant population in the country. Uigurs, Tibetans, Koreans, Kazakhs, even Russians are also very widespread.

The number of small peoples living in China and do not even have the name, cannot count

This is one of the most multinational countries of Europe. Despite the fact that the main population is indigenous Turks, in addition to them, such nationalities, as the Greeks, Circassians, Armenians live here. The indigenous population - the Kurdis - remains in the amount of six million people. 8% of the residents of the state constitute the Crimean Tatars, which began to move here in the XVIII century. The Greeks lived here still since the Byzantine period, and this is hardly the only Christian community in Turkey, the Muslim country.

About 25 nationalities live in Turkey

This country is very attractive for immigrants from all over the world, this is justified by the variety of peoples in its territory. It is not surprising, because Canada has a high standard of living, a well-thought-out system of education, good ecology. It is a manit and our compatriots: in Canada there are large diaspora Ukrainians and Russians. In general, the national composition of the country was formed for hundreds of years. Even before the colonization, the tribes of the Eskimo and Indians lived here. In times of colonization, the advantage won the French.

In Canada, French is official

Nation is the highest unit of ethnicity, in contrast to a tribe or even nation. However, as the primary value of the nation goes to the background, because, in fact, we are all people - residents of the Earth, and the country is only a specific place of residence.

national Ethnicity Humanity

Depending on whether ethnic and state borders coincide or not, the countries of the world are divided into one-nation and multinational.

About half of the countries are odnation. These are countries whose state borders coincide with ethnic and main nationality is 90% of the total population. Their most in Europe, in Latin America, in the Middle East. These countries can be attributed to Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia., Egypt, most Latin America countries.

Multinational is countries within the state borders of which several ethnic groups live. They can be divided into four groups:

• 1) with a sharp predominance of one nation with more or less significant national minorities (United Kingdom, France, Spain, China, Mongolia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, USA, Australian Union);
• 2) binary (Canada, Belgium);
• 3) with a complex, but ethnically homogeneous national composition (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Laos);
• 4) with complex and diverse in ethnicity of national staff (Russia, India, Switzerland, Indonesia).

Conclusion

The people are a certain group of people who have a common range of historical signs - culture, language, religion, territory. Traditionally, a stable general sign of the people is his language. However, in our time there are cases when various peoples speak in a single language.

Now more than 60 peoples live in foreign Europe. Motion ethnic mosaic was formed several millennia under the influence of both natural and historical factors. Extensive plains were convenient for the formation of large ethnic groups. So, the Paris pool became the center of the formation of the French people, the German nation has developed on the Severogrerte lowland. Crossed, mountain landscapes, on the contrary, complicated inter-ethnic ties, the most motious ethnic mosaic is observed in the Balkans and in.

One of the most acute problems of modern - inter-ethnic conflicts and national separatism. The confrontation of Flemis and Wallonov in the 1980s. I almost led to the split of the country, which in 1989 became the kingdom with a federated device. For several decades, this has been operating the terrorist organization "This", requiring the creation of an independent Basque state in the territories of staying Basque in the north and south-west. But 90% of Basque oppose terror as a method of achieving independence, and therefore extremists have no popular support. The acute inter-ethnic clashes have been shaking the Balkans for more than ten years. Here is one of the main factors - religious.

Significant influence on the ethnic composition of Europe is provided. From the XVI to the beginning of the XX century. Europe was the region predominant, and in the second half of the past century - mass immigration. One of the first waves of mass emigration to Europe is associated with the revolution of 1917 in Russia, from where more than 2 million people left. Russian emigrants formed ethnic diasporas in many european countries: France, Germany, Yugoslavia.

Numerous wars and conquests were also left their mark, with the result that most European peoples have a very complex gene pool. For example, the Spanish people have formed on the launched centuries of Celtic, Romanesque, Arabic, blood. Bulgarians carry in their anthropological appearance of the indelible signs of 400-year-old Turkish dominion.

In the post-war period, the ethnic composition of foreign Europe complicated due to increased migrations from the countries of the Third World - former European colonies. Millions of Arabs, Asians, Latin Americans and Africans rushed to Europe in search best Life. During the 1970-1990s. There were several waves of labor and political emigration from the republics of the former Yugoslavia. Many immigrants not only arrived in Germany, France, Great Britain and other countries, but also assimilated and included in the official statistics of these countries together with the indigenous population. Higher and active assimilation of the seed ethnic groups lead to a change in the appearance of modern Germans, the French, the British.

National Composition of Foreign Europe