Where they live in Pygmy. Pigmey is a resident of Equatorial forests of Africa. Pygmy in history

Pigmeys (Greek. Πυγμαῖῖι - "People with a fist") - a group of low-minded non-naked peoples living in the Equatorial forests of Africa.

Certificate and mention

Mentioned already in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions of the 3rd thousand to n. e., at a later time - in ancient Greek sources (in Iliad, Homer, Herodotus and Strabo).

In the XVI-XVII centuries. These called "Matimba" are mentioned in the descriptions left by the researchers of West Africa.

In the 19th century, their existence was confirmed by the German researcher George Augustus Schweinfurt, a Russian researcher V. V. Junker, and others, who found these tribes in the rainforest of the basin of the rivers of the rivers and the node (various tribes under the names: Akka, Tykitiki, UNFGO, Bambouti, Batva) .

In 1929-1930 The expeditions of P. Shebesta described the Bambouti Pygmeys, in 1934-1935, the researcher M. Guzinde found Pygmeys Efe and Basua.

At the end of the XX century, they live in the forests of Gabon, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Rwanda.

The most ancient mention of pigments is contained in the story of Egyptian Hirhufa, Venels-era of the ancient kingdom, who boasts, that he managed to bring a dwarf from his campaign for the fun of the young king. This inscription refers to the III millennium BC. e. In the Egyptian inscription, the dwarf brought by Hirhuf, named DB. The name is preserved to the present days in the languages \u200b\u200bof Ethiopia: Amharian dwarf is called Deng, or dates. The ancient Greek writers tell all sorts of stories about African pigments, but all their messages are fantastic.

Pygmeni lead a hunting lifestyle. In the economy of Pygmeyev, gathering occupies, the first place and determines mainly the nutrition of the entire group. Women falls most of Work, as the production of vegetable food is the case of women. Women with the whole of the living group daily accompanied by children collect wild root roots around their camp, the leaves of edible plants and fruits, catch worms, snails, frogs, snakes and fish.

Pygmeni is forced to leave the parking, as soon as all suitable plants are eaten in the vicinity of the camp and the game is destroyed. The whole group goes into another forest area, but it is inventory within the limits of established boundaries. These borders are known to everyone and strictly observed. The hunting for other people's lands is not allowed and can lead to hostile clashes. Almost all groups of pygmeys live in close contact with the tall population, most often - with a bow. Usually, pygmen brought in the village of game and forest products in exchange for bananas, vegetables and iron tips for copies. All Pygmeyev Groups speak languages \u200b\u200bof their tall neighbors.

Pygmy's house from leaves and sticks

The primitive nature of the culture of Pygmeys sharply distinguishes them among the people of the Negroid race. What are you pygmy? Is the population of Central Africa authon? Do they make a special anthropological type, or their origin is the result of the degradation of tall type? These are the main issues that have made the essence of the Pigmea problem, one of the most controversial in anthropology and ethnography. Soviet anthropologists believe that Pygmeni is an aborigree of the tropical Africa of a special anthropological type, independent origin.

Height from 144 to 150 cm for adult men, leather light brown, curly hair, dark, lips are relatively thin, large torso, hands and legs are short, this physical type can be classified as a special race. The possible number of pygmeys can be from 40 to 280 thousand people.

For an external type, Nehyritos of Asia are close to them, but severe differences are genetically between them.

Pigmeys (Greek. Πυγμαῖῖι - "People with a fist") - a group of low-minded non-naked peoples living in the Equatorial forests of Africa.

Certificate and mention

Mentioned already in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions of the 3rd thousand to n. e., at a later time - in ancient Greek sources (in Iliad, Homer, Herodotus and Strabo).

In the XVI-XVII centuries. These called "Matimba" are mentioned in the descriptions left by the researchers of West Africa.

In the 19th century, their existence was confirmed by the German researcher George Augustus Schweinfurt, a Russian researcher V. V. Junker, and others, who found these tribes in the rainforest of the basin of the rivers of the rivers and the node (various tribes under the names: Akka, Tykitiki, UNFGO, Bambouti, Batva) .

In 1929-1930 The expeditions of P. Shebesta described the Bambouti Pygmeys, in 1934-1935, the researcher M. Guzinde found Pygmeys Efe and Basua.

At the end of the XX century, they live in the forests of Gabon, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Rwanda.

The most ancient mention of pigments is contained in the story of Egyptian Hirhufa, Venels-era of the ancient kingdom, who boasts, that he managed to bring a dwarf from his campaign for the fun of the young king. This inscription refers to the III millennium BC. e. In the Egyptian inscription, the dwarf brought by Hirhuf, named DB. The name is preserved to the present days in the languages \u200b\u200bof Ethiopia: Amharian dwarf is called Deng, or dates. The ancient Greek writers tell all sorts of stories about African pigments, but all their messages are fantastic.

Pygmeni lead a hunting lifestyle. In the economy of Pygmeyev, gathering occupies, the first place and determines mainly the nutrition of the entire group. The share of women falls most of the work, as vegetable food production is the case of women. Women with the whole of the living group daily accompanied by children collect wild root roots around their camp, the leaves of edible plants and fruits, catch worms, snails, frogs, snakes and fish.

Pygmeni is forced to leave the parking, as soon as all suitable plants are eaten in the vicinity of the camp and the game is destroyed. The whole group goes into another forest area, but it is inventory within the limits of established boundaries. These borders are known to everyone and strictly observed. The hunting for other people's lands is not allowed and can lead to hostile clashes. Almost all groups of pygmeys live in close contact with the tall population, most often - with a bow. Usually, pygmen brought in the village of game and forest products in exchange for bananas, vegetables and iron tips for copies. All Pygmeyev Groups speak languages \u200b\u200bof their tall neighbors.

Pygmy's house from leaves and sticks

The primitive nature of the culture of Pygmeys sharply distinguishes them among the people of the Negroid race. What are you pygmy? Is the population of Central Africa authon? Do they make a special anthropological type, or their origin is the result of the degradation of tall type? These are the main issues that have made the essence of the Pigmea problem, one of the most controversial in anthropology and ethnography. Soviet anthropologists believe that Pygmeni is an aborigree of the tropical Africa of a special anthropological type, independent origin.

Height from 144 to 150 cm for adult men, leather light brown, curly hair, dark, lips are relatively thin, large torso, hands and legs are short, this physical type can be classified as a special race. The possible number of pygmeys can be from 40 to 280 thousand people.

For an external type, Nehyritos of Asia are close to them, but severe differences are genetically between them.

The lowest people on earth, the average growth of which does not exceed 141 cm, live in the Congo River Basin in Central Africa. "Size with a fist" - it is translated from the Greek Pygmalios - the name of the Pagmy's tribe. There is an assumption that once they occupied the entire Central Africa, but then were ousted in the field of rainforest.

The daily life of these wild people is deprived of romance and conjugate with the everyday struggle for survival when the main task Men becomes mining for the whole village. Pygmeys are considered the most bloodthirsty hunters. And indeed it is. They never hunt for the sake of hunting, never kill animals for the sake of desire to kill, they never reserve the meat of the future. Even the killed animal, they do not bring in the village, but separate, prepare and eat right in place, convening all the inhabitants of the village on the meal. Hunting and all that is connected with it - the main ritual in the life of the tribe, pronounced in folklore: songs about hunter heroes, dance, transmitting the scenes of animal behavior, myths and legends. Before the hunting men are facing themselves and weapons with mud with the manure of that animal on which they are going to hunt, they are going to a duct with a request to be a worn, and go on the road.

Casual food pygmeys - vegetable: nuts, edible herbs and roots, palm core. Seasonal fishery is fishing. For fishing of pygmy, they use special grass from which the fish falls asleep, but does not die. The leaves of the grass are dissolved in the river, the catch is collected below the flow. A special danger to pigmeys represent the jungle, full of various wild animals. But the most dangerous is Python. If the pythmy occurs at the python more than 4 meters - it is doomed. Snake instantly attacks, wrapping the body and stifles.

The origin of Pygmeyev is still not entirely clear. It is only known that the first Europeans have recently penetrated into their world and were found pretty militant. The exact number of representatives of the tribe is not known. According to different data, they are about 280 thousand. The average life expectancy is not more than 45 years old in men, women live a little longer. The first child give birth in 14-15 years, but in the family no more than two children. Pygmy walked in groups of 2-4 families. Live in low huts of sheltered grass that can be done in a few hours. For 9-16 years old, the boys make circumcision and subjected to other rather cruel tests, accompanied by moral instructions. Only men take part in such rites.

The tribe lost its native language, so the adverbing tribes are most often used. Clothes consists of just from the outstanding belt with the apron. But sedentary pigments are increasingly carrying European clothes. The main deity is the Forest Spirit of Torah, the owner of the forest game, to which the hunters are treated with a prayer before the hunt.

The culture and traditions of pygmeys gradually disappear. New life Slowly penetrates their life, dissolving the lifestyle of the youngest people on the planet.

See interesting videos.

Unknown Planet. Pygmy and Caramojongi. C1.

Ritual dances of pygmy tanks.

Pygmy tanks inhabit rain forests in the south-east of Cameroon, in the north of the Republic of Congo, in Northern Gabon and in the south-west of the Central African Republic. In February 2016, the photographer and journalist Susan Schulman spent several days among the Pagons of the Baka, making a small report about their lives.

Tropical rain forests are their natural habitat. The main classes are hunting and gathering, in this harmonious union with nature they live in centuries, and their world is determined by the presence of a forest. Pygmeyev tribes are scattered in Africa in the territory of 178 million hectares.

Pygmeni differ from representatives of other African tribes of their miniature - their growth rarely exceeds 140 cm. On photography above, the members of the tribe are carried out by the traditional hunting ceremony.

Susan Schulman became interested in the life of Pygmes Baka after heard of Louis Sarno - American scientist, who for 30 years already lives among the Pagons of the tank in Central Africa, in the rain forest between Cameroon and the Republic of Congo.

Louis Sarno married to a woman from a tribe, all these years he studies, helps and treats Pygmena Baka. According to him, half the children do not live up to five years old, and if he left the tribe at least for a year, he would be scary to return, because he would not find many friends. Louis Sarno is now just sixty, and the average life expectancy of Pygmeni Baka is forty years.

Louis Sarno not only provides medicines, but also engaged in other things: acts as a teacher for children, lawyer, translator, archivist, writer and chronicler for a community of 600 Pygmeys of the tank in the village of Yantandube.

Louis Sarno arrived to live with pigments in the mid-80s, after one day heard their music on the radio and decided to go and record this music as much as possible. And neither a drop does not regret it. It has the opportunity to regularly visit America and Europe, but always returns to Africa. It can be said that in the heart of Africa he led his song.

Music Pigmeys Baka represents similar to iodling multi-voice singing against the background of natural sounds tropical forest. Imagine a multifaceted 40 female votes and drum rhythm, retreated by four men on plastic barrels.

Louis Sarno claims that he has never heard anything like that, and it is divine.

Their hypnotic music usually acts as a prelude to the hunt, as the tribe sings to cause a forest spirit name of Bobi and ask him to enslave in his forest.

Dressed in a suit of the Fauxy, "Spirit of the Forest" gives the tribe permission and blesses those who will take part in tomorrow's hunt. In the picture above the Pigmeus is going to go hunting with the network.

The base of the diet of the tribe is a monkey meat and a blue ducker - small forest antelope, but recently these animals are becoming less and less in the forest. Similar to that poaching and logging.

"Poachers hunt at night, they scare animals by torchs and calmly shoot them until those stand paralyzed by fear. Networks and arrows Pygmeev tanks can not compete with firearms poachers.

Foresting and poachers seriously empty the forest and very harm the lifestyle of Pygmes of the tank. Many of these poachers are representatives of the neighboring ethnic group of a bowl of the majority of the population in the region, "says Susan Schulman.

As a result of gradual depletion of rainforest, in which the tribe of the tank lives, the future of them forest house is in question, since it is not clear what will all this lead to.

Historically, the tribe of the bow believed the Pygmes of the Baku "Neochoralovka" and subjected to discrimination. Currently, relations between them have improved, but some echoes of the past still make themselves felt.

Since the traditional life of Baka Pygmes becomes more difficult and more difficult to look for the young generation to work in the cities where the bow is dominated.

"Young people are now on the point of change. Opportunities earn extremely small for them. Since the resources of the forest in terms of hunting are depleted, you have to look for other possibilities - and this is usually only temporary work on a bow, which is offered, say, in five days of hunting 1 dollar - and even most often they forget to pay, "says Susan.

And etc.; Previously presumably pygmy languages

Religion

Traditional beliefs

Racial type

Negrille Type of a Big Needo Race

Pygmy (Greek. Πυγμαῖοι - "People with a fist") - a group of low-minded nerosoid peoples living in the Equatorial forests of Africa. Another name is African Pygmeys - Negrilli.

Certificate

Mentioned already in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions of the 3rd thousand to n. e., at a later time - in ancient Greek sources (in Iliad, Homer, Herodotus and Strabo).

Pygmy in mythology

Physical type

In the east of the efp and Suo peoples living, small children are originally born - the growth limiter is included during the intrauterine development. At the tank, children are born normally, but in the first two years of life, the children of the tank grow markedly more than Europeans.

Occupation

Pygmy - residents of forests, forest for them - the source of all necessary for life. The main classes are hunting and gathering. Pigmeys do not make stone tools of labor, previously not cleaned the mines (the source of the fire was transferred with them). Hunting tool - bow with arrow with metal tips, and these tips are often poisoned. Iron change from neighbors.

Language

Pygmy usually speak in the languages \u200b\u200bof their peoples around them - Efa, Asoua, Bambouti, etc. In dialects of Pygmeys there are some phonetic differences, but with the exception of the people of the tank, pygmy lost their native languages.

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Notes

Literature

• Patna E. Eight years among Pygmeys / Ann Patna; With preface. and ed. B. I. Sharevskaya; Artist B. A. Diodorre. - m.: Eastern Literature Publishing, 1961. - 184 p. - (Traveling through the countries of the East). - 75,000 copies. (region)

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Pigmery

"Dr ... or a fool! ..." he said.
"And that is not! I also needed it, "he thought about the little princess, which was not in the dining room.
- And the princess where? - he asked. - Hiding? ...
"She's not quite healthy," smiling having fun, said M LL Bourienne, "she will not come out. It is so understandable in her position.
- GM! GM! Kh! Kh! - Speak the prince and sat down at the table.
The plate it seemed not to clean; He pointed to the spot and threw it. Tikhon picked her and passed the buffet. The little princess was not unhealthy; But she was completely afraid of prince to such an extent, which heard about how he was not in the spirit, she decided not to go out.
"I'm afraid of a child," she said M Lle Bourienne, "God knows what can be done from fright.
In general, the little princess lived in the Bald Mountains constantly under the feeling of fear and antipathy to the old prince, which she did not conscious, because fear was so prevailed that she could not feel her. From the prince, there was also an antipathy, but she drove out contempt. The princess, having faded in the Bald Mountains, especially loved M Lle Bourienne, spent his days with her, asked her to spend the night with him and often spoke of his father-in-law and judged him.
- Il Nous Arrive du Monde, Mon Prince, [Guests go to us, Prince.] - said M Lle Bourienne, unfolding a white napkin with her pink hands. - SON EXCELLENCE LE PRINCE KOUURAGUINE AVEC SON FILS, A CE QUE J "AI ENTENDU DIRE? [His shyness Prince Kuragin with his son, how much did I hear?] - she said questioningly.
"Gm ... this excellence boy ... I defined it in the board," the prince said offended. - And son why, I can not understand. Princess Lizaveta Karlovna and Princess Marya, may know; I do not know what he is lucky this son here. I do not need. - And he looked at his reddened daughter.
- Unhealthy, or what? From fear of the minister, as now, this Bolon Alpatych said.
- No, Mon Pere. [Battyushka.]
No matter how unfortunately, M Lle Bourienne fell on the subject of a conversation, she did not stop and chatted about the greenhouse, the beauty of the new blossomed flower, and the prince after soup softened.
After lunch, he went to the daughter-in-law. The little princess was sitting at a small table and chatted with Masha, maid. She pale, seeing the beet.
The little princess has changed very much. She rather was bad than good, now. The cheeks dropped, the lip climbed up, the eyes were covered with a book.
"Yes, some kind of severity," she answered the question of the prince, that she feels.
- Do not need what?
- No, Merci, Mon Pere. [Thank you, Batyushka.]
- Well, good, good.
He came out and reached the waiter. Alpatych, bumping his head, stood in the waiter.
- Wkining road?
- Zakidan, your clay; Sorry, for God's sake, one nonsense.
The prince interrupted him and laughed with his unnatural laugh.
- Well, good, good.
He extended the hand that Alpatych kissed, and passed into the office.
Prince Vasily arrived in the evening. He was met on the punchup (this was the name of the avenue) Kucher and the waiters, with a cry, his crafts and sleighs and sleigh to the fligel on the road on purpose.
Princess Vasill and Anatol were allocated separate rooms.
Anatole was sitting, removing Camzole and taught his hands in the sides, in front of the table, at the corner of which he, smiling, intently and absently asked his beautiful big eyes. For all my life, he looked at him as a continuous envelope, which someone had such for why it was obliged to arrange for him. Just now he looked at his trip to an evil old man and to a rich ugly heir. All this could go out, according to his assumption, very good and fun. And why not marry, if she is very rich? It never interferes, thought Anatol.
He got out, saboted with care and the scope, made it habit, and with a born to him good-naturedly a winner expression, having a beautiful head, entered the room to his father. Near the prince Vasilla, his two-chameneders, dressing him; He himself looked around himself around himself and nodded his came to his friend, as if he said: "So, I need you so much!"
- No, no joke, father, she is very ugly? BUT? He asked, as if continuing the conversation, more than once behaved during the trip.
- Full. Stupidity! The main thing is to try to be respectful and prudence with the old prince.
"If he is bored, I'll leave," said Anatol. - I can't endure these old people. BUT?
- Remember that everything depends on it.
At this time, the devil was not only known for the arrival of the Minister and Son, but appearance Their both was described in detail. Princess Marya sat alone in his room and tried in vain to overcome his inner excitement.
"Why did they write, why Lisa told me about it? After all, this can not be! She said she, looking into the mirror. - How will I go to the living room? If he, even I liked, I could not be now with him myself. " One thought about the look of her father led her horror.
Little Princess and M Lle Bourienne have already received all the necessary information from the maid of Masha about what kind of ruddy, the black handsome man was a ministerial son, and about how the papida, they rake the legs to the staircase, and he, as an eagle, walking three steps, Joined it. Having received this information, a small princess with M Lle Bourienne, from the corridor heard with their lively talking voices, entered the room of the princess.