From militia to police: reform. Police - a year. Reform continues How much did the renaming cost

On January 21, 2010, at a meeting of the Association of Lawyers of Russia with the participation of Interior Minister Rashid Gumarovich Nurgaliev, Sergei Vadimovich Stepashin said, without disclosing the essence of the innovation: “The public security police, as far as I know, will no longer exist. And, probably, the creation of a professional police is an absolutely correct decision ”.

This time, the authorities made it clear that they seriously intend to bring the reform to the end, and also decided to involve ordinary citizens in the drafting of the law. On August 6, 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, at a meeting on reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs, proposed the very next day to submit the draft law "On the Police" for general discussion on the Internet.

Then, on August 6, 2010, Dmitry Medvedev proposed to rename the police to the police.

We need professional people, employees who are efficient, honest and well-coordinated in their work. Therefore, I believe that the time has come to give the law enforcement agencies their name - the police.

Thus, on August 7, 2010, a new bill “On Police” was proposed (the same bill with the changed names “police” to “police”).

In general, the new bill is a continuation of the opposite policy of the one that was carried out in the reform of 2002, that is, even greater centralization. Institutions of the public security militia and criminal militia are being abolished. Unlike the police, which is partially subordinate to the authority of the subject of the federation, the police are not connected with the subject of the federation (according to the bill).

About 5 million people took part in the online discussion of the draft law "On Police", which is unique for Russia. As a result, the draft law, in comparison with the original form, has undergone significant changes related to the powers of the new structure. In particular, the provisions that police officers can freely enter the premises of citizens, land plots belonging to them, on the territory, land plots and premises occupied by public associations and organizations, as well as the most criticized "presumption of legality" of the police ( “The police officer’s demands addressed to citizens and officials and the actions taken by him are considered legal until otherwise established in the manner prescribed by law”), although, according to opposition politicians, this wording was only veiled and not excluded.

The bill was adopted in the first reading on December 10, 2010. Initially, it was planned that the new law would come into force in January 2011, then the terms were postponed to March.

Based on the results of the past nationwide discussion of the draft law "On Police" by citizens, representatives of the public, experts, a large number of useful and important comments and suggestions were formulated and presented. It is not surprising that the text of the document, sent by the President of Russia to the State Duma, has been substantially corrected - as it seems to us, its developers have certainly improved, refined in the interests of society and citizens. In general, both changes and additions can be grouped into several conditional semantic blocks that we would like to present to the public.

The Law of Ukraine "On Measures of Legislative Support for Reforming the Pension System" dated 08.07.2011 No. 3668-VI (hereinafter referred to as the Law), which introduces significant changes to the pension system of Ukraine, will enter into force on 01.10.2011. (with the exception of the provisions that relate to the accounting of the average wage for the last three years to determine the adjusted wage when assigning a pension (paragraph 11, paragraph 11 and paragraph 138, paragraph 17, paragraph 6 of Section II), which will come into force on 01.01 .2012).

The main changes introduced by this Law relate to the increase in the retirement age and the length of insurance required for the appointment of a pension. Thus, it is envisaged raising the retirement age:

• for women - up to 60 years old;
• for men working in the public service - up to 62 years old with the opportunity to hold a position up to 65 years;

increase in insurance experience :

• from 20 to 30 years old - for women;
• from 25 to 35 years old - for men;
• from 5 to 15 years old - for disabled people.

At the same time, the indicated increase in the retirement age will occur gradually by means of an annual increase by 6 months annually:

• for women, starting from 01.01.2012;
• for men working in the civil service - from 01.01.2013.

So, for women born before 01.10.1956, the retirement age of 55 years is preserved, women born after 01.04.1961. will be able to retire not at 55, but at 60, but for those who were born in the period from 01.10.1956 to 01.04.1961. raising the retirement age will be phased. For example, for persons born from 01.10.1956. until 31.03.1957, the retirement age will be increased to 55.5 years, etc.

Similarly, the retirement age will be increased for men - civil servants. So, for persons born before December 31, 1952. - the retirement age will still be 60 years old, and for persons born after 12/31/1955. the retirement age will be 62 years. For all who were born in the period from 01/01/1953 until 01.01.1956, - \u200b\u200bthe hanging of the retirement age will be carried out gradually, as for women.

Minimum pension by age and the required length of service is set at living wage for persons who have lost the ability to work. Maximum size cannot exceed ten living wagesestablished for persons who have lost the ability to work. A positive aspect of this innovation is that the restrictions on the maximum pension amount apply to pensioners who were assigned a pension before the provisions of this Law came into force. However, for persons who are just about to go out to work and whose salary level significantly exceeds the maximum level, the established limit is by no means favorable. In our opinion, only opening a private pension deposit in one of the banks will be able to brighten up the negative consequences of such innovations, which will be able to provide at least partial compensation for the loss of income.

Note that the above restrictions did not affect civil servants, which means that for them the size of the pension is still "tied" to the level of wages. However, the Law is still a minor "adjustment" to the size of the pension and for them. So, the pension will be assigned in the amount of 80% (and not 90%, as it was before) of the amount of wages from which a single contribution was paid for compulsory state social insurance, and until 01.01.2011. - insurance premiums for compulsory state pension insurance.

Another innovation of the Law is the possibility of increasing the amount of pension for persons who have reached retirement age. So, in the event that a person, after reaching this age, expressed a desire to continue working and receive a pension from a later age, the pension benefit will be calculated taking into account the insurance experience on the day of applying for his appointment taking into account the increase in size by the next percentage:

• by 0.5% - for each full month of insurance period after reaching the retirement age in the case of a delay in retirement for a period of up to 60 months;
• by 0.75% - for each full month of insurance period after reaching the retirement age in the case of a delay in retirement for a period of more than 60 months.

Thus, the possibility of increasing the size of the pension is provided only for those persons who continue to work and do not apply for an old-age pension. To do this, in our opinion, it is advisable for those persons whose size of the specified allowance at the time of reaching the retirement age does not exceed the maximum allowable amount and, continuing to work, they will be able to increase the level of their pension.

It should also be noted that the Law does not contain clear norms regarding obtaining working pensioners both pensions and wages at the same time. Today, it remains only to wait for the settlement of this issue by introducing appropriate amendments to the current legislation.

The bill, approved by the President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev, was preliminary put forward for public discussion, and after a number of amendments received from the population came into force in the spring of 2011.

Dmitry Medvedev: "The police must meet modern requirements"

Commenting on this topic for the Rossiya TV channel, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev noted that the point is not in changing the name, but in having an effective law enforcement structure. Dmitry Anatolyevich said that many questions had accumulated for the police: the legislation, the appearance, the methods of work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are still Soviet, they are outdated. The police (police) must correspond to the level of development of the economy and society, he stressed.
Medvedev also announced the need to change not only the legislation on the police (police), financing the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, including improving the material base, but also the symbol of the law enforcement agency, which is also the name: the police are voluntary formations to protect public order, if you recall history. Professionals all over the world are called the police. This is not about ideology, but about the statement of fact, added Dmitry Medvedev.

Vladimir Putin: "The main thing is to change the content of the work"

Vladimir Putin, being the head of the Russian government, said at the Bryansk forum "Development of Central Russia - 2011-2012" that "reforms in the law enforcement sphere are long overdue, and the meaning of Dmitry Anatolyevich's proposal was to change not the name, but the content of the work of these departments. , renew the staff, make structural changes, increase the level of material well-being of employees (up to 30-35 thousand rubles for beginners). " Putin said that the goal is correct, actions to reform the law enforcement agencies are in demand, and society should evaluate the changes based on their results, for which they need to work.

Khinshtein said about rash reductions of units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Russian State Duma Deputy Alexander Khinshtein said in one of his TV interviews that the main goal of the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was to reduce personnel at any cost by 22%, and the most efficient units - those on whom the maintenance of public order - the PPP - were subjected to the maximum reduction. Khinshtein said that the entire patrol service in the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was reduced by 24%, and even by 45% in the Samara region. According to the deputy, in the course of the reform, 970 departments of internal affairs were abolished, in 75% of cities and regions with a population below 30 thousand people there are no departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Khinshtein generally called the police-police reform campaign unsatisfactory precisely because of the massive layoffs of Interior Ministry officers in a number of units.
The leader of the LDPR faction in the State Duma, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, cited the number of police officers dismissed as a result of the reform - 200 thousand people.

How much did the renaming cost

According to preliminary official information announced by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the fall of 2010, more than 2 billion rubles will be spent on all procedures related to renaming the police into police. Just changing the badges of law enforcement officers should have cost half that amount. Another half a billion was planned to be spent on new plaques for the buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other symbols. The main expenses were due to the increase in salaries of employees - they were going to find 22 billion rubles for this.
At the beginning of 2013, at a meeting of the State Duma, the Accounts Chamber named the amount of activities aimed at reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs system at “over a billion rubles. The deputies confirmed that the aforementioned 1.125 billion was spent only on the manufacture of a new uniform, badges, seals, and certificates. The amount of 770 million was spent on renewal of documents and other needs.

It so happened that we live in a protracted era of change. The restructuring of society, which began in 1985 with the abandonment of the Soviet system in favor of democratic freedoms, continues to this day. 33 years have passed. Is this a lot or not enough to see the results of global changes? Let's try to answer this question by analyzing the police reform.

We are new, we will build a bright world ...

When, in the distant 80s, the Land of Soviets embarked on the tracks of democratic development and rushed into the bright capitalist future, no one could have imagined that in some 20 years the police would reappear in Russia. For a generation of people who grew up in Soviet times, the word police had a negative message, causing anger and rage. This is connected with the revolutionary past, when the tsarist police pursued revolutionaries, and with the war of 1941, when the policemen who served the German occupiers killed civilians.

But time passes, a new generation has grown up, which was not brought up on the glorious Soviet past, and therefore now the word "policeman" does not hurt the ear. Why did you change the sign? Who and why needed to reform the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2011? To be more precise, the preparation of the reform began in 2009 with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On measures to improve the activities of the bodies of the Russian Federation." This decree was a response to the outrages that were happening in the law enforcement agencies.

Police chaos

One high-profile case after another: the Russian media only managed to cover serious crimes in which police officers were the culprits.

2003 year. Six officers of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department and Lieutenant General of the Emergencies Ministry Vladimir Ganeev received 15-20 years in a strict regime colony. Since the beginning of the 90s, these guards of law and order, threatening with reprisals and imprisonment, robbed the entrepreneurs of the capital. The investigation found more than three million dollars in their safe deposit boxes. From this case, a stable expression came into use: werewolves in uniform.

2004 year. Moscow police sergeant Sergei Kostruba was sentenced to nine years in a strict regime colony. On the last day of July, a citizen of Tajikistan, Rustam Baibekov, was unlucky: he had to pay with his life for a ticketless metro ride. The zealous guardian of the order, having found a "hare" in the territory under his jurisdiction, demanded documents. Unfortunately, the detainee did not have a registration, and he still had the audacity to refuse to pay the fine on the spot. Without waiting for the trial and investigation, the sergeant sentenced the offender and immediately carried it out: he killed the free rider with a shot in the mouth.

2008 year. Three employees of the Saratov OVD were sentenced to 23 years in a strict regime colony. Being very drunk, the militiamen beat the citizen of Armenian nationality and doused him with gasoline and burned him alive for refusing to take the blame for the theft.

And the last straw was the high-profile case of the head of the Tsaritsyno police station Denis Yevsyukov. In 2009, while under the influence of alcohol, a police boss fatally wounded a taxi driver, opened fire on passers-by on Shipilovskaya Street in Moscow, but this seemed not enough to him. Bursting into the Ostrov supermarket, a distraught policeman shot the cashier and fired back at the law enforcement officers who had arrived for the arrest. As a result of the hostilities of the drunken major, two people were killed, seven were wounded, and the whole country was shocked. The court sentenced the former policeman to life imprisonment in a special regime colony.

Preconditions for the reform

The intensity of negative events, which cast law enforcement in an unattractive light, testified to the flourishing of corruption and the inability of the existing system to cope with modern realities. The reform in Russia was supposed to resolve the accumulated contradictions:

1. The law on the police, adopted in the 90s, did not meet modern requirements. Numerous amendments to the bill, which were introduced over the course of 20 years, have created confusion in the powers of the Department of Internal Affairs. The inconsistency of the responsibilities of various structures of law enforcement agencies led to ineffective work, duplication of activities and the performance of functions unusual for the police.
2. The law on the police and the acts that regulated the activities of law enforcement agencies often contradicted each other, which led to difficulties in their legal application.
3. Abuse of official positions and repressive actions against fellow citizens finally turned the population against the police officers.
4. The uncontrolled unlawful actions of law enforcement officers testified to the absence of clearly defined rights and duties, internal discipline, and strict selection of candidates wishing to work in the police department.

The legislative framework

Life made me face the truth: it can't go on like this. What is needed is not so much, maybe global, as real, working changes in the functioning of the law and order system. To solve these problems in 2011, Federal Law-3 "On the Police" was adopted, which clearly prescribed the following provisions:

1. The Russian police protect residents of the country, its guests and stateless people. 12 types of bodies are aimed at this: protection, prevention of offenses and investigation of crimes, protection, protection of victims, witnesses, etc.
2. The police reform affected the duties of the police officer. He must protect anyone in trouble. He is obliged to be attentive and polite in dealing with citizens. A police officer is prohibited from being a party member to maintain impartiality. Behavior during work and free time should not be different. The policeman is an example for citizens, etc.
3. Law FZ-3 "On Police" introduced a number of prohibitions. It is strictly forbidden to use torture, cruel actions and humiliation of human dignity against people.
4. The document specifically focuses on increasing public confidence in law enforcement agencies. The police officer is responsible for his actions. For violation of citizens' rights, the police must apologize, and the employee must be punished up to and including dismissal without the right to reinstatement.

Internet edits the law

An unheard-of thing was President Dmitry Medvedev's proposal to submit the law for public discussion on the Internet. As a result, more than 5 million Russian citizens took part in the controversy.

The people did not believe that there would be radical changes from a simple renaming of the police to the Russian police. When people expressed their opinion in the comments, this mood was clearly traced. But, despite the skepticism of the population, their opinion was heeded.

Articles were removed from the law that allowed police officers to freely enter the territory considered private property. The “presumption of police legality” also drew much criticism. So, in fact, any action by a police officer was considered legal until proven otherwise. Although there is no direct formulation in the law, the opposition believes that the presumption of legality is present in the document in a veiled form.

Reform sweeps across the country

Well, finally, we'll live: the law on police reform has been adopted and given for implementation. Now, as in the song, crime will decrease, and on the streets there are only polite and smiling police officers. But the flight of fantasy about a bright present will remain an unfulfilled dream. Let's not forget that we are in Russia. And the peculiarity of national reforms lies in the fact that they are composed by officials far from the life of ordinary people, and also in the unwillingness of the state to adequately finance those reforms.

There was only enough money to change the signs and raise wages ... "There is no money, but you hold on," Dmitry Medvedev's famous phrase describes the true situation with salaries. To account for the successful implementation of the reforms, police chief Rishat Nurgaliyev is organizing staff reductions. 22% of employees were fired, and the freed money was redistributed to the rest - a magical increase in salaries took place. At the same time, not a single additional penny was spent. Once again, Russians are convinced that any improvement in their lives comes at their expense.

What's happening? Police reform!

The consequences of the downsizing were immediately reflected in the quality of work. The volume of tasks performed has remained the same, and the ranks of employees who must solve them have noticeably thinned. As the police themselves noted, there is no time for smiles, there is a lot of work, some issues are resolved hastily and somehow. In addition, the police reform also affected education. Of course, the very idea that police officers have a law degree is a good one. But life shows something else.

Now, green and inexperienced university graduates are put in the place of police chiefs, and experienced and qualified personnel, due to the lack of higher education, remain in the wings. But this is not so bad. Many employees with rich experience have quit because they didn’t want to endure such injustice. And graduates of law schools, having worked for three months in unbearable conditions of a large volume of tasks and an eternal lack of time, also quit and prefer to find less nervous work.

Oil painting: despite the increase in salaries, people are in no hurry to get a job in the police. The shortage of personnel is palpable in those professions that work directly with the population: district police officers, investigators, interrogators, etc. But the staff of executives, press service, educational, medical, legal departments is fully staffed. Further more.

We wanted the best, it turned out as always

The police reform provided for a revision of the staff of law enforcement agencies. For this, it was decided to change the staffing table and re-certification of employees. These steps were intended to improve the level of skills and exclude unscrupulous police officers. The staffing adjustments were supposed to cut management positions and streamline the performance of executive staffing units. But there were no clear criteria for evaluating employees.

We wanted the best, but it turned out as always. In practice, the situation was different from what the ideal theory drew. The law on the police came out in February 2011, by July of the same year it was necessary to report on the results of certification and changes in staffing tables. Until May, the Ministry of Internal Affairs developed a standard staff, and in the field, the document was finalized until July. As a result, there was not enough time for certification. Okay, it was extended until mid-August. But in such a short time, if you approach the matter in good faith, it is physically impossible to certify all employees.

As a result, we ran at a gallop attestation events without understanding what to check, and the authorities managed to report on the work done in time. As it turned out later, the hasty staffing tables, which were done in a hurry, not only did not cut managerial positions, but also increased them, respectively, the number of actually working employees decreased.

Good intentions

The reform (from the police to the police) assumed that the work of law enforcement agencies should have become better, the negative image would remain in the past, and people's trust in the police would increase. However, the formal approach gave a formal result. There are, of course, changes: when you come for a certificate, you are first given a paper for signature, where you need to evaluate the activities of the police. How to evaluate it? An employee sits in the office and calmly issues certificates. Of course, the person will appreciate the work of this woman as good. Hence the positive numbers of social studies: the public's trust in the police has doubled, i.e., from 23% to 46%. Everything is formal again.

For example, in Georgia, after the police reform, people's trust in law enforcement officers increased from 5% to 95%, and these are real numbers. The secret is simple. They really wanted to change everything for the better, so they didn’t set unrealistic deadlines and didn’t require formal reports. All those who did not meet the new requirements were fired, and the newly enrolled newcomers were trained. They were imprisoned for 10 years for bribes. Several demonstration courts brought to the understanding that everything is serious. The bribes stopped. Thieves in law put everyone in one prison so that they could only rule themselves, and the rest left the country. Large funds were invested in the reorganization of the police: the patrol service received a fleet of new Skoda-Octavia and Ford cars.

Beautiful and comfortable buildings of militia departments have been built throughout Georgia. And the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the capital is striking in its size and design. New uniforms and state-of-the-art equipment of police officers have also raised their status. All at the expense of the state. And, of course, high salaries. The profession of a policeman is very prestigious, and you can't just get a job on it, you must pass a strict selection process. Thanks to the reform, Georgia is recognized as one of the safest countries. Drivers can leave their keys in the car and leave safely. No one will steal her. Forgotten things will wait for the owner at the place where they were left.

Future reforms

How not to remember the catch phrase: "Oh, it's a shame for the state!" Why can't we, or what, right? But hope dies last. The Russian government is making another attempt to carry out a global reform of the Interior Ministry in 2019.

The changes have two goals: reducing the management staff and reducing the cost of power structures:

1. The global reform is called because its implementation period is planned for 5 years. During this time, salaries should increase, the social security of employees should improve.
2. The merger of departments will reduce the staff of managers: the patrol service will connect with the traffic police, the issue of merging the prosecutor's office and the investigating authorities is being considered.
3. The reform of the police reduces some of the functions of the department: now the MFC will be in charge of issuing passports. Also, civil organizations will take on the responsibility of issuing a driver's license.
4. The auxiliary professions will lose their military status. Psychologists, accountants, forensic experts, and HR personnel will acquire the status of civilian specialists.
5. Medical personnel will go under the wing of the Ministry of Health. Medical services for police officers will be carried out under insurance policies, and the results of the medical commission on fitness for service will be more objective.
6. In order to save money and improve the qualifications of employees, the service life is increased from 20 to 25 years.
7. The Federal Penitentiary Service will become part of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The latest reform in government plans should significantly improve the work of the police. Life shows that the reforms continue, and they go with varying degrees of success. It would be great if the implementation of the new reform was carried out taking into account past mistakes, and was carried out not for show, but for the people.

In fact, it was this normative legal act that initiated a large-scale and deep reform of the internal affairs bodies. What is happening now in the most numerous law enforcement structure of the country, what caused the changes and how successful they are, Russian Interior Minister General of the Army Rashid Nurgaliyev told in an exclusive interview to Rossiyskaya Gazeta.

Rashid Gumarovich, in the course of the reform, was it really possible to replace the old law enforcement institution with a qualitatively new one? What is the essence of these changes?

Rashid Nurgaliev:Let me remind you that the beginning of the process of reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was laid by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev dated December 24, 2009 "On measures to improve the activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation." The active phase of reforms began on March 1, 2011, when the Law "On Police" came into force and the head of state signed seven decrees that directly determine the directions of reforming the ministry.

Yes, 2011 was a landmark year for the construction of a qualitatively new system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In addition to the formation of a fundamentally new institution for ensuring law and order - the Russian police, a legislative framework for its activities was formed, measures were taken to optimize the functions and organizational and staffing of the entire system.

An extraordinary certification of personnel was carried out and the personnel structure was renewed, including the management level, and the transformation of departmental staffing began.

The system of social support for employees, both during service and after dismissal, has been radically changed.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs gets rid of unusual functions. The separation from the main function - law enforcement - is minimized. A lot of work is going on aimed at changing the attitude towards documentation - reducing the volume of reporting documents to a reasonable minimum. This is very important, since citizens and organizations that apply to the internal affairs bodies are primarily interested in the final result. Unfortunately, until recently, our emphasis was very often set differently. Priority was given to reporting documentation, behind which the person and his pressing problem were lost.

In this regard, electronic document management is actively being introduced into the daily activities of internal affairs bodies, as well as advanced technologies that help to significantly increase the effectiveness of measures taken to protect citizens from criminal encroachments and protect law and order. This is enshrined in the norm. Article 11 of the Federal Law "On Police" defines not just such a possibility, but the duty of the police in their activities to use the achievements of science and technology, modern technologies and information systems.

The changes that have taken place in the activities of the ministry clearly confirm that the reform was not an end in itself, and even less the rebranding of the police into the police, not a change of the sign.

There are indeed problems, but we see them, and now our task is to purposefully work on these points, respond quickly and take measures to eliminate them.

Yet what is the main purpose of the transformation? How far has it been achieved?

Nurgaliev:The main goal of the reforms, which was determined by the head of state, was the creation of a new law enforcement institution that would meet all modern requirements, effectively resist emerging threats, and also meet the social needs and expectations of our citizens. The old model of relations between the internal affairs bodies and society, based on the priority of state coercion, has also become obsolete.

A very complex institution was changing, which remained for long years without transformations, within which many flaws objectively accumulated. Many once effective concrete methods, means, techniques and even principles of activity have lost their effectiveness to some extent. It was necessary to bring the system of functioning of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in line with modern concepts of building public authorities, to make the law enforcement system more effective, reliable and, naturally, even more focused on protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens. There was only one way out - to build a law enforcement body, new in content, that would meet current social conditions and a radically changed state. The police became such an institution.

As you know, in recent years a serious informational blow has been inflicted on the police and the internal affairs bodies. For each critical publication, we carried out an official check. And it turned out that the information was not always objective. Yes, we also have those who dishonor the honor of the uniform. And we identify such employees on our own, but for many years people have been working here not for interest, but for conscience.

The employees of the internal affairs bodies have written many heroic pages in our history. In 2011 alone, more than twenty thousand crimes were registered against law enforcement officers. On duty, 3602 employees of the internal affairs bodies and servicemen of the internal troops were injured. 322 employees were killed at the hands of bandits. Five were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia.

Already now we can say that the department, while still at the stage of transformation, is successfully solving the assigned tasks. This was shown by summing up the results of activities for 2011 at an expanded meeting of the board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Were there any global reasons for the transition from police to police?

Nurgaliev: The reform of the internal affairs bodies was due to a whole complex of reasons. First of all, by the fact that the citizens of the Russian Federation, having adopted the Constitution at a referendum in 1993, having consolidated the principles of building a legal and democratic state, having joined a number of international conventions in the field of human rights protection, made their choice.

The historical changes that have taken place in Russia over the past two decades have required a new definition of the place and principles of the activities of the internal affairs bodies in the changed socio-political structure of the state. The need for a new legal platform that would meet modern realities became obvious. The existing law "On the police" was repeatedly corrected, but this did not give the desired results. It never became a document meeting the priorities in the field of protecting the interests of the individual, society and the state.

One of the factors in the reform of the internal affairs bodies was the significantly changed crime, the emergence of new challenges and threats of the XXI century. We are talking about terrorism, extremism, corruption and transnational organized crime, crimes in the field of high technologies.

Therefore, the Ministry of Internal Affairs was faced with the task of reorganizing the department so that the system works according to the highest international legal standards, according to the most modern technologies, and effectively and professionally responds to new challenges and threats.

It was no less important to raise the prestige of the internal affairs bodies, to significantly increase the authority of the police and the confidence of the population in it.

The fundamental difference between the ongoing reform and all previous transformations was to create not just another modification of the power tool of state coercion, but a really law enforcement body aimed at protecting human rights and freedoms, reliably ensuring the safety of the individual, society and the state.

In what directions did the transformations take place?

Nurgaliev:There were seven main directions of the reform process. First, updating the regulatory framework. Secondly, the implementation of organizational and staff activities aimed primarily at relieving oneself of unusual functions, getting rid of unnecessary managerial links and increasing the role of operational services.

Humanization of the forms and methods of police work, the transition of relations between the law enforcement agency and society to a partnership model aimed at ensuring effective protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens has become an important area.

It took the creation and implementation of an effective system of control over police activities by civil society. An extraordinary certification of all personnel was carried out, which is important - under the leadership of the President of the Russian Federation. There was a legislative consolidation of the legal status of a police officer, the introduction of anti-corruption standards and an increase in requirements for professional and moral qualities.

And, of course, the reform of monetary allowances and an increase in the level of social protection of employees and pensioners, the establishment of state guarantees for family members of employees who died in the line of duty.

Which of these areas has caused the greatest difficulties?

Nurgaliev:Such a radical and large-scale reorganization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was carried out in Russia for the first time. Attempts to reform the system during the Soviet era were made repeatedly. But these transformations affected only the form, certain spheres of activity and concerned mainly its operational and service component. Local structural changes took place in the post-Soviet period, but they also cannot be regarded as reforms in the global sense of this concept.

But, as you know, "the beginning is half of any business." Therefore, the most difficult, perhaps, was the formation of a new regulatory framework. The difficulties were not even in the amount of work that had to be done, but in the fact that in the course of it the legal foundation of the future law enforcement system was laid. And we had no room for error.

Federal laws became the basis of the new police legislation - I will call them in abbreviated form - "On the police", "On social guarantees ..." and "On service in the internal affairs bodies ...". In addition to them, the updated legal framework for the activities of the internal affairs bodies consists of 17 decrees of the President of Russia, 19 government decrees and more than 800 departmental normative legal acts. And this work has not been completed yet. The scale and quality of our regulatory and legal activities is evidenced by the assessment that Russian President Dmitry Medvedev gave at the collegium at the end of the year, noting that the Ministry of Internal Affairs received a solid regulatory framework, which never existed, with the exception of the tsarist period.

The adopted acts will determine the direction of development of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the next few decades.

Has the reduction of personnel negatively affected the fight against crime?

Nurgaliev:The process of reforming the internal affairs bodies did not affect the results of operational and service activities. In 2011, employees of the internal affairs bodies solved 1 million 311 thousand crimes, a quarter of which were grave and especially grave.

The disclosure of the facts of intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm, rape, robbery, robbery, theft has increased. The officers of the internal affairs bodies have identified the perpetrators of 53 thousand crimes of past years, of which more than 15 thousand are grave and especially grave. A significant amount of search work has been completed. More than 100 thousand criminals were found. The location of over 62 thousand missing persons has been established.

With regard to the reduction of personnel - indeed, in accordance with the Presidential Decree of December 24, 2009 "On measures to improve the activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation", such a task was set. Within two years, the total number of employees was optimized by 20 percent, which meets the current needs of the state and society to fulfill the tasks of ensuring law and order and combating crime.

The decisions in each specific case were made by the heads of the territorial bodies, based on the available personnel potential and the emerging criminal situation. At the same time, the administrative apparatus and the subdivisions directly subordinate to them were reduced to the greatest extent, and to the smallest - the divisions that bear the main responsibility for protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal encroachments.

In addition, the rational use of personnel is facilitated by the widespread use of modern technical means and information technologies in protecting public order in general. For example, with the help of the Safe City hardware and software complex, 23,800 crimes and 17,200,000 offenses were disclosed last year. It allows not only to reduce the number of police officers involved in maintaining public order and ensuring public safety, but also to raise this work to a qualitatively new level. Representing a complex system of intellectual control over the state of the operational situation, personal and property security of citizens, traffic, objects of particular importance, the new system creates conditions for the most successful identification of people, vehicles and items on the wanted list, disclosure "hot on the heels" of robberies , robbery, theft and other crimes.

The complex is deployed in 80 regions and regions. In 366 settlements there are video surveillance subsystems, in 303 - monitoring of mobile objects. More than 119 thousand CCTV cameras were installed on the streets of cities and towns, of which 81 thousand were directly brought to the duty units of the internal affairs bodies.

Thus, in the course of the reform, the quality of law enforcement public services has increased significantly.

How many employees were laid off? What is the number of the police and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia today?

Nurgaliev:Over 226 thousand posts have been cut, or every fifth employee. The top management of the internal affairs bodies was renewed by almost half. In addition, almost 2/3 of senior executives have rotated from their previous jobs. In total, over 875 thousand employees of the internal affairs bodies went to serve in the police.

How do you feel about the fact that such a wide public interest was shown in the process of reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs?

Nurgaliev: In connection with the scale of the transformations being carried out, it is quite natural that the closest attention was paid not only to the expert community, but also to the public, the media and ordinary citizens.

We first encountered this when discussing the draft Law "On Police". At the initiative of the head of state, from August 7 to September 15, 2010, it was submitted for public discussion on the Internet. This allowed the society to really participate in its finalization. The website, specially created to discuss the draft law, was visited by over 1.5 million people. More than 33 thousand responses were received, most of which were taken into account when revising it. As a result, a document was submitted to the State Duma reflecting the position of lawyers, practicing professionals, representatives of human rights, public organizations, and the opinion of citizens.

Public interest in the activities of the internal affairs bodies, assessment by citizens is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of our work. That is why today new criteria for assessing the activities of the police are being introduced, among which one of the central places is occupied by the opinion of the population about the quality of work of the internal affairs bodies.

Last year, the police solved 1 million 311 thousand crimes, a quarter of which were grave and especially grave

The work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was often criticized for the notorious "cane system". Are there any changes?

Nurgaliev:At one time, the so-called cane system owed much to the entire system of criminal statistics, which was based on a comparison of quantitative data with the indicators of the previous period. Such a comparison was far from always justified. And the former narrow-departmental approach, associated with obtaining favorable statistics at any cost, has already changed to a criterion for the effective protection of the rights and interests of citizens.

Part 6 of Article 9 of the Federal Law "On Police" reflects new conceptual approaches related to the fact that public opinion is primarily taken into account when assessing the activities of the police.

On December 26, 2011, a corresponding order was signed approving the instruction and indicators of departmental assessment. Now, we judge the work of the police by such criteria as the effectiveness of activities according to departmental indicators, the results of a public opinion survey, the results of reports of officials of territorial bodies to the legislative (representative) state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, informing state, municipal bodies and citizens, the results of exits and zone control.

And the effectiveness of the work of territorial bodies is assessed in such main areas as ensuring the rule of law when receiving and registering statements and reports of crimes, investigating crimes, preventing and suppressing crimes, the quality of criminal investigation, compensation for material damage, the effectiveness of the implementation of legislation on administrative offenses, ensuring security road traffic.

Priority is no longer given to the figure as such, but to the qualitative characteristic, the result, which is composed of many factors.

What tasks did the President of Russia set for the Ministry of Internal Affairs?

Nurgaliev:Russian President Dmitry Medvedev at an expanded meeting of the board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for summing up the results for 2011 set before the ministry a number of tasks related to increasing the effectiveness of the fight against crime.

First of all, the ministry needs to ensure the quality work of the territorial departments and police stations. They are the ones who are closest to citizens, provide them with assistance and assistance. At this level, the attitude towards the police is formed. The partnership model of relations between the police and society, enshrined in the Law "On Police", presupposes a respectful attitude, which will be possible with the professional performance of one's duties, an attentive and benevolent attitude towards people.

In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen as much as possible the staff of territorial structures, especially operational police units and those who serve in public places.

For the internal affairs bodies, the task of state importance is the fight against corruption. In these issues, the head of state proposed to pay special attention to the situation in the housing and communal sector, where abuse, theft in some cases reached the level of "epidemic".

The police need to further strengthen their interaction with society, with the media, while more actively responding to investigations conducted by journalists.

There is an acute task of preventing and timely suppressing acts of extremism. There is no need to convince of the relevance of this issue for a federal, multinational and multi-confessional state, which is the Russian Federation.

The task of introducing fundamentally new methods and forms of combating crime has been set. Therefore, the internal affairs bodies must be equipped with high-quality equipment and specialists capable of using it effectively.

In general, the Ministry of Internal Affairs faces the most important task - to effectively protect the life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens, to combat crime, to protect public order and ensure public safety.

We have no time to swing. Society expects real feedback and concrete improvements from the police.

In today's issue of "RG - Week" read the continuation of the conversation with the Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia Rashid Nurgaliev. The minister said that the structure of the employee's salary has been changed. Its basis is the salary, which consists of the official salary and the salary for a special rank. Depending on the region, position and length of service, it increased from 1.7 to 2.1 times.

A brochure was prepared and sent to the field, in which the procedure for calculating and paying out money allowances for all categories of employees of the internal affairs bodies was detailed.

police and elections

Nurgaliev: In the last month alone, two expanded meetings of the Operational Headquarters of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the prevention of offenses have already been held, dedicated to the readiness of units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to maintain public order during the preparation and conduct of the presidential elections in Russia. Attended by representatives of the Central Election Commission, members of the Public Council under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Public Chamber, the Presidential Council for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights, the Commissioner for Human Rights Vladimir Lukin. In short, all the necessary security measures have already been taken.

Moreover, now we are faced with another problem - the safety of video surveillance equipment designed to ensure the integrity of the elections. There are already 14 known cases of theft of this equipment from polling stations. In 13 cases, they were detained, and in one case, suspects were identified ...

How will the police enforce the electoral legislation?

Nurgaliev: Methodological recommendations have been sent to all territorial bodies of internal affairs, which explain in detail the actions of employees on 11 compositions of administrative offenses of electoral legislation, referred to the competence of the Internal Affairs Directorate. At every polling station, there must be a senior officer responsible for maintaining order. And a special group will be on duty in the territorial body, which, if necessary, will arrive at the problem area to document the administrative offense. Let me emphasize that the policeman does not take sides - he strictly follows the law. If the observer - no matter from which public group - is accredited to a specific site, then no obstacles will be put to him. If a person “appointed” himself as an observer and tries to interfere in the work of the election commission, then, of course, he will not be allowed to do so. In any case, the decision is made by the head of the territorial commission.