The first associations were formed in Europe in the 14th century, when the first guilds of innkeepers were organized. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. syndicates, corporations and joint-stock companies were created uniting various enterprises; the process of initial capital accumulation in the hotel business was carried out.

In 1906, the Union of Hotel Owners was organized in London, bringing together 1,700 hotels in Europe. The trend towards pooling capital has contributed significantly to the creation and, consequently, the supply of better quality hotel services.

Consider the main factors influencing the desire of hotel owners to unite:

• the need for a full load of the hotel;
• ensuring compliance with equipment and equipment standards;
• high competition;
• market conditions;
• improving flexible personnel policy and training;
• creation of investment funds.

The main goals of creating an association are:

• exchange of information through mass media;
• creating an image among members of associations;
• representation at the federal (regional) level;
• preferential group insurance;
• periodic advertising campaigns;
• joint price control;
• assistance in improving enterprise management;
• protection of permanent members in career advancement.

Here are the most famous associations that are successfully developing in the hotel services market.

• 1. "HORTEC" (confederation of national associations of hotels and restaurants) - 1200 hotels and restaurants, 22 national organizations.
• 2. AN & MA (American Association of Hotels and Motels) - organized in 1910. It unites 70 American and 33 foreign national associations, 675 and allied enterprises. This association contributed to the emergence of the MAFO.
• 3. MAFO (American Association of Franchise Associations).
• 4. The Leading Hotels of the World (1927) - includes 315 luxury hotels.
• 5. "MGA" (International Hotel Association) is the leading international organization in the hospitality industry (founded in 1946). The main task of the IGA is to protect the interests of its members in international governmental and non-governmental organizations. For this purpose, regular research is being conducted in the field of international legislation, marketing, much attention is paid to the problems of hotel construction, their classification, and the effectiveness of capital investments. A special contribution to development international tourism and the hospitality industry was the adoption in 1981 of the International Hotel Regulations (see Appendix 3).

In most countries of the world, hotel chains and individual hotels have voluntarily formed national organizations to protect professional, industry and economic interests. hotel associations.

Russian Hotel Association (RGA)] established in 1997, its founders are leading hotels in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Ryazan, Irkutsk and other cities of the Russian Federation. It is a non-profit organization that unites hotel enterprises and other collective accommodation facilities, as well as manufacturers of goods and services of their day, financial institutions, educational institutions, etc. The main activities of the RSA:

• cooperation aimed at promoting the development of the domestic hotel industry, expanding and improving the quality of hotel services and promoting them in the domestic Russian and foreign markets;
• participation in the development of federal, regional and local regulatory legal acts that meet the professional interests of the members of the Association;
• the establishment and maintenance of intra-corporate relations that contribute to the expansion of business and professional contacts, the protection of the Russian hotel business, and fair competition;
• participation in the development and implementation of national and international programs and projects in the hotel industry;
• practical implementation of a specific program of action. In December 2003, the RSA became a member International Association

hotels and restaurants.

The Association is constantly expanding the scope of its activities, seeking to influence the development of legal, economic and social policymeeting the professional interests of the members of the Association, and the organization of favorable conditions in the financial and economic sphere of hotels (accommodation facilities). To achieve these goals, the RSA:

• participates in the development of legal regulations at the federal, regional and local levels on the development and support of the activities of hotel enterprises (accommodation facilities);
• conducts a comprehensive examination of the operation of any hotel (accommodation facility) or its individual areas with the development of specific proposals for real improvement of the hotel (accommodation facility) and increasing the efficiency of its financial and economic indicators;
• selects investors for the implementation of projects and programs, assists in the preparation of various documents, licensing of economic activities, certification of enterprises in the hotel and restaurant business;
• forms a base of producers of goods and services for enterprises of the hotel and restaurant business and concludes agreements with them on the provision of services to members of the RGA on a preferential basis;
• organizes practical seminars for members of the Association on legal issues, accounting, advanced hotel technologies, goods, services, etc .;
• organizes training and retraining of personnel at all levels of education in all professions of the hotel and restaurant business;
• participates in hotel and tourism exhibitions, advertising the activities of the Association and its members;
• organizes through the magazine RGA "Parade of Hotels" (sent to members of the RGA free of charge) information support of the activities of the RGA and its members; the magazine contains problematic articles, new legislative acts and other regulatory documents in the field of hotel activities, information about new technologies in the hotel and restaurant business, advertising of current and associate members of the RSA, advertising of goods and services for hotels;
• organizes work with travel agencies, travel agencies and tour operators to expand tourist routes to include hotels (accommodation facilities) of members of the Association, carries out any specific work at the request of a member of the RSA.

Federation of Restaurateurs and Hoteliers of Russia (FRiO) created by leading restaurateurs and hoteliers in Russia with the aim of developing the food and hospitality industry by consolidating all its enterprises into one powerful driving force to overcome the obstacles that hinder the development of the industry.

FRiO today unites more than 1000 enterprises of the food and hospitality industry in Russia of all levels and directions: gourmet restaurants and fast food outlets, clubs and entertainment centers, city hotels and suburban hotel complexes. Hospitality enterprises included in the FRiO are located in all regions of the Russian Federation - from Vladivostok to Kaliningrad and from Murmansk to Krasnodar.

The Federation includes not only representatives of large cities such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Kazan, Perm, Voronezh, but also regional Russia - Rybinsk (Yaroslavl region), Pervouralsk (Sverdlovsk region), Novokuznetsk (Kemerovo region), Orsk (Orenburg region), Magnitogorsk (Chelyabinsk region), Anapa and Gelendzhik (Krasnodar region), Noyabrsk (Tyumen region), Zavolzhye (Nizhny Novgorod region), Cherepovets (Vologda region), Kirovo-Chepetsk (Kirov region), etc.

The FRiO also includes regional professional associations:

• 1) Association of Restaurateurs and Hoteliers of the Nizhny Novgorod Region;
• 2) Association of Restaurateurs and Hoteliers of Kazan and the Republic of Tatarstan;
• 3) Association of restaurateurs of the city of Chelyabinsk (Chelyabinsk);
• 4) Far Eastern Association of Restaurateurs and Hoteliers (Vladivostok);
• 5) Moscow Regional Hotel Association (Moscow);
• 6) Ryazan Association of Restaurateurs and Hoteliers (Ryazan);
• 7) Siberian Hospitality Association (Krasnoyarsk);
• 8) Federation of Restaurateurs and Hoteliers of Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan.

It was founded on March 18, 1946 in London at the initiative of the Swiss Society of Hotel Owners. It was formed by combining the functions of the International Association of Hotel Workers, founded in 1869 and the International Hotel Union, founded in 1921. The Charter and the existing principles of activity entered into force on January 1, 1978. It unites about 80 national hotel associations. The total number of members of the International Hotel Association reaches 4500 from 145 countries of the world.

The objectives of the association are: development of cooperation between national hotel associations of all countries of the world, protection of personal and professional interests of its members, study of the problems of the global hotel industry and international tourism, participation in the development of the hotel industry, assistance in the study of professional issues related to management, international financial settlements , insurance, currency exchange, staff working conditions, creation of qualification systems, publication and exchange of information and reference materials, provision of commercial information and assistance in settling financial settlements with travel companies.

The activities of the International Hotel Association are focused on the study of problems related to legal aspects and legislation, technological development, marketing, professional training in the hotel industry. Protects and defends the interests of the tourism sector in intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. The members of the association receive information about the rights and obligations in their business relations with travel agencies, exchange experience in the field of the latest technologies and services. The Association organizes annual study tours and programs, special seminars.

The Association is actively involved in publishing: a newspaper about news in the industry is published (published twice a month), annual directories: an international hotel guide - International Hotel Guide, an international register of travel agencies - World Directory of Travel Agencies, an international register of hotels and restaurants - Hotels and Restaurants International. These publications allow all companies and organizations to navigate the hospitality and tourism industry, using the detailed information provided in reference books and specialized registers. Russian travel companies have long appreciated the usefulness of these publications and use them successfully in their work.

The General Congress of the International Hotel Association, convened every 2 years, is the governing body. Administrative bodies - executive committee and council. The day-to-day work is done by the secretariat.

International Hotel Association (IHA)

The International Hotel Association (IHA), the leading international organization in the hospitality sector, was founded in 1946. The main task of the IHA is to protect the interests of its members in international governmental and non-governmental organizations. For this purpose, regular research is carried out in the field of international legislation, in the field of marketing, much attention is paid to the problems of hotel construction, their classification, and the effectiveness of capital investments.

A special contribution to the development of international tourism and the hotel industry was the adoption of the International Hotel Regulations in 1981. In most countries of the world, hotel chains and individual hotels have formed national hotel associations on a voluntary basis to protect professional, industry and economic interests.

The Russian Hotel Association (RGA) was founded in 1997, its founders are the leading hotels in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Ryazan, Irkutsk and other cities Russian Federation... RGA is a non-profit organization that unites hotel enterprises and other collective accommodation facilities, as well as manufacturers of goods and services for them, financial institutions, educational institutions, etc.

The main activities of the RSA:

¦ cooperation aimed at promoting the development of the domestic hotel industry, expanding and improving the quality of hotel services and promoting them to domestic and foreign markets;

¦ participation in the development of federal, regional and local regulatory legal acts that meet the professional interests of the members of the Association;

¦ establishment and maintenance of intracorporate relations that promote the expansion of business and professional contacts, protection of the Russian hotel business, and fair competition;

¦ participation in the development and implementation of national and international programs and projects in the hotel sector;

¦ practical implementation of a specific action program.

In December 2003, the RSA became a member of the International Association of Hotels and Restaurants. The national hotel associations have in turn formed a number of regional associations.

Moscow Regional Hotel Association (MOGA): On August 26, 2004, the heads of the hotel complex in the Moscow Region signed an agreement on its establishment. As the main objectives of its activities, MOGA declares assistance in creating conditions for the effective functioning of the hotel industry in the Moscow region; participation in the preparation of regulatory decisions on the regulation of hotel services; participation in the development of state programs for the development of the hotel industry.

MOGA carries out:

¦ development and coordination of the implementation of the program for the development of the state-tourist complex of the city and the region;

¦ Creation, in cooperation with other interested organizations, of a unified system for preparing investment proposals for hotel enterprises;

¦ organizing the selection of investors for the construction of new and reconstruction of existing hotel facilities in Moscow and the Moscow region;

¦ development of proposals for the direction of budgetary funds, including in individual hotel enterprises, the definition of priorities for budgetary support for specific investment projects;

¦ Strengthening the system of interaction between the city hotel complex and local government bodies, coordinating the development of hotel enterprises and territorial infrastructure.

Of great importance for the future of the hospitality industry in the capital is the implementation of the concept of improving the management of the city's hotel complex, the purpose of which is to create in Moscow and the Moscow region a hotel industry that meets the best international standards, using high-tech management systems and the latest equipment. This will make it possible to dramatically improve the quality of service for Russian and foreign guests, achieve a higher percentage of hotel occupancy in the city, create additional jobs, and, therefore, significantly increase the income to the city treasury.

The Association's charter defines the following main tasks:

- unification of national hotel associations of all countries, as well as individual hotels and restaurants serving foreign tourists;

- protection of personal and professional interests of hotel and restaurant owners;

- development of the hotel industry, study of issues of freedom of movement, management of the hotel industry, international financial settlements, insurance, labor supply, etc .;

- informing the members of the association about hotels, restaurants and travel companies.

International Federation camping and caravanningIs an international tourism organization whose members are national federations and associations of camping and caravanning. The FIKK has a Tourist Information Center and several specialized commissions. The FICC Secretariat is located in Brussels (Belgium).

International Association of Tourism Experts (AIEST) -an international tourism organization, uniting both individual members - persons engaged in scientific activities in the field of tourism, and associated members - organizations and institutions interested in the activities of AIEST. The organization has the character of a scientific community and its goal is to support the scientific activities of its members, providing an exchange of documentation and experience, supporting the activities of tourism scientific institutions and centers for the training of tourism personnel. The AIEST Secretariat is located in Bern (Switzerland).

International Organization for Vocational Training in Tourism (AMFORT) was established in 1969 with the aim of improving the methods of professional tourism training, streamlining and standardizing programs, introducing technical means into training. AMFORT members are research centers and educational institutions, official tourism organizations and enterprises, tourism specialists. On the initiative of AMFORT, an international certificate of tourism specialist was issued. AMFORT Secretariat is located in Madrid (Spain).

Among the leading organizations operating in the field tourism business and entrepreneurship, - World Association of Travel Agents (WATA).It was created in 1949 and is international association travel agencies and has 188 member organizations in 160 cities in 82 countries of the world. The main goal of the organization is cooperation of highly professional travel agencies of the world to form a single market image and establish uniform standards for the quality of tourist services. Among the tasks of WATA - information service; coordination and assistance to the activities of travel agencies; development and distribution of documents regulating the development of their tourism business sector; counseling; financial assistance and protection of the economic interests of its members; protection and representation of its members at international forums, exhibitions and fairs. To implement the tasks, the association, in particular, holds seminars and meetings of working groups; developed a voucher (WATA Voucher) - the most practical document for cooperation between travel agents and suppliers; published a collection of 130 confidential rates, which are used by 10 thousand travel agencies; publishes a newsletter (WATA Gazette) on a quarterly basis. WATA is headquartered in Geneva.

International Hotel Association - a leading international organization in the field of hospitality - was established in 1946. The main task of the IGA is to protect the interests of its members in international governmental and non-governmental organizations. For this purpose, regular research is carried out in the field of international legislation, in the field of marketing, much attention is paid to the problems of hotel construction, their classification, and the effectiveness of capital investments. A special contribution to the development of international tourism and hospitality was the adoption of the International Hotel Regulations in 1981.

In most parts of the world, hotel chains and individual hotels have voluntarily formed national hotel associations to protect professional, industry and economic interests. It is rather difficult to classify hotels due to their wide variety... The level of comfort is the most important and decisive factor in determining the class of a hotel. In each individual state, the understanding of the level of comfort as a classification criterion is approached differently. It is this circumstance, as well as a number of factors conditioned by the cultural, historical and national traditions of states, that prevents the introduction of a unified classification of hotels in the world. This is due to the fact that the development of a system for categorizing accommodation facilities is one of the most difficult problems of the tourism industry and the hotel industry.

In addition to hotel chains, specific associations are actively operating on the world market, the main goal of which is to identify the best representatives of the hotel business. Among them - the international corporation "Leading Hotels of the World" (since 1928), the International Organization "Privileged Hotels and Resorts of the World", the international hotel association "Quiet Hotels of the World" (since 1968) and others.

Arab Tourism Union (UAT) was established in 1954 and unites national tourism organizations of 18 Arab states.

Special international tourism organizations have a different profile and perform specific functions. Some of them are responsible for scientific research in tourism, others - for the training of tourist personnel, others are professional associations of workers in the tourism industry, etc. To this group international organizations includes the International Academy of Tourism (ACIT), the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism (AIEST), the World Association for Tourism Vocational Training (AMFORT), the International Club famous travelers (KIGV), the International Association of Congress Interpreters (AIIC), the International Forum of Travel and Tourism Lawyers (IFTTA) and many others.

8.6. Associations and unions in the hospitality industry: a look into the future

The first associations were formed in Europe in the 14th century, when the first guilds of innkeepers were organized. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. syndicates, corporations and joint-stock companies were created uniting various enterprises; the process of initial capital accumulation in the hotel business was carried out.

In 1906, the Union of Hotel Owners was organized in London, bringing together 1,700 hotels in Europe. The trend towards pooling capital has contributed significantly to the creation and, consequently, the supply of better quality hotel services.

Let us consider the main factors influencing the desire of hotel owners to unite, first of all, they include:

The need to fully load the hotel;
- ensuring compliance with equipment and equipment standards;
- high competition;
- market conditions;
- improvement of flexible personnel policy and professional training;
- creation of investment funds.

The main goals of creating associations are:

Exchange of information through mass media;
- creating an image among members of associations;
- representation at the federal level (regional);
- concessional group insurance;
- periodic advertising campaigns;
- joint price control;
- assistance in improving enterprise management;
- protection of permanent members in career advancement.

The most famous associations that successfully develop in the hotel services market:

1. HORTEC (confederation of national associations of hotels and restaurants) - 1200 hotels and restaurants, 22 national organizations.
2. AN & MA (American Hotel and Motel Association). Founded in 1910, it unites 70 American and 33 foreign national associations, 675 allied enterprises. This association contributed to the emergence of the MAFO.
3. MAFO (American Association of Franchise Associations).
4. "The Leading Hotels of the World" (1927) includes 315 luxury hotels.
5. MGA (International Hotel Association).

The information provided is clear evidence that the global hotel business is in the process of consolidating hotel services in order to generate additional profits, stimulate sales of a hotel product and insure possible commercial risks.

Having studied the materials in this section, you received information that:

The hotel, as a complex entity, requires a clear management structure;
- there are hotel chains and "independent" hotel consortia;
- the entry of the hotel into one or another hotel chain significantly increases the company's income;
- more and more hotel companies resort to the conclusion of a franchise agreement;
- the role of hotel chains in the global hospitality business is constantly growing;
- hotel chains are also penetrating the hotel business in Russia;
- hotel associations play a significant role in the development of the hotel business.

Control questions and tasks

1. Explain the main reasons for creating a hotel management system.
2. What is the advantage of U. Ritz hotels?
3. What is the difference between K. Wilson's hotel business model?
4. What are the main requirements for the Holiday Inn hotel chain?
5. What are the functions of the franchisor?
6. What is the role of the hotel concept in the development of the hotel business?
7. What is the advantage of a transit hotel?
8. What are the main characteristics of a holiday hotel?
9. What are the conditions for signing a franchise agreement?
10. What are the main hotel chains in the hospitality world?
11. How effective and justified is the introduction of hotel chains into the hotel business in Russia?
12. Will associations and alliances emerging in the hospitality industry contribute to better hospitality delivery?
13. What, in your opinion, are the reasons for the consolidation of the hospitality business?
14. How intensively are these processes being implemented in Russia?