Reflection of cultural exchange in the media. »The role of the political factor in international cultural exchange - International humanitarian relations The importance of the political factor in international cultural exchange

1. The concept of multilateralism
cultural exchange.
International agreements in
cultural exchange.
2. The concept of "soft power" and
American-European relations.
3. International conflicts:
concept and reasons
14.Ethnic
stereotypes
in
international
cultural
interaction
5. Main sources and mechanisms
stereotyping
6.Competence
managers
international cultural ties
7. Documentation and the process of its execution
for
touring
activities
per
outside the Republic of Belarus.
28. Organization of reception of foreign
delegations
9. Sources of funding and work with
sponsors in organizing
international cultural events
10. Innovation management: goals and
tasks
3

Question 1 The concept of multilateral cultural exchange

The priority area of \u200b\u200bthe foreign policy of the Republic
Belarus is multilateral diplomacy and effective participation in
activities of international organizations. At the moment
the Belarusian state is a full member of more than 100
international organizations as universal in nature
activities and membership, and regional and
specialized.
United Nations
In 1945 Belarus became one of the founders of the Organization
United Nations. The republic has always been among those countries who
fought most vigorously to preserve the key role of the UN in
maintaining international peace and security, addressing other
pressing problems.
Regional organizations
The Republic of Belarus is a co-founder of a large
regional organization Commonwealth of Independent States
(CIS), which includes 11 countries of the former Soviet Union. The headquarters (Executive Committee) of this organization is located in
Minsk. Since March 1994, the CIS has had observer status at the UN.
4

Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan and Russian
The Federation are members of the Customs Union, which began
operate from January 1, 2010. Currently
the troika states are working to further deepen
mutually beneficial cooperation within the framework of the Common Economic
space, which was launched on January 1, 2012.
An important component of the foreign policy of the Belarusian state
is participation in regional security processes. First of all,
we are talking about Belarus' membership in the Collective Treaty Organization
security (CSTO), which, in addition to our country, includes
Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
Cooperation between Belarus and NATO within the existing
mechanisms of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) and
the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program aims to develop
constructive dialogue to strengthen European and
international
security.
5

Belarus is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. Together with its partners in the Movement, Belarus opposes the practice of applying double

Belarus is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. Together
with partners in the Movement Belarus opposes the practice of using
double standards in world politics, advocates building
fair
international
economic
order.
In April 2010, the Republic of Belarus acquired the status
Dialogue Partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
(SCO), which provides an opportunity to connect to
SCO activities in a wide range of areas, including
strengthening regional security, enhancing trade and economic,
credit and investment
and
banking
cooperation, effective development of transit potential,
education
and
row
others.
International
economic
organization
Integration of Belarus into the world economy directly depends on
interaction with various international organizations, in
primarily with the International monetary fund (IMF), Groups
World Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(EBRD).
6

INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL COOPERATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS (1991-2011)

http://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/17335/1/2011_4_JILIR_snapkovsky
_lazorkina.pdf
2016 in Belarus - Year of Culture
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http://kultura-svisloch.by/media/file/binary/2016/1/16/180129792800/2016fevral--edi-po-godu-kultury_pdf.pdf?srv\u003dcms
7

International agreements in cultural exchange. International cultural cooperation of the Republic of Belarus within the framework of the CIS and the Union State.

In multilateral cooperation of the participating States
Commonwealth of Independent States of increasing importance
acquires the sphere of cultural interaction.
By adopting the Charter of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the heads
states agreed that they create conditions for the preservation and
development of the cultures of all peoples of the member states and to achieve
goals of the Commonwealth build their relationships on the basis of spiritual
unity of peoples, which is based on respect for their identity,
close cooperation in the preservation of cultural values \u200b\u200band
cultural exchange.
One of the first documents in further development
cultural interaction within the CIS was the Agreement on
cooperation in the field of culture dated May 15, 1992. Taking this
document, the heads of government proceeded from the parity of inalienable
the rights of the individual to cultural identity, freedom of creativity,
cultural activities, satisfaction of spiritual needs and
introduction to cultural values. It should be noted that the Agreement
the availability of established collections, collections and other
cultural values \u200b\u200bthat form the library, museum and
archival funds of independent states, for citizens of states -
parties to the Agreement equally and on the same terms as for
their citizens.
8

This area of \u200b\u200bcooperation is not only preserved, but also
constantly improving and developing, keeping the traditional
friendship and brotherhood between peoples. Dialogue of cultures and cultural
policies are invariably reviewed by participating States
CIS as one of the most important factors in strengthening friendship and
trust between the peoples of the member states of the Commonwealth.
In this regard, a solid experience of practical
interaction,
and traditionally an important role belongs to the Council for Cultural
cooperation of the CIS member states. The council was
the Concept of Cooperation of States was initiated and developed -
members of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the field of culture and
Concept for the development of education in the field of culture and art
of the CIS member states, which are approved by the Council of Heads
Commonwealth governments May 19, 2011.
The main objectives of the Concept of Cooperation of Countries
Commonwealth in the field of culture are the creation of favorable
conditions for the dissemination of common humanistic values
peoples of the CIS member states, including tolerance,
friendship and good neighborliness, culture of peace, interethnic and
interfaith harmony, respect for culture, languages \u200b\u200band
traditions of other peoples.
9

10.

Good practice established within the Commonwealth
cooperation of states aimed at real formation
common cultural space of the CIS countries. In order to further
development at the recent meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth,
held on May 29, 2015 in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the leaders
governments of our countries have approved the main events
cooperation of the CIS member states in the field of culture at
2016-2020 years. This document, developed by the Council for
cultural cooperation of the CIS member states and
past
domestic
procedures
coordination,
unites eleven sections reflecting the main directions
and specific tools for the implementation of the Concept of cooperation in
the sphere of culture. It includes over 120 shares of international and
national character, providing a whole range of activities
on deepening interaction in the theater and concert field, in
music and library areas, as well as in areas such as
cinema, science, education, fine arts, information
activities and joint training.
10

11.

Strengthening mutual understanding and expanding friendly ties
between the peoples of Belarus and Russia, a broad and objective
information coverage of integration processes within
The Union State promotes the annual celebration on April 2
Day of Unity of the Peoples of Belarus and Russia.
Cross-border
regions of Belarus and Russia. An illustrative example of a regional
cultural cooperation of Smolensk and the Smolensk region with
regions of Belarus.
Of great importance in the preservation and development of cultural
space of the Union State has cooperation in the field
librarianship. In 2008, the Agreement on
cooperation between the Russian State Library and
National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus, in which
contains obligations to exchange exhibitions of books, posters,
samples of applied art, as well as experience in
ensuring the safety of rare and valuable library funds and
museum exhibits.
11

12.

An important social and cultural event was
creation in 2009 of the Union of Writers of the Union
state.
The Belarusian-Russian
cooperation in the field of motion picture art.
Russian filmmakers annually host
participation in the International Film Telephony Forum of Environmental
cinema "ECOMIR", International Film Festival
animation films "Animaevka" in Mogilev and
Minsk International Film Festival "Listapad". Show
the best works of Russian filmmakers on
tradition forms the basis of the data program
film forums.
12

13. Organizational structures and directions of international cultural relations of the Republic of Belarus with European countries.

Organizational structures and
directions of international cultural
relations of the Republic of Belarus with European countries.
If during the existence of the USSR, intercultural interaction
developed mainly with socialist countries, then after 1991
the republic began to establish cooperation with countries around the world
community, including the European Union.
At the state level, agreements were signed on
cooperation with Germany, Poland, Great Britain, Lithuania, Italy,
designed to expand knowledge about the culture of their countries, to promote cultural
cooperation and preservation of historical heritage.
Within the framework of government agreements, specialized
ministries, administrations of regional and regional levels implement
specific projects and initiatives. Only regional centers on
today we have concluded cooperation agreements or signed
agreements of intent with 49 cities of Great Britain, Poland, France,
Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Serbia, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Sweden.
Liberalization of the administrative system of the Republic of Belarus
contributed to the increase in the number of organizations of non-governmental
sectors implementing diverse projects in the field of education,
culture and art.
13

14.

This work together with Belarusian partners is carried out
Institute named after Goethe, Minsk International Education Center
them. Y Rau, COOO Italian-Belarusian Cooperation Center and
Education "Sardinia" (Minsk), Polish Institute in Minsk, etc.
The ability to independently establish foreign contacts
have received organizations and institutions of culture and education that
served to intensify the development of this direction. For example:
Belarusian State Academy of Arts from 1991 to
2011 entered into cooperation agreements with specialized
institutions from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Germany, Czech Republic,
Poland, Great Britain. Exchange of exhibitions, internships of students
and employees, conducting lectures, master classes and others
activities under these agreements contribute to
familiarization, adaptation and creative processing by Belarusian
masters of stylistic techniques and characteristics of European
artistic trends, the integration of Belarusian art into
European
informational
space.
14

15.

A new phenomenon in the cultural space of Belarus
became an active activity of representative offices of international
structures,
foreign
state
and
non-governmental organizations and foundations. The main goal
cultural and information
activities
foreign
institutions in the republic is the formation of a positive
ideas about their countries, about the culture of those living in them
peoples.
In the implementation of foreign cultural policy
official
authorities
Republics
Belarus
use
the possibilities of various structures of the Belarusian diaspora,
who have significant achievements in popularizing
Belarusian culture abroad. As an example, you can
bring the Museum of Belarusian Culture in Leimen (Germany),
F. Skorina Library in London, Belarusian Institute
science and art in New York and its branches in Europe, others
organizations and associations.
15

16.

Further
strengthening
cooperation
our
republics with European Union countries is confirmed
accession to the UN Convention on Education,
science and culture "On the protection and promotion of the diversity of forms
cultural self-expression ”. In 2013 Belarus joined
to the publication of the White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue,
approved by the foreign ministers of the member countries
Council of Europe at the 118th session of the Committee of Ministers in Strasbourg
(the book was translated into Belarusian).
Analysis of cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and countries
European Union in the field of culture and art shows
that intercultural interaction develops both on
state level and at the level of specific organizations
and private initiatives. Belarusian culture and art
constantly interact with European cultural
process, and this dialogue contributes to mutual enrichment
national cultures and strengthening the image of Belarus in
pan-European
community.
16

17. ISS RB with the countries of Asia and Africa

The Republic of Belarus has established diplomatic relations with
more than 80 countries in the region, and in 14 countries - traditional and
promising partners (Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Egypt,
Israel, India, Indonesia, Iran, China, South Korea, Libya,
Nigeria, Syria, South Africa, Japan) has its own diplomatic
representation. At the same time, Belarusian ambassadors
accredited in some countries concurrently, i.e. having
residence in one state, they perform their functions in
several countries.
The practice of working in various countries through
institute of honorary consuls. Interests of the Republic of Belarus
defended by the honorary consuls of our country in a number of countries
Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific,
including Australia, Israel, India, Jordan, Iraq,
Republic of Korea, Lebanon, Mongolia, Myanmar, Ghana, Nepal, Oman,
Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syria, Sudan, Philippines and
Japan.
Belarusian enterprises and organizations are actively involved in
international exhibitions and fairs held in countries
Asia, Africa and the Middle East.
17

18.

Relations between Belarus and India are at a high level. Our
countries successfully cooperate in trade and economic, scientific and technical, educational (including within the ITEC program) and other
spheres, provide mutual support within the framework of international
organizations and forums. The beginning of the investment
cooperation.
Belarus has developed a strong tradition of cooperation with
developing countries in education. In Belarusian universities
hundreds of future graduates are trained annually
specialists from Asia and Africa.
Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Belarus and
People's Republic of China were established in January 1992
of the year.
Cultural cooperation
Joint exhibitions and other events are held. In Minsk
there are two Confucius Institutes - at the Belarusian State
University and at the Minsk State Linguistic
university. The opening of the first (in 2007) was called
"Contribute to strengthening mutual understanding and friendship between
the peoples of China and Belarus ”; in 2011 the second institute was opened.
In addition, several thousand Chinese students study in
universities of the Republic of Belarus.
18

19.

With India. It has become a good tradition for the Branch
Of the International Center of the Roerichs in Belarus to hold round
tables together with the Society "Belarus-India", scientists and
public figures of Belarus on the topic of cultural
cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Republic
India (Round table “Cultural unity of Belarus and India”).
Every ten years a book by Indian
writers, and in the latest issues of the literary magazine "Neman"
new translations of literary works will be published
Indian writers.
With Iran. Iran presents its culture at the forum
"Slavianski Bazaar" in Vitebsk. So, for example, in July 2005 at
this international cultural event Tehran
miniaturist Alireza Agamiri opened his exhibition
paintings entitled "Iran - the historical cradle of art" and
even presented A. Lukashenko with one of his paintings "Iris" XVII. IN
November 2005 Iran took part in the XII International
film festival "Listopad" in Minsk, where the picture "Left, left,
left! " (directed by Kazem Masumi) won the prize for the best
script, and the film "Life" (directed by Golam-Reza Ramazani) received
awards
at once
in
three
nominations.
19

20.

It has become a good tradition for the International Center Branch
Roerichs in Belarus to hold round tables together with
Society "Belarus-India", scientists and public
figures of Belarus on the topic of cultural cooperation between
The Republic of Belarus and the Republic of India (Round table
“Cultural unity of Belarus and India”).
With Iran. Iran presents its culture at the forum "Slavic
bazaar "in Vitebsk. So, for example, in July 2005 on this
international cultural event, Tehran artist miniaturist Alireza Agamiri opened his exhibition of paintings under
the name "Iran - the historical cradle of art" and even gave
A. Lukashenko one of his paintings "Iris" XVII. In November 2005
Iran took part in the XII International Film Festival
"Leaf fall" in Minsk, where the painting "Left, left, left!" (dir.
Kazem Masumi) won the prize for the best screenplay.
With Egypt. In August 2004, a protocol was signed on
cooperation between the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and
Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research. In the same year there was
the Belarusian-Egyptian agreement on cultural
cooperation. In September 2005, Belarus held
Egyptian Culture Days, in April 2007 reciprocal cultural
events of Belarus took place in Egypt.
20

21. Organizational structures and directions of international cultural relations with the countries of America.

Most of the states of Latin America ended up in
a transitional phase of development similar to Belarus and in the long-term
in the future solves problems of the same type as the Belarusian state in
different
spheres.
IN
the basis of relations between Belarus and countries
Latin American region has a system of common values,
matching long-term development objectives.
An important stage in the development of contacts of our state
with the countries of the Latin American region was the visit of the President
Republics
Belarus A.G. Lukashenko to the Republic of Cuba. Row
mutually beneficial joint projects, a catalyst for the implementation
which was the meeting of the leaders of the two states, indicate
Tom,
what
in
Belarusian-Cuban relations
prevailed
pragmatic, constructive beginning.
21

22.

An important area of \u200b\u200bforeign policy
Of the Republic of Belarus in this region is
deepening all-round cooperation with
Venezuela, where in a short time it was possible
significantly strengthen and develop bilateral
relations. Here joint
various projects.
Full cooperation with the United
States of America in all directions
meets the national interests of Belarus.
The Belarusian side stands for development
bilateral interaction with the United States on
principles of mutual respect and equal
partnerships.
22

23.

An important place in the implementation of cooperation plans
was assigned to the use of modern technologies. Completed
Job
by
meaningful
filling
Internet resource
"Welcomes
Belarus",
oriented
on
lighting
interaction with compatriots. In order to expand
Belarusian
information
presence
started
broadcasting
international satellite TV channel "Belarus-TV", created
National State Television and Radio Company of the Republic
Belarus for foreign TV viewers, primarily for Russian and
Belarusian-speaking residents of the post-Soviet space. On air
information and information-analytical
programs,
socio-political
projects,
documentaries, history and culture of the Belarusian people,
sports, music and entertainment and children's programs. Since 2007
the channel's programs were rebroadcast to Europe, the Middle East and
North Africa. Since 2008, the TV channel "Belarus-TV" began broadcasting on
the territory of North America, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.
23

24. Intercultural communication through the UNESCO Education and Science Strategy

According to the Association of International Organizations, about 200
intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations are employed in
the sphere of international legal regulation of cooperation
subjects
international
the rights
in
sphere
science,
culture and health care. Of these, the most significant is
United Nations Educational Organization,
Science and Culture (UNESCO).
The Charter of this Organization was approved at the Ministerial Conference
education on November 16, 1945 in London. Articles of Association entered into force 4
November 1946, and this day is considered the official foundation date
UNESCO, which is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
The organization aims to contribute to the consolidation of peace and
international security through enhanced cooperation
peoples in the field of education, science and culture in the interests
ensuring universal respect, justice, legality and rights
person, as well as fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN Charter
for all peoples without distinction of race, gender, language and religion.
24

25.

UNESCO promotes rapprochement and mutual understanding of peoples
by using all media and recommends with this
aim to conclude international agreements, encourages the development
public education and the dissemination of culture, and
offers educational methods most suitable for
upbringing in children of the whole world a sense of responsibility free
human. The organization helps to preserve, increase and
dissemination of knowledge, publications and works of art.
In accordance with the UNESCO Constitution, each country creates
national commissions for UNESCO. Their task is to coordinate within the country the activities of organizations and
institutions of relevance to UNESCO's competence and
willing to participate in one way or another in the implementation of its
programs.
The main directions of UNESCO's activities are presented in
five program sectors: education, natural sciences,
social and human sciences, culture, communication and
information.
The governing
bodies
UNESCO
are
General
conference, Executive Board and Secretariat.
25

26.

Coordinates
cooperation
from
UNESCO
Interdepartmental National Commission of the Republic
Belarus for UNESCO (NK RB) (in Belarus 1956
g.). NK RB liaises between the government of the RB and
UNESCO, informs the organization of the needs and
priorities of Belarus in the field of education, science and
culture, provides consulting, information
and cultural assistance to state
management,
ministries
and
departments,
state
and
public
organizations
republics that work in the field of education,
science, culture and communication.
Commission
guided by
national
legislation of the Republic of Belarus, the charter and documents of UNESCO,
the statutes of the National Commission for UNESCO,
adopted in 1993, the regulation on the National Commission
for UNESCO, adopted by the Council
Ministers of the Republic of Belarus September 17, 1997
UNESCO's work in the field of culture is based on
promoting cultural diversity based on
human relationships. In 1972 within the framework
UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World
cultural
and
natural
heritage.
BSSR
joined
to
The convention
26

27.

in October 1988. According to the provisions of the Convention, the participating countries are jointly responsible for that part of the cultural and
natural heritage, which, according to the international
the public has a special universal value.
Also, the Convention is intended to complement and stimulate
national initiatives.
More than 800 are included in the World Heritage List
objects. The presence in it of monuments of a particular country
contributes to its international prestige and attracts
tourists, which is cost effective.
The World Heritage List includes sites
located on the territory of Belarus - National
park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" (together with Poland, 1992),
castle complex "Mir" (2000), "Architectural and cultural complex of the Radziwills' residence in
Nesvizh "(2005), points of the Struve Geodetic Arc
(2005).
27

28.

28

29.

,
the announcement of the inclusion of the ritual "Carol Kings" in the List of Intangible
cultures
29

30. Question 2 The concept of "soft power" and US-European relations. Nye, Jr. J. "Soft Power" and US-European Relations

Question 2
The concept of "soft power" and American-European relations.
Nye, Jr. J. "Soft Power" and American European Relations
"Soft" power is the ability to achieve what you want
based on the voluntary participation of allies, and not with
using coercion or handouts.
At the end of the 20th century, the American political scientist Joseph Nye
shared the possibilities in this regard
states into two categories: "hard" (hard power) and
"Soft" power (soft power). Under "hard power"
understood the ability to provide for their
foreign policy interests at the expense of military and
the economic strength of the country; under "soft power" the ability of the state to attract with its culture, its
social and political values.
30

31.

Using the concept of "strength" in his earlier works
Professor J. Nye, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
of Science of the US Diplomatic Academy, gradually developed
his own theory of strength, outlining it in his book "Soft
power "/" Soft Power "(2004). According to the theory he proposed,
"Soft power" - "the ability to convince others to want the same
do you want or as an indirect / co-optive method
exercise of power "
That is, "soft power" is the ability to receive
desired, attracting, not forcing. Therefore, you can do
the conclusion that "soft power" is not only, in fact, "influence"
(influence), but also "attractiveness" (attractive power). According to
J. Nayu, “soft power” resources in international relations
are all those methods that "inspire and attract" to
the source of the appropriate impact, allowing those who
seeks to control it, to achieve the desired result.
In this way, involving power is based on
attractiveness of ideas, and the ability to form
preferences are traditionally associated with intangible
resources such as culture, ideology and institutions.
Accordingly, the "soft" method of exposure is
counterbalance to the "hard" force that is usually associated with such
material resources, such as military power and economic
potential.
31

32.

According to Nye's concept, the first "pillar" of the American
resource base of "soft power" - attractiveness
American culture and lifestyle. The author points to
US leadership in terms of numbers
accepted emigrants, the volume of television production,
the popularity of American music, the number of foreign
students in the USA and the number of Americans among
Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry and economics.
The second "pillar of soft power" of the United States - American
political ideology that resonates with many
countries. In the understanding of most researchers, the main
US values \u200b\u200bare today liberal
democracy and market economy.
It is this normative and ideological complex of the United States and
trying to extend to other countries through
"Soft power", that is, without imposing them by force, but
offering them as a more attractive alternative.
For this, according to J. Nye, “the US State Department
should encourage cultural and exchange programs that
let you remind people of non-commercial aspects
American values \u200b\u200band culture. Television and
radio broadcasts of the US government to other states
should help build trust in America and
American soft power.
32

33.

In addition to the arsenal of "public diplomacy" in the concept
"Soft power" J. Nye also includes, for example,
"Diplomatic efforts" to resolve the crisis,
opposing them to the application of sanctions or military
strength ".
According to Nye's theory, the basis of "soft power" is
painstaking, everyday work "in the field", and not
“Outside”, aimed at building long-term
trusting relationship. At the same time, special emphasis
American political scientist makes on "activity
non-governmental organizations to lobby
interests of the state abroad ”.
Nye, in particular, believes that “from Hollywood to
higher education civil society does
more for introducing the US to other peoples than this
does the government. Hollywood often portrays
consumer society and violence, but it also promotes
values \u200b\u200bof individualism, social mobility and
freedoms (including freedoms for women). These values
do
America attractive to many
people abroad ”.
33

34.

Finally, within the framework of Nye's concept, the exceptional role
dissemination
"Soft
strength "
allotted
information communications. J. Nye conducts
connection between the information age and the emergence
"Soft power" as a "practical tool in
world politics ". He believes that the value of "soft
strength "in relation to military and economic
has grown in the information age “based on
rapid technological advances in communications and
computer support "
All these levers of US "soft power", from the point of view of J.
Naya, should be used to distribute not
by force, but at the expense of their own attractiveness
its principles such as personal freedom, mobility
and dynamism
society, competitiveness in
the formation of power and politics, openness,
becoming
line
national
character,
availability of higher education, political
culture of society.
34

35.

Europe is the most serious competitor
The United States in terms of soft power.
European art, literature, music, design, fashion
and cuisine has long been perceived in the world with
benevolent interest. Many countries in Europe
have a strong cultural appeal: from
ten most widely spoken languages \u200b\u200bin the world
half are European. Spanish and
Portuguese link the Iberian Peninsula with
Latin
America,
English
is an
generally accepted in the vast British Commonwealth, and
representatives from nearly 50 countries gather at meetings where
they are united by the French language.
Thus, more and more often they began to talk about a certain
balance of "soft" and "hard" power, which entered
international lexicon as "smart power" / smart power.
It is this new political phenomenon that should
the opinion of his supporters, to replace "soft power"
The United States, which failed to balance the "hard"
the country's foreign policy.
35

36. Question 3 International conflicts: concept and reasons

Can
highlight
some
major
reasons
international
conflicts:
imperfection
human nature; poverty and inequality in
welfare of peoples different countries; socio-economic and political system of states, level
its culture and civilization; disorder
international relations.
So, now international relations still remain
sphere
discrepancies
interests,
rivalry,
unpredictability, conflict and violence. Can
claim that international conflict is
collision of two or more oppositely directed forces with
the purpose of realizing goals and interests in conditions
counteraction.
The subjects of international conflict can be
states,
interstate
associations,
international
organizations,
organizationally
formalized social and political forces within
state or international
arena
36

37.

Understanding nature international conflicts and
finding ways to solve them requires, in addition to explaining
their reasons, finding out the depth and nature of the
conflict are largely achieved through their
classification common in the West, the traditional
typology of conflicts, according to which they are distinguished:
international crisis;
low intensity conflicts, terrorism;
civil war and revolution acquiring
international character;
war and world war.
37

38.

An international crisis is a conflict situation in which:
the vital goals of the actors are affected
international politics, for making a decision, the subjects have
extremely limited time, events usually develop
unpredictable; the situation, however, does not develop into an armed
confilict.
Conflicts
small
intensity
Relations
between
state and non-state actors quite often
overshadowed by small skirmishes at the borders, individual or
small group violence began to understand their dangers
only today. It lies in the fact that, firstly, such
the conflict can turn into full-blown. Second, for
modern military weapons, even a conflict of small
intensity can lead to great destruction. Third, in
conditions of close interconnection of modern independent states
the disruption of peaceful life in one region affects all others.
Terrorism. Its main goal is to resolve the dispute. Many
states support terrorist activities - Iran,
Libya, Syria. All of them deny their involvement in terrorism.
38

39.

Civil war and revolution are conflicts in
the state itself between two or more parties due to differences of opinion regarding the future order
this state or clan conflicts, in
civil wars, usually at least one of the belligerents
parties receive support from foreign political
forces, and external subjects of politics are often vital
interested in a specific result.
Modern conflicts have become one of the leading
factors of instability on the globe. Being bad
manageable, they tend to
growing, connecting more and more
participants, which poses a serious threat not only to those
who is directly involved in the conflict, but also to everyone
living
on
Earth.
39

40. Question 4 Ethnic stereotypes in international cultural interaction

The beginning of the study of ethnic stereotypes dates back to the 1920s.
This term was first used in typographic
to denote a set of an entire line or page
text.
IN
foreign
historiography
this
term
in
sociological significance first introduced into use
American publicist, journalist and sociologist Walter
Lippmann, in his Public Opinion, published in
New York in 1922. Lippmann did not share the concept
image, image, stereotype, did not single out foreign policy
stereotypes. For his research he used
sociological material and methodology.
U. Lippmann gave the first definition of a stereotype, which
he designated as an image existing in a person's head,
which gets between him and reality. By
according to Lippmann, the stereotype is a special form
perception of the surrounding world, which has
some influence on the data of our senses even before
of how this information will reach our consciousness.
40

41.

Ethnic
(National)
stereotype
–
schematized image of a people, ethnic
generality, usually simplified, sometimes imprecise or
even
distorted,
expressing
knowledge
or
ideas about psychological, behavioral and
everyday features of representatives of any other
nation.
There are other definitions of ethnic stereotypes:
1) The set of expectations for the characteristic
traits and behavior of representatives of social, ethnic
groups, whole nations,
2) A schematized image of one's own or someone else's ethnic
generality, which reflects a simplified and sometimes
distorted knowledge of psychological characteristics and
behavior of representatives of a particular people and based on
whom
is taking shape
sustainable,
emotionally
colored opinion of one nation about another or about itself.
The basis of the stereotype is, as a rule, some
a noticeable sign - skin color, character traits, external
features, demeanor, etc.: Italians -
eccentric and emotional, the British are thin,
Scandinavians are blondes.
41

42.

IN
culture
each
people
worked out
certain ideas about their own and other peoples.
These representations are the foundation of intercultural
communication.
Ethnic stereotype of the national character of the representative
a particular nation is a standard, in accordance with
by which a person motivates his own behavior and
expects a certain type of behavior from real
ethnic
prototypes.
Knowledge
ethnic stereotypes
national
characters
allows
build
assumptions about the causes and possible consequences
their own and others' actions, to correct behavior.
42

43.

Scientists identify several main types
stereotypes:
1. By the level of assimilation human consciousness allocate
opinions and judgments are distinguished among stereotypes.
Opinion stereotypes are stereotypes that are easy to
can be applied when new information arrives.
Stereotypes-beliefs are stereotypes that have
great motivating force, sustainability, which
can become a motive for human behavior.
2. By the perceived object, I single out hetero- and
autostereotypes. Heterostereotypes - representations
peoples about other peoples, ethnic groups (as
as a rule, negative characteristics prevail in them).
Autostereotypes are stereotypical ideas of peoples about
ourselves (positive qualities prevail here)
43

44.

3. In terms of quality, assessments are positive and
negative stereotypes. Typically stereotypes
are very complex phenomena that combine
signs of all of the above groups. Such
stereotypes are called ambivalent.
4. According to the degree of variability, some scientists distinguish
basic or modal stereotypes that are associated with
leading features of an ethnic character and do not change
under the influence of circumstances. Superficial stereotypes
- ideas about this or that people, which
due to
historical
factors
international relations, domestic
situation, temporary factors. They change into
depending on changes in the world, society, and how
usually associated with historical realities.
44

45.

His
the emergence
stereotypes
are obliged
intercultural or interethnic contacts,
when the most typical features come to light,
characteristic of a particular people or
culture, and depending on these characteristic
signs and qualities, they are divided into
group
(categories).
So
gradually
add up
ethnocultural
stereotypes,
representing
myself
generalized
ideas about the typical features characteristic
for any people or its culture.
On the basis of stereotypes, ethnic
image - a form of description of an ethnic group, in which
the most significant and typical
properties,
and
which
are based
on
sensory perception of one's own or someone else's
ethnos. The ethnic image serves as a standard, in
according to which a person motivates his
own behavior and expectations of others
people.
45

46. \u200b\u200bQuestion 5 Main sources and mechanisms of stereotyping

The formation of ethnic stereotypes is influenced by
influence of factors such as climate, territory of the country,
peculiarities of national character, life, religion,
education, family, social composition of society,
political and administrative system, historical
features of the life of society.
No less serious influence on the character of ethnic
interstate relations have stereotypes,
presence or absence of interethnic conflicts. So,
for Russians, the Germans have long been associated with
the enemy because of the long wars that these
peoples.
The mechanisms of stereotyping are due to
features of historical development, social and
political interaction and psychological makeup
people.
On
stretch
human
stories
there was a kind of polar attitude towards others
crops. On the one hand, this is interest in
representatives of other communities and cultures, on the other
parties, the desire to isolate themselves from the incomprehensible,
dissimilar customs, do not accept
their.
46

47.

A prerequisite for the formation of stereotypes is the ability
human thinking to consolidate information about homogeneous
phenomena, facts and people in the form of stable ideal formations.
Stereotypes contain social experience, they are a product
collective, group consciousness. On the formation of ethnic
stereotypes are also influenced by such a basic personality trait as
ethnocentrism, associated with the idea that one's own
the ethnic group is the center of everything, and everyone else
group around her, which in consequence forms a feeling
the superiority of their ethnic group over the rest.
Insufficient information about the cultural life of other peoples
is also a factor influencing the formation of ethnic
stereotypes, because the unknown in the minds of people quickly
overgrown with mystical rumors.
An important role in the stereotyping process, especially in
modern society, the dominant ideology is playing,
propaganda, art, media. Media information can influence
thoughts of people and replace their individual attitudes.
Another prerequisite for the formation of stereotypes is
psychological quality of a person, as the need to cope with
overloaded with information, to process and simplify it,
to classify into more convenient models, which become
stereotypes.
47

48. Question 6 Competence of managers of international cultural relations

http://repository.buk.by:8080/jspui/bitstream/123
456789/3701/1 / UPRAVLENCHESKAYA% 20KOMPE
TENTNOST "% 20V% 20SFERE% 20MEZHDUNAROD
NYIH% 20KUL "TURNYIH% 20OTNOSHENIY.pdf
48

49. Question 7. Documentation and the process of its registration for touring activities outside the Republic of Belarus.

http://repository.buk.by:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456
789/4085/1 / Gastrol% 27nokoncertnaya% 20deyatel% 27nost% 27% 20organizacio
nno-pravovyie% 20aspektyi.PDF
49

50. Question 8. Organization of the reception of a foreign delegation

In Belarus, even a stranger is accepted so
hospitable and sincere that he is gladly ready
coming back again and again. And when it comes to
carefully
prepared
admission
foreign
delegation, everything should be of the highest order.
At the moment, from the ability to win over
significant foreign business partner depends
the most important
component
commercial
{!LANG-c6d76f5343a2072989a31fff6552efc2!}
{!LANG-1439dbc7416aab17e458adfe65c4c6c0!}
{!LANG-0fc3af44a8fa75b35bfe44496f6f2fe8!}
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{!LANG-4124c7d5599e0fe73ae8a9df4d29f128!}
{!LANG-a2c6ec5f6ae8e15cb7be092a4faf0a9b!}
50

51.

{!LANG-60e685ff240967909dc80033ca3f8d9b!}
{!LANG-663629a3e0883b08ebb29f45548d3935!}
{!LANG-6831d8870d3e83a05abe2bba3164848e!}
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{!LANG-4ad6dac71d4096b2a6cb54dbc33a2241!}
{!LANG-8065b44883bbd8bf9761807b60facab1!}
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{!LANG-688b125c8e761cb427ba6294a2bcd1fc!}
{!LANG-3bdd4daf5f279a0b33f9726da6a78082!}
{!LANG-be301777e0c591e89279585da420865b!}
{!LANG-a1610a60d8319f9bf7c7793ac608c4d0!}
51

52.

{!LANG-117879751d4e5e4f718da7172cfb7314!}
{!LANG-8fc87c4fb7ccee32e3671ec88bcbf50b!}
{!LANG-e0434c4a6d66d70ea45804c14056ea66!}
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{!LANG-439e174d2e80b7aca7ed737965e249a2!}
{!LANG-6b81f06f8e6809df5abc187f67176454!}
{!LANG-a1506f89f7333685be24d5c505a324f9!}
{!LANG-072e960984bb63b86b14f7538d45252e!}
{!LANG-aa86cd04b28035ac7bdedfcee59113e4!}
{!LANG-9cbe699e9681c5f59e02df5f4296ade6!}
{!LANG-b2414eb5cf37533533fe6d8b1c311573!}
{!LANG-9ebc8f3339d4ba01d8db60759d177645!}
{!LANG-a2af14146ea78d900c24346ff1658311!}
{!LANG-5459478f0ca912b71f3a7b2503e14ca0!}
{!LANG-dc86ff5bdb865e05e3df1c5ae822358c!}
52

53.

{!LANG-72c2eb3a7d9aebfdfc35bdf60b282799!}
{!LANG-82318792f61eaa17d46f25bfff0947a7!}
{!LANG-f7ca3a2aafaa4dec17f163ca9e60b9ce!}
{!LANG-10b9e9ff7b87484b8b58d32c46cbf351!}
{!LANG-f5fcdfd21f39b07c81b8810070b61fad!}
{!LANG-0e3b5fb1bcb6ee39984ed2b3db004fad!}
{!LANG-02959ee7e864969b0752fb73d8ee1bf4!}
{!LANG-09b0862e9e621c0bf30effdb091227cc!}
{!LANG-7592909a60f6a5f7065d0f39f2a6b54f!}
{!LANG-59b0bb57110f9f4c96e529b784b157b8!}
{!LANG-f03b84ed4f0c83fbe884ea3adcf0512e!}
{!LANG-33582375af9f00cdc43c074096fa853f!}
{!LANG-af688a8f535199e88a462fcf7be6ebfe!}
{!LANG-4b92a0957328f7431d3e43e8f08be946!}
{!LANG-463906033b23a5ca3613d08cd3603a0d!}
{!LANG-12a5973f0dede54a2bb163598069c743!}
{!LANG-bd752efbc2f58b56226a0d58d14e3215!}
{!LANG-fdcede489a431a915e31f41965fdf40b!}
{!LANG-fbeb50b897c482a159f0c57ebecdef5e!}
{!LANG-541d2bcbcff77cec6eeb25eb8ea75576!}
{!LANG-3074ea566cc4ec9aca98997dbc2ce029!}
{!LANG-e81832f94033c24c07a20b944495396c!}
{!LANG-ff8ea2a46fcc8a1a6005cbf0cf716dd2!}
{!LANG-b4b45668698e22dfcc3bd71f28aa18ee!}
{!LANG-7d0cb58eb0a628cc3058dbcb9ab1ce1e!}
{!LANG-d38a85d68e712abeb31c1cb9afacd82b!}
53

54.

{!LANG-0f795d71538d5a4643c408af0f0e7014!}
{!LANG-71557a65ee83c3b3ead467040d7dc7b3!}
{!LANG-a077750c7499124065b99702a8d8cebb!}
{!LANG-0c93f13f07e45d722db47d09dc6f3ac0!}
{!LANG-329f8a56b3d4c29f1cefccec3d9d4bf6!}
{!LANG-b30072724cdc3caddc3ea80da6ad8eb9!}
{!LANG-a5a67cbe98e234dc2ecc985b2f6c91a6!}
{!LANG-145b255cb1d0df4f181f8bed34e99341!}
{!LANG-f727c3c4948beefb629689eb545c6a5d!}
{!LANG-671e815d6214d480d915aaedc566a4e4!}
{!LANG-91e6e015fe80d074a851bca64f2ecad7!}
{!LANG-f78e83286a14b979916fc6d7de1c1cd2!}
{!LANG-b38f9b0bf0135a3b03caa40ee5259efa!}
{!LANG-5859ed9d43bd6b580809e6ed98cd2286!}
{!LANG-d7ddcf43546307f1d6e1a25d71567b6c!}
{!LANG-6f9745c8b750a385cfcffb4b29fc0c54!}
{!LANG-6971816d639c9803d118de7305f9e33b!}
{!LANG-48ec1fec7159def17d112d0ef274a22d!}
{!LANG-c8dce40f5600927d5737caa8587c9df6!}
{!LANG-c70d83f3695adb01b0c52fb7558bed4a!}
{!LANG-b82ca2bb40f9d63900bcd841b86c5a88!}
{!LANG-7ff5cfeed3d449a44ed8561d1c750b55!}
54

{!LANG-5db553c0ab14ce8db382c178cf683b51!}

{!LANG-3e0a17ec091dca02891e3e70e7383397!}
{!LANG-8d22845a796e78fcdfd41a43daeb1849!}
{!LANG-4a7b66942d339ae4565dbc97386f67dd!}
{!LANG-fb764afc3da940723c5dc723790a42d6!}
{!LANG-b01fa35378a0d8ab252877a61620ad7d!}
{!LANG-7631c9c8fcc8d66cc21acec6aec9dc0b!}
{!LANG-f26b060a74ed562198860e956ec5cbd8!}
{!LANG-476a1dd631932e4f80cce31cdd3ad995!}
{!LANG-cf54ffdf3dbe12cebb763609936b55c4!}
{!LANG-19c0049e68ea4e6eb41b02a84dd5da55!}
{!LANG-58b36a5ad8853628bf71d10b94b34c6f!}
{!LANG-593eed3ddd5d9696d6509edad7ba4a7c!}
{!LANG-c30d4b234295f25fcd1ac323b4e9e494!}
{!LANG-25a6406ffdface43b6c556bcc2063c81!}
{!LANG-3bacd98179c40201658211c82edef2ea!}
{!LANG-c1bf52b8eb72f3c8250e4684f33178ce!}
55

56.

{!LANG-3075aef901d929802f7834e3fcb25377!}
{!LANG-8959b02d94b2590a319bdc25e6b1f8d3!}
{!LANG-2fa3661b545f8b7bb82b5ddb9ffb1396!}
{!LANG-a2bb2e750ce65d2197814b5ba3169d0a!}
{!LANG-cc72658541fbddbd2ec8fb6f3c4f1946!}
{!LANG-6c8b7ebe173b71d8e0a292f65cb2173f!}
{!LANG-93211000921dcbe13fc2c6f8d3205720!}
{!LANG-dd996a04180a15e36728acf45a933fd0!}
{!LANG-e08d0eb3c1576ec44c94fa9a8fb896fd!}
{!LANG-e3a83736078bcb25b0b897468595e13b!}
{!LANG-40f20666d36efff3eca812c5f42abfe9!}
{!LANG-933b864281d1c12a8e6482326971c60c!}
{!LANG-1a04dc502f32a8a1cf02098af0dae9b6!}
{!LANG-d77f4ff012eccff1fed21f5710774998!}
{!LANG-7ad6c7c2a3480e52c7276cc91cd7e425!}
{!LANG-c4927346e2f299555e6e21d95ae56b89!}
{!LANG-a90b0c46170bc82ae84ab37965258ead!}
{!LANG-c10e27196bc261f1d883c057e43defeb!}
{!LANG-fc681f284caaeee3eb6964ec8a5eb260!}
{!LANG-350abe689d3e37732f7d55db81359960!}
{!LANG-bb6aafcd8d6ba207948d503f3a934dd3!}
{!LANG-a44fa4498940f1198bbcbfae06ac2023!}
{!LANG-efc8ebbc0ce0c9ce4d039398115d9595!}
{!LANG-116ca67fc46e524b80ac69206ccb2fbe!}
56

57.

{!LANG-e01389e4882203933a1922c7b7258d36!}
{!LANG-aaddcb425b8d09890218e5ab1c2f7f09!}
{!LANG-1a739c3fc06adb930088239d1193c9a2!}
{!LANG-6d3cc089a23bb5a6d200016c67de756d!}
{!LANG-33f8b56159522b79d1500ff14a427501!}
{!LANG-92b2ff8f693fbbbdea94a46ed44cac1e!}
{!LANG-7643d5969781f45898eb6a0d7d22da99!}
{!LANG-2e3859680ff9318174676f2ca979484d!}
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{!LANG-27bc095528cc7f7b12086fbab3abba08!}
{!LANG-4e96f721df18210def1abe03c21078ce!}
57

{!LANG-c7f29741f27a9e92d33825a224faeafa!}

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{!LANG-d9479c1df2b6ef60b6eea1de3f153ea7!}
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{!LANG-e4a554eb8f6198202bcaedf67f859502!}
{!LANG-a13c9f430634a8f296a96cbf053e6703!}
between
{!LANG-0a229c33cd42910e5d5ddd856b5b96ca!}
{!LANG-f362a41b5a6534f7e037f20da7175399!}
{!LANG-378873150dafca03404bf20192616233!}
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{!LANG-8fc9f05315b086c5cc8c5dc55062e6f0!}
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{!LANG-fb71a0de0a987cb2c6c6b0a97627009f!}
58

59.

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{!LANG-01049fab64ff756cb05e96c773f745cc!}
{!LANG-d0203adaccbb9c2fbff2fdfd9a29aaba!}
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{!LANG-a5e88dca2748d4a64a3ee6907db210c0!}
{!LANG-7868ab4aedfc8b792521afb067cbaef6!}
{!LANG-81bff27536b2f92eded58d7552ea2ce8!}
{!LANG-b3fcd8777151e1393e23bb0b8d4acf7f!}
{!LANG-1be87e3663cc721307f44ef7dbb50c6a!}
{!LANG-75ec059226003fd838b1be04dec9e7ea!}
{!LANG-9fcdfd892b0519762c25c617d552bef8!}
59

60.

{!LANG-682f0e4a349cd7600c224d3d9463c1af!}
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{!LANG-eeb06f9bf6c9867ff3ef1369af9a81f7!}
{!LANG-ee59066426e5f986d5e7568ece2e8fac!}
{!LANG-966f97fb11f646aeb9c22a4c4a35cde1!}
{!LANG-27aa5616937407ceb74eaa6f71e2954d!}
and
{!LANG-35535c44315cc3c61a3c71b3087fb8c0!}
{!LANG-1730ccacf4d07f9cecce6a892ef44b5a!}
per
{!LANG-925af85acdb9f3a0492e51f940d301fb!}
{!LANG-45ff2673895fca6e083565c1883d60db!}
{!LANG-fc86a4f8f7fa9b7e123cf89f063226bd!}
{!LANG-5c40f3ac9345b6d3a248333ad34326c7!}
{!LANG-e722d37680ca5373fc3772f14a0b0255!}
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{!LANG-34a6a4936f831fee0ae88b7d75c0c29b!}
{!LANG-c3b80a17b323d2ec4a0390e5e9a26e2a!}
{!LANG-3b1c5bd157ad475a74b86b1c51ff3226!}
{!LANG-a70161a0f53022b5b18957535c1f3399!}
2)
{!LANG-537438d15f58ddd59f2022ccf894862c!}
{!LANG-eeb06f9bf6c9867ff3ef1369af9a81f7!}
{!LANG-23b2503657d08424f3d2459a31759103!}
{!LANG-0b0d1455b1815d8744aadd3f7341259c!}
{!LANG-c72799a61fe8ca6381dd1b880bc364d0!}
{!LANG-74475723591ad3eb337ed0866856f857!}
{!LANG-7aa1dc0e343955799f13fe845f043573!}
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