Where is Taimyr Lake located on the map. Lake Taimyr: interesting facts, photos, where it is located on the map, the origin of Lake Taimyr. Scientific research of the animal world

The most beautiful Zero Taimyr is located in the far north, on the peninsula of the same name in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The landscapes of these parts are a godsend for a photographer.

The area of \u200b\u200bthis huge lake is 4560 square kilometers: Taimyr is the second largest after Baikal (in the Asian part of Russia) in size. This is the northernmost large lake in the world - from the end of September to July Taimyr is covered with ice. Only 73 days a year, Lake Taimyr is ice-free, and if the year is cold, then even less.

In winter, the water temperature is slightly above zero, and in August it reaches a record + 8 ° C: you don't buy. There are no settlements near the lake, there is only a non-working meteorological station.

The coast of one of them is strewn with shallow bays and bays. South coast the lake consists of loose deposits of the Quaternary period, and the basis of the northern shore is made up of older bedrocks. In the western part of the lake, you can see the abundance of rocky islands, which give the lake a harsh look. The Taimyr region is located in the tundra, and this climatic zone is permafrost.

The average atmospheric temperature throughout the year is -13.5 ° C. The warmest month is July with an average temperature of + 12.4 ° C. For the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe lake, the formation of a snow cover is not characteristic, even despite the significant amount of precipitation: the flat relief and strong wind are to blame. During the summer period, there are often storms, due to which there is a significant turbidity of the water, because maximum depth the lake is only 26 m.

In winter, the region is characterized by an abundance of precipitation. In summer, the sun shines all day on the peninsula, illuminating the entire water surface of the lake with its rays. During such periods, the lake comes to life.

Lake Taimyr, despite its northern location, has about 20 different species of fish. The most widespread species are: whitefish, whitefish and muksun, but there are also burbot, vendace, grayling, omul.

The peninsula is visited by the following representatives of birds: geese, ducks, swans, falcons, peregrine falcons, Upland buzzards. To survive the winter, birds are poisoned in warmer places, returning only in the summer to reproduce.

Surprisingly, the lake lacks higher aquatic vegetation, despite the fact that individuals belonging to the Baikal as well as the marine water complex live in the water. Basically animal world and the world of Taimyr's vegetation are represented by the marine aquatic complex of living organisms: there are quite a lot of species that can be found on Lake Baikal.

Lake Taimyr is located on the Taimyr Peninsula, located between the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. There is an assumption that the word "taimyr" among the ancient Tungus meant "rich or valuable". Considering that the Tungus meant the wealth of lakes, they were right, since there are indeed a lot of lakes on the territory of the peninsula. Lake Taimyr is the largest and ranks second after Lake Baikal in size.

This lake is located at the foot of the Byrranga Mountains. From Lake Taimyr flows the river Nizhnyaya Taimyr, which flows into the Kara Sea, and feeds the lake with water from the Upper Taimyr, which carries its waters to the lake.

Taimyr Lake Map (click to enlarge)

Where is Lake Taimyr located? See the map above.

Lake Taimyr can be called a record-breaking lake, as it is the only lake on our planet, which occupies the northernmost position far beyond the Arctic Circle.

The lake basin of this lake was formed as a result of glacier activity, so the maximum depth of the lake does not exceed 26 meters.

The northern part of the lake is in the permafrost zone, so the reservoir has been covered with a thick two-meter layer of ice for more than nine months. Over such a long period, more than eighty percent of the lake's water surface freezes to the very bottom. Less than three months the lake is free of ice cover, but this period cannot be called favorable. At this time, storms and hurricane winds are raging over the lake. The northern shores of the lake are composed of rocks that are easily eroded. Therefore, in this part of the lake, landslides often occur.

Lake Taimyr, like most reservoirs in Siberia, is characterized by sharp drops in water level, reaching up to seven meters in the lake.

The northern position of the lake determines the temperature regime of this territory. The average annual temperature here does not exceed -13 o, and in July the most heat is only 12 p. In this region, polar night and polar day are common. Due to the harsh conditions, these places are not inhabited by people, so there are no settlements here. The only habitable place once was a weather station.

However, some representatives of the animal and plant world have adapted to the harsh conditions here. The waters of the lake are rich in omul, burbot, grayling and vendace; there are Siberian mason goby, muksun, broad and whitefish. Swans, ducks and geese, peregrine falcon and Upland Buzzards have chosen these places. During the short summer, the birds manage to raise offspring, and with the onset of cold weather they fly away to the south.

Only for two and a half months a year - from mid-July to the end of September - the northernmost lake of the planet on the Taimyr Peninsula is freed from the ice captivity.

There are no permanent settlements near the reservoir, only a lonely meteorological station is sheltered, once predicting snowstorms and frosts, and occasionally there are lonely dilapidated houses to shelter travelers and fishermen who come to Taimyr to experience the extreme Arctic and see the magical northern lights.

Territorially, Lake Taimyr is within the Taimyr reserve on the extreme northern span of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The nearest large settlements are Norilsk and Dudinka. The small village of Khatanga with an airport on the shores of the bay of the same name is the administrative center of the reserve and one of the main starting points of travel to Taimyr.

Climatic conditions of the lake

The harsh climate of the Arctic has an impact on the entire local nature. Long winters with frequent lingering snowstorms, short cool summers, almost no spring affect all life processes in the vicinity of Lake Taimyr. All living things are trying to develop, give offspring in the shortest possible time of the polar summer.

The average winter temperatures in the vicinity of the reservoir are over 13 degrees below zero, the maximum temperature is close to 40 degrees below zero. In summer, the temperature rises to an average of 12 degrees Celsius.

The water temperature in the lake in winter is a little over 0, in summer - no higher than 8 degrees Celsius. The bottom of the reservoir is located on permafrost, the water level changes significantly at different times of the year. In summer, the volume of water in the lake increases by 75%, correspondingly increasing the area of \u200b\u200bthe stretch to 30-50%. By winter, the water level drops from 6 to 1.5 m above the sea, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe water surface decreases from 4500 sq. km up to 1200 sq. km.

In winter, the lake freezes almost to the bottom, forming an ice layer of 2-3 m. Due to a decrease in the water level in winter, the ice cover is deformed: the process is accompanied by noise and crackling of bursting ice. In summer, strong winds almost constantly blow, sometimes raising a real storm on the lake surface with a wave of 1 m high.

Coastal relief

The outlines of the shores of Lake Taimyr are due to the location of the reservoir in the center of the peninsula on the border between the North Siberian, or Taimyr lowland, and the southern slopes of the Byrranga mountains. The length of the reservoir in the west-east direction is about 190 km, the width without bays is about 15-20 km. The lake fills a small basin, from which cracks in the earth's crust depart, watered by numerous bays and bays, the largest of them are Yuka-Yamu, Baikura-Nehru, Yamu-Baukura and others. There are about 10 islands in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe lake, the largest is Botlin, almost 4 m long. The north-western coast is steep, mountains with a height of 400-500 m come close to the water, slightly retreating in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Waiting Bay. Rivers and streams flowing down the mountain spurs form alluvial shoals. The eastern coast is gentle, only to the coast of the Yuka-Yamu Bay there are gentle slopes of low, up to 50-100 m, hills, the steep edge of the Turuza-Molla peninsula. At the eastern edge of Lake Taimyr there is a vast delta of the river flowing into the Yama-Nehru Bay. The southern coast is gently sloping, with several terraces, the coast of the Yuka-Yamu Bay is slightly hilly.

Several rivers flow into Lake Taimyr, the largest are the Upper Taimyr and Bikada-Nguoma, forming branched deltas with many branches and islets at the confluence, and also the rivers Severnaya, Zapadnaya, Yamu-Tarida flow into the lake. One water artery flows out of the reservoir (Nestor Kulik Bay) - Lower Taimyr, which flows into the Kara Sea.

Fauna and flora of the lake and coasts

The vicinity of Lake Taimyr is an endless tundra, which turns into a forest-tundra at the southern coast. Many believe that in the tundra, in addition to lichen - a group of lichens, which is used as the main food in winter reindeer, nothing grows. With the arrival of summer in June, the open spaces closest to the lake are transformed: cereal and sedge grasses turn green, polar poppies blaze with a scarlet flame, heat shines with orange blossom, alpine forget-me-nots and bells cover the tundra with a sky-blue carpet, cotton grass whitens with cotton balls. Small clumps of tundra bushes - dwarf birch, polar willow, spruce, northern alder - huddle in bends, sheltered from the wind. In the swampy deltas of the rivers flowing into the lake, whole meadows of berries grow - cloudberries, cranberries, crowberries; upstream in the river valleys, lingonberries, blueberries and blueberries are found in abundance.

Among the representatives of the animal world around the reservoir, the most numerous are reindeer, which migrate seasonally from north to south and vice versa, followed by predators - wolverines, wolves, polar foxes. Sometimes they come to the shores of the lake brown bears, lemmings, hares, ermines, foxes live off the southern coast, elk and musk ox rarely appear.

Many birds nest on the lake - sandpipers, geese, various species of ducks, red-throated and white-breasted geese, loons, gulls, wagtails, polar owls and sparrows live in the tundra near the lake, and occasionally a white-tailed eagle is seen in the sky.

Fishing and extreme tourism

Lake Taimyr is rich in fish. Despite belonging to the reserve, fishing in the reservoir is allowed from an inflatable rowboat or from the shore, it is also possible to use motor boats. Usually they fish here using spinning. The catch, as a rule, consists of good specimens of grayling, vendace, burbot, muksun, whitefish, char, perch, taimen, and a small amount of the Siberian subspecies of the sculpin goby.

In addition to fishing enthusiasts, those who want to test themselves in the extreme arctic conditions of the Far North come to Taimyr. Rafting on northern rivers and many kilometers of hiking on the tundra and to the Byrranga mountains is a real adventure for strong-minded and physically hardy people. In the Taimyr reserve, two tours are offered with a visit to the lake - "In the footsteps of Urvantsev" (rafting on the Upper Taimyr) and hiking "Byrranga Mountains".

No less curious are other options for recreation in the vicinity of Lake Taimyr: dog sledding and bird watching, walks to the settlements of the indigenous inhabitants of the Nganasan, Dolgan, Evenki, Nenets peninsula are organized for tourists, in April, participation in the holiday of reindeer herders - a grandiose entertainment event, embellished national flavor and ethnographic elements of the peoples of the North. In Khatanga, at the Center for the Problems of the North of Russia, the Arctic and Antarctica, daredevils will be offered a trip to the islands of the archipelagos of the Arctic Ocean and in the direction of the North Pole, as well as extreme drift on an ice floe.

Attractions near Lake Taimyr

Most of the tourist routes on the peninsula, including Lake Taimyr, begin in Khatanga from the administrative center of the Taimyr nature reserve. Very often, the weather does not allow to go along the route, and tourists see the interesting sights of a small settlement on the shores of the bay of the same name. First of all, the Museum of Mammoth and Musk Ox, which contains a large collection of materials about ancient animals living in the Far North, whose remains are found on the Taimyr Peninsula to this day, arouses curiosity. A visit to the Museum of Permafrost, carved out in a cave, is no less exciting. IN winter time under forty-degree frosts in the glacier "warm" - only minus 1 degree. Among the exhibits are 115 mammoth tusks and other curious finds.

The Natural Ethnographic Museum contains materials about the flora and fauna of the Taimyr Peninsula, objects of culture and everyday life of the Dolgans and Nganasans, and the Literary Museum of Ogduo Aksenova, a Dolgan poetess and the author of a primer, - an exposition about the life and work of a talented representative of one of the indigenous peoples of Taimyr.

Many are attracted by the Byrranga mountains, in translation from the Nganasan - "mountains from which rocky rivers flow down the valleys, where many mosses and lichens grow." One of the oldest and most northern mountain ranges of the planet suffers from severe erosion: being exposed to weathering, impact low temperatures, the slopes of the ridges are crumbling, so in the summer, there are many rockfalls and landslides near the northern shores of Lake Taimyr. The Byrranga Ridge stretches in the submeridian direction from the Yenisei Gulf of the Kara Sea to the Laptev Sea for over 1100 km. The highest point of the peninsula at 1146 m above sea level is located in the eastern part of the ridge. The Byrranga Mountains are known for a significant number of glaciers, among which the largest is Unexpected.

Where to stay

During the journey along the route, tourists stay overnight in tents that they carry with them. The necessary food is also taken on a trip in sufficient quantities - there is nowhere to replenish food supplies in the tundra. On the way of movement of groups, occasionally there are dilapidated wooden houses, upholstered with roofing felt, in which you can temporarily hide from the wind.

The transfer of groups to the area of \u200b\u200bLake Taimyr can be carried out from Khatanga by helicopter - an expensive method, but fast and depending on weather conditions, we often have to wait for the blizzard to subside and look for shelter in hotels in Khatanga: Polar region, Kotuy, Khatanga with prices ranging from 2500 to 3900 rubles per room.

How to get to Lake Taimyr

Russia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Taimyr District, Khatanga village

A trip to the lake is quite an expensive undertaking. There are no direct regular flights from Moscow to Khatanga. Eyewitnesses claim that you can fly on a charter plane, which departs 1-2 times a week, depending on the season. The cost of the ticket costs about 30-32 thousand rubles for one passenger.

Flights from Vnukovo and Domodedovo fly to Krasnoyarsk or Norilsk, and from there they get by air to Khatanga. The cost of air travel to Norilsk is about 29400-32700 rubles, to Krasnoyarsk - 20400-20800 rubles. From Krasnoyarsk to Khatanga, a ticket will cost over 15,000 rubles, from Norilsk - over 12,800 rubles.

You can get to Krasnoyarsk by train, in terms of time such a trip will last for several days. The price of train tickets ranges from 5,000 to 7,000 rubles in a reserved seat carriage. Then to Khatanga you will have to change to a plane. Flights may be postponed due to bad weather, which will have to wait in Krasnoyarsk hotels. According to tourists who traveled along this route, the costs are practically the same as by air transport directly to Khatanga.

The transfer of groups from Khatanga to Lake Taimyr is carried out by helicopter. All-terrain vehicles are not used - in the summer the permafrost becomes limp, and deep tracks remain from the tracks, which do not disappear for several years. This is unacceptable in the conditions of the reserve. Hardy and experienced tourists go to the lake on skis or dog sleds in winter, while hiking in the depths of the peninsula in summer take quite a long time.

There is no exact data on the origin of the word "taimyr". However, there is an assumption that it came from the ancient Tungus "tamur". This word means "rich, dear, valuable."

Located between Yenisei and Khatanga bays. There are many lakes on its territory. The largest of them is Lake Taimyr. This reservoir is the second largest after Lake Baikal.

Geographical position

Where is Lake Taimyr located? It is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, at the southern foot of the Byrranga mountain range. Is Lake Taimyr wasteful or closed? The Lower Taimyr River flows out of the reservoir. It carries its waters into which it flows a little to the west. That is why Lake Taimyr is classified as a waste water body. It belongs to the basin of the Arctic Ocean.

By and large, the lake is considered to be called the Upper Taimyr. The impression is that its waters fell into the earth's fault about one hundred and seventy kilometers long. After passing it, they began to flow further. It's just that the name of the river has changed - Lower Taimyr.

This large reservoir, with an area of \u200b\u200b4.5 thousand square kilometers, is the northernmost on the planet by its location. Lake Taimyr on the map can be found far beyond the Arctic Circle. Its northernmost point is located near seventy-fifth degrees north latitude.

The origin of the lake

The southern coast of the reservoir has low banks. They are composed of loose sediments. The nature of the coastal layers, as well as the average depth - only three meters (maximum - twenty-six), indicates that Lake Taimyr is of glacial origin.

Climatic conditions

The northern part of the reservoir is located in the tundra zone, where permafrost is widespread. Most time the reservoir is covered with ice. The thickness of the layer reaches two meters, and eighty-five percent of the water area freezes to the very bottom. The lake is free of ice less than eighty days a year. However, this period is characteristic hurricane winds and storms. Due to strong erosion, landslides often occur on the northern shores of the reservoir.

In winter, a large amount of precipitation falls in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lake. However, the snow cover does not allow the formation of wind and flat terrain.

During the summer period, the lake is characterized by a strong rise in water. It occurs due to the melting of the ice shell. Volume loss of up to seventy-five percent occurs during cold seasons. Water level drops in Lake Taimyr can reach seven meters. This is facilitated by the flat relief of the southern area. The same phenomena occurred during the Ice Age.

During the year, the average air temperature in the lake area does not rise above minus thirteen degrees. The warmest is July. In this summer month, the air temperature rises to twelve degrees Celsius. The territory where the lake is located is characterized by polar summers and polar winters.

Population of the territories adjacent to the lake

The places where the largest northern reservoir is located are not inhabited by people. There are no settlements on Lake Taimyr. There used to be a meteorological station in this area.

Flora and fauna

Despite the fact that the lake is located in an area with a harsh climate, it is home to twenty different species of fish. The most common are muksun, chir and whitefish. There are omul, burbot, grayling and vendace in the reservoir. There are very few Siberian mason bulls.

Geese, swans, ducks live on Lake Taimyr. The peregrine falcon and Upland Buzzards live in those parts. In winter, the birds fly away. They migrate to warmer regions. However, in summer they certainly return and reproduce offspring.

An interesting fact is that the lake lacks higher aquatic vegetation. And this is despite the fact that there are individuals that belong to the marine and Baikal water complex. Arctic fish are found in the reservoir - muksun, whitefish, char, etc.
There is no higher aquatic flora in the lake. In this regard, the food chain of the fauna is based on phytoplankton.

During the winter season, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water decreases sharply. This is due to the fact that in the summer, a large mass of organic matter enters the reservoir. Their decomposition makes the deepest basin inaccessible to fish.

Your adjustments to the animal and vegetable world the region is brought in by polar winters and polar summers. Plants develop faster due to the short warm period. The nesting period is accelerating. Chicks appear much faster than in others. In a short period of the polar summer, all living things strive to go through all stages of their development.

Scientific research of the animal world

The fauna, the habitat of which is Lake Taimyr, was studied for adaptation to the waters of Siberian reservoirs, the level of which also changes dramatically throughout the year. The studied representatives of fauna and flora belong mainly to the marine aquatic complex of living organisms. There are some species characteristic of Lake Baikal.

Representatives of marine flora and fauna appeared in the lake due to its communication with the sea through the Lower Taimyr River. The finding of these species is also explained by changes in the levels of the world's oceans in different historical periods.

Representatives of the Baikal ecosystem got into the lake thanks to the ice ages, when the hydrological regime of the entire region changed and large lakes were formed.

Holidays in an exotic location

Lake Taimyr is one of the few areas that has not been negatively affected by human activities. This is a great place not only for summer but also for winter holidays. Not only beautiful natural landscapes are pleasing, but also clear water and clean air.

Lake Taimyr is a fabulous resting place. There are cozy country houses not far from the Byrranga mountain range with magnificent gorges and slopes littered with huge boulders. Any vacationer can stay in hotel rooms or at a tourist base. Rest conditions will be quite comfortable.

It is unusually beautiful on Lake Taimyr in summer. During this period, the sun shines around the clock. Each person on the shore of the reservoir will feel great. Holidaymakers can ride bicycles and ATVs, play paintball, billiards, tennis, football and volleyball.

In winter, skiing, tobogganing and snowmobiling will enhance your holiday. It will bring a lot of positive emotions and help you have a fun and healthy vacation.

Hunting and fishing

For those who are fond of fishing and loves to hunt, Lake Taimyr will be one of the best places for outdoor recreation. This is a real treasure for vacationers. Despite the shallow depth of the reservoir, it is a wonderful place for fishing. Simple amateurs and experienced fishermen will take their souls, staying with a fishing rod on its shore. Lake Taimyr is teeming with fish. You can also use a boat. Fishing on the lake will be successful with both simple rods and professional tackle. The latter can be rented.

Active hunting is also incomparable in the lake area. It can be carried out on wild boar, seal, wolverine, beaver or Siberian roe deer.

Lake Taimyr (or Lake Taimyr) is located on the Taimyr Peninsula in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The reservoir is part of the Taimyr nature reserve.

Four rivers flow into the lake:

Taimyr, Baikura, Western North and Bikada-Nguoma. And only one Taimyr flows out.

Characteristics of the Taimyr lakes

Lake area

Taimyr Lake is the second largest after Baikal in the Asian part Russian Federation... The length of its coastline is 4560 km², the total basin volume is 12.8 km³. The average depth for the lake is only three meters, but the maximum possible is 26 meters. Also Taimyr Lake has a small height above sea level - up to 6 meters.

Water and air temperature

Many lakes in Russia are characterized by long winter stagnations, when snow covers lie on the coastal zone and the lake itself for a long time. Taimyr is no exception. The lack of movement at glaciers lasts more than six months, from October to mid-April, and sometimes to May. Therefore, the average air temperature in the area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir is +14 degrees in the spring-summer periods and about +6 in the autumn-winter.

Warm waves are not found in Lake Taimyr. average temperature the water in warm months is about +7 degrees, and if the summer is unsuccessful with prolonged rains and cloudy skies, then the water remains at +5 degrees. On average, the water temperature in Lake Taimyr does not rise above +8 degrees. In winter, the water is completely suitable only for swimming in the ice-hole, the thermometer shows from -3 to +1 degrees.

The nature of Lake Taimyr

The Taimyr reservoir is characterized by an increased content of fluorine in the soil, which creates a favorable soil for the development of planktonic organisms. At the bottom of the lake, various types of algae grow, ranging from blue-green and green, ending with diatoms. In addition to them, the lake contains crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic insects, zooplanktons (rotifers, cladocerans and copepods).

If we talk about fishing, then Taimyr Lake is inferior to its colleagues, where more than 40 species of fish are found. During warm periods, a lot of organic matter flocks into the water, which ultimately decays and makes the basin unsuitable for the life of many fish. Basically, the problem is observed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe basin, so fish can be found in other areas. In Taimyr, there are arctic species, for example, whitefish, polts, muksun, etc.

The flora and fauna of Taimyr is similar to the flora and fauna of Lake Baikal. More than 100 species of birds are also found here, some species are found here as migratory birds. The most common of them are: ducks, geese, seagulls, gray herons, waders, swans, herbalists. There are even eagles: golden eagle, burial ground, spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle.

Lake Taimyr in winter and summer

(Autumn on Taimyr)

This area is characterized by long winters and cool summers. In the spring and summer, the place of the warm sun is observed by local residents with regular precipitation, because more than half of the entire norm falls from May to August. The summer season is characterized by short storms and strong gusts of wind.

Snow lies here even in spring in March and April, starting to melt only in mid-May. December and January are the coldest months for this area, the air temperature drops dramatically, and blizzards and lingering snowstorms dominate the coastline.