How many secretaries were in the USSR. Who rules after Stalin in the USSR: History

With the death of Stalin - "Father of Peoples" and "Archage Communism" - in 1953, the struggle for power began, because established by him, it was assumed that the steering wheel of the USSR would stand the same one-owned leader who will take the Brazda government to the state.

The difference was only that the main applicants for power all as one performed for the abolition of this very cult and liberalization of the country's political course.

Who rules after Stalin?

A serious struggle unfolded between three main applicants who were initially represented by Triumvirate - George Malenkov (Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR), Lavrenting Beria (Minister of the United Mise) and Nikita Khrushchev (secretary of the CPSU Central Committee). Each of them wanted to take a seat in but the victory could only get to this contender, whose candidacy will support the party, whose members enjoyed great authority and had the necessary connections. In addition, all of them united the desire to achieve stability, complete the era of repressions and get more freedom in their actions. That is why the question of who rules after the death of Stalin does not always have a unambiguous answer - after all, there were three people who fought for power.

Triumvirate in power: the beginning of the split

Created by Stalin Triumvirate divided power. Her big part focused in the hands of Malenkov and Beria. Khrushchev assigned the role of the secretary not so much in the eyes of his rivals. However, they underestimated the ambitious and assertive parties, who allocated extraordinary thinking and intuition.

For those who ruled the country after Stalin, it was important to understand who first need to be eliminated from the competitive struggle. The first target became Lawrence Beria. Khrushchev and Malenkov paid a report in which dossier for each of them had a minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, headed by the entire system of repressive organs. In this regard, in July 1953, Beria was arrested, accusing him in espionage and some other crimes, thereby eliminating such a dangerous opponent.

Malenkov and his policy

The authority of Khrushchev as the organizer of this conspiracy increased significantly, and its influence on other party members increased. However, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers was Malenkov, key decisions and directions in politics depended on it. At the first meeting of the Presidium, the course was taken for the defalence and establishment of collective management of the country: the cult of personality was planned to abolish, but to do it in such a way as not to diminish the merit of the "father of peoples". The main task that Malenkov put was in the development of the economy, taking into account the interests of the population. He suggested a rather extensive program of change, which was not adopted at a meeting of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. Then Malenkov put forward the same suggestions at the session of the Supreme Council, where they were approved. For the first time after the United States of Stalin, the decision was made not a party, but an official authority. CPSU Central Committee and Politburo were forced to agree with this.

Further history will show that among those who rules after Stalin, Malenkov will be the most "efficient" in their decisions. The Complex Action Complex by him in the State and Party Apparatus, on the development of food and light industry, to expand the independence of the collective farms gave their fruits: 1954-1956 For the first time after the end of the war, the growth of the rural population and the growth of agricultural production was shown, which for many years The decline and stagnation became cost-effective. The effect of these measures remained until 1958. It is this five-year plan that is considered the most productive and effective after Stalin's death.

Those who rules after Stalin, it was clear that in the light industry, such success would not be able to achieve, since the proposals of Malenkov in its development contradicted the tasks of the plans of the next five-year plan, which focused on Promotion

I tried to approach solving problems from a rational point of view, applying economic, and not ideological considerations. However, such an order did not suit the party nomenclature (led by Khrushchev), which practically lost its prevailing role in the life of the state. It was a weighty argument against Malenkov, who under the pressure of the party in February 1955 filed a resignation. His place was taken by the companion of Khrushchev Malenkov became one of his deputies, but after the overclocking of 1957, the Anti-Partisan Group (which he entered), together with his supporters, was excluded from the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. Khrushchev took advantage of this situation and in 1958 he removed Malenkov and from the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers, taking his place and becoming those who rules after Stalin in the USSR.

Thus, focused in his hands almost complete power. He got rid of the two most powerful competitors and headed the country.

Who rules the country after the death of Stalin and the displacement of Malenkov?

Those 11 years who Khrushchev managed the USSR, rich in different events and reforms. On the agenda, there was a lot of problems faced by the state after industrialization, war and attempts to restore the economy. The main milestones who remember the era of the Board of Khrushchev, the following:

1. The development policy of virginity (not supported by scientific abroad) - increased the number of sowing areas, but did not take into account climatic featureswho braked the development agriculture In the areas of the territories.
2. "Corn campaign", the purpose of which was to catch up and overtake the United States who received good crops of this culture. Sowing Squares under the corn expanded halfway to the detriment of sowing rye and wheat. But the result was sad - climatic conditions It was not allowed to get a high harvest, and the reduction of the area for other cultures provoked the receipt of low indicators to collect them. The campaign with a crash failed in 1962, and its result was the increase in oil prices and meat, which caused discontent among the population.
3. The beginning of the restructuring is the mass construction of houses, which allowed many families to move from hostels and communal to apartments (so-called "Khrushchev").

Results of the Board of Khrushchev

Among those who rules after Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev highlighted its non-standard and not always thoughtful approach to reform inside the state. Despite numerous projects that were embodied, their inconsistency led to the displacement of Khrushchev from office in 1964.

The first ruler of the Young Soviets, which arose as a result of the October 1917 coup, became the head of the RCP (b) - the Bolshevik Parts - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin), who headed the "revolution of workers and peasants". All subsequent rulers of the USSR held the post of Secretary General of the Central Committee of this organization, which, since 1922, became known as the CPSU - the Communist Party Soviet Union.

Note that the ideology of the system ruling in the country denied the possibility of holding any common elections or voting. The change of senior leaders of the state was carried out by the most ruling tip or after the death of the predecessor, or as a result of coups, accompanied by a serious intrapartare fighting. The article will lists the rulers of the USSR in chronological order and marked the main stages of the life path of some of the most vivid historical personalities.

Ulyanov (Lenin) Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924)

One of the most famous figures in the history of Soviet Russia. Vladimir Ulyanov stood at the origins of its creation, was the organizer and one of the leaders of the event, which gave the beginning the first communist state in the world. Heading in October 1917, a coup aimed at the overthrow of the Provisional Government, he took the position of chairman of the Council of People's Commissar - the post of the head of the new country formed on the wreckage of the Russian Empire.

His merit is the peace treaty of 1918 with Germany, who was marked by the end of the NEP and the new economic policy of the government, which was supposed to withdraw the country from the punching of the poverty and hunger. All the rulers of the USSR considered themselves "faithful Lenins" and in every possible way praised Vladimir Ulyanov as a great statesman.

It should be noted that immediately after "reconciliation with the Germans", the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Lenin were unleashed by an internal terror against the dissent and heritage of tsarism, which took millions of lives. Napa's policy also existed for a long time and was canceled shortly after his death, coming on January 21, 1924.

Jugashvili (Stalin) Joseph Vissarionovich (1879-1953)

Joseph Stalin in 1922 became the first general secretary, however, until the death of V. I. Lenin, he remained on the second roles of the state leadership, yielding to other his associates, also to the USSR rulers. Nevertheless, after leaving the leader of the world proletariat, Stalin, in a short time, eliminated his main opponents, accusing them in treason to the ideals of the revolution.

By the beginning of the 1930s, he became the sole leader of peoples who could solve the fate of millions of citizens. The policy of forced collectivization and the delamination of them, which came to replace the NEPA, as well as mass repression against persons who are dissatisfied with the current power, took the lives of hundreds of thousands of USSR citizens. However, the period of the reign of Stalin is not only not only for the bloody trail, it is worth noting the positive moments of his leadership. For a short union turned from a country with a third-rate economy in a powerful industrial power, who won the battle with fascism.

After graduation, the Great Patriotic War Many cities in the western part of the USSR, destroyed almost to the ground, were quickly restored, and their industry earned even more efficiently. The rulers of the USSR, who held the highest post after Joseph Stalin denied his leadership in the development of the state and characterized the time of its rule as the period of the cult of the leader's personality.

Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich (1894-1971)

The leaving from the simple peasant family, N. S. Khrushchev became the steering wheel of the party shortly after the death of Stalin, which occurred. The first years of his reign, he led a subcovery struggle with G. M. Malenkov, who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers and the actual state leader.

In 1956, Khrushchev reads a report on Stalinist repressions on the 20th congress of the party, condemning the actions of its predecessor. The time of the reign of Nikita Sergeevich is noted by the development of the space program - the launch artificial satellite And the first flight of man into space. His new allowed many citizens of the country to move from close communal services to a more comfortable separate accommodation. Houses, massively built at the time, so far, the people are called "Khrushchev".

Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich (1907-1982)

On October 14, 1964, N. S. Khrushchev was shifted from his office a group of members of the Central Committee under the leadership of L. I. Brezhnev. For the first time in the history of the state, the rulers of the USSR in order were not changed after the death of the leader, but as a result of an intraparte conspiracy. The era of Brezhnev in the history of Russia is known as stagnation. The country stopped in development and began to lose the leading world powers, lagging behind them in all sectors, excluding the military-industrial.

Brezhnev undertook some attempts to improve relations with the United States, spoiled 1962, when N. S. Khrushchev ordered to place a rocket with a nuclear warhead on Cuba. Contracts with American leadership, which limited the arms race were signed. However, all the efforts of L. I. Brezhnev on the discharge of the situation were crossed by the introduction of troops to Afghanistan.

Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich (1914-1984)

After the death of Brezhnev, coming on November 10, 1982, His place was occupied by Y. Andropov, who led to this KGB - the USSR State Security Committee. He took a course on reforms and transformations in the social and economic spheres. The time of his rule is noted by the initiation of criminal cases, exposing corruption in power circles. However, Yuri Vladimirovich did not have time to accomplish any changes in the life of the state, since he had serious health problems and died on February 9, 1984.

Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich (1911-1985)

From February 13, 1984, he served as the Secretary General of the CPSU Central Committee. He continued the policies of his predecessor to expose corruption in the echelons of power. He was very sick and died in 1985, having stayed at the highest state post a little over a year. All past USSR rulers in order, established in the state, were buried by U and K. W. Chernenko became the last on this list.

Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich (1931)

M. S. Gorbachev is the most famous Russian politician of the end of the twentieth century. I won love and popularity in the West, but the citizens of his country his rule causes twofold feelings. If Europeans and Americans call him a great reformer, then many residents of Russia consider the destroyer of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev proclaimed internal economic and political reforms under the slogan "Perestroika, publicity, acceleration!", Which led to a massive deficit of food and industrial goods, unemployment and fall in the standard of living of the population.

To assert that the era of the Board of M. S. Gorbachev had only negative consequences for the life of our country, it would be wrong. In Russia, the concepts of multiparty, freedom of religion and press appeared. For his foreign policy, Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Prize of the World. The rulers of the USSR and Russia neither before, nor after Mikhail Sergeevich did not receive such honor.

Secretary General (Secretary General) of the USSR ... once their faces were known to almost every resident of our huge country. Today they are only part of history. Each of these politicians committed actions and actions that were rated later, and not always positively. It should be noted that the general secretaries chose not the people, but the ruling top. This article will submit a list of USSR Secretarymen (with a photo) in chronological order.

I. V. Stalin (Jugashvili)

This politician was born in the Georgian city of Gori on December 18, 1879 in the family of a shoemaker. In 1922, in the life of V.I. Lenin (Ulyanova), he was appointed first Secretary General. It is he who heads the list of USSR Secretary Generals in chronological order. However, it should be noted that Lenin was alive, Joseph Vissarionovich in the state management played a secondary role. After leaving the life of the "leader of the proletariat" for the highest state post, a serious struggle was broken. Numerous competitors I. V. Jugashvili had every chance of this post. But thanks to an uncompromising, and sometimes even tough actions, political intrigues, Stalin came out of the game the winner, he managed to establish personal power regime. Note that most of The applicants were simply physically destroyed, and the rest is forced to leave the country. For a fairly short time, Stalin managed to take the country to "Help Mittens". At the beginning of the thirties, Joseph Vissarionovich became the sole leader of the people.

The policy of this Secretary General of the USSR has entered the history:

• mass repressions;
• collectivization;
• total degradation.

In 37-38 years of last century, a massive terror was carried out, in which the number of victims reached 1,500,000 people. In addition, historians put in the guilt of Joseph Vissarionovich his policy of violent collectivization, mass repressions that took place in all layers of society, the forced industrialization of the country. The internal policy of the country affected some character traits of the leader:

• sharpness;
• thirst for unlimited power;
• high self-conceit;
• intolerance to someone else's judgment.

The cult of personality

Photo of the USSR Secretary General, as well as other managers, ever held this post, you will find in the submitted article. With confidence, it can be said that the cult of the personality of Stalin very tragically affected the fate of millions of the most different people: scientific and creative intelligentsia, state and party figures, military.

For all this during the Thaw of Joseph Stalin, his followers swamped. But not all the actions of the leader are worthy of censure. According to historians, there are such moments for which Stalin is worthy of praise. Of course, the most important thing is the victory over fascism. In addition, there was a fairly rapid transformation of the destroyed country in an industrial and even military giant. There is an opinion that if the cult of the personality of Stalin, many more accomplishments, would be impossible. The death of Joseph Vissarionovich happened on March 5, 1953. Let's consider all USSR Secretary Generals in order.

N. S. Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeevich was born in Kursk province on April 15, 1894, in an ordinary working family. Took part in civil War On the side of the Bolsheviks. He was a member of the CPSU since 1918. In the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine at the end of the thirties was appointed secretary. Soviet Union Nikita Sergeevich headed after a while after the death of Stalin. It should be said that he had to compete for this post with G. Malenkov, who presided over the Council of Ministers and at that time was actually the head of the country. Nevertheless, a leading role went to Nikita Sergeevich.

During the reign of Khrushchev N.S. As the USSR Secretary General in the country:

1. There was a launch of the first person into space, the development of this sphere.
2. A huge part of the fields planted with corn, thanks to this, Khrushchev called the "corrupt".
3. With its board, the active construction of five-story buildings began, which later became known as "Khrushchev".

Khrushchev became one of the initiators of "thaw" in foreign and domestic politics, rehabilitation of victims of repression. This politician was undertaken unsuccessful attempt Modernization of the party-state system. It was also stated on a significant improvement (along with the caps) of living conditions for the Soviet people. At the XX and XXII CPSU Congresses, in 1956 and 1961. Accordingly, he abruptly put on the activities of Joseph Stalin and his cult cult. However, the construction of a nomenclature regime in the country, the power dissolution of demonstrations (in 1956 - in Tbilisi, in 1962 - in Novocherkassk), Berlin (1961) and Caribbean (1962) crises, aggravation of relations with China, the construction of communism by 1980 and Famous political appeal "Catch up and overtake America!" - All this made the politics of Khrushchev inconsistent. And on October 14, 1964, Nikita Sergeevich was released from his position. Khrushchev died on September 11, 1971, after a long illness.

L. I. Brezhnev

The third in order in the list of Secretary General of the USSR - L. I. Brezhnev. Born in the village of Kamensky in the Dnipropetrovsk region December 19, 1906. In the CPSU since 1931. The position of the Secretary-General ranked as a result of the conspiracy. Leonid Ilyich was the head of the group of members of the Central Committee (Central Committee), which waded Nikita Khrushchev. The era of the Board of Brezhnev in the history of our country is characterized as stagnation. This happened for the following reasons:

• in addition to military industrial spheres, the development of the country was stopped;
• The Soviet Union began to significantly lag behind western countries;
• reprints began again and persecution, people again felt the vice of the state.

Note that during the reign of this policy, both negative and favorable parties. At the very beginning of his reign, Leonid Ilyich played a positive role in the life of the state. They were minimized by all the unreasonable undertakings created by Khrushchev in the economic sphere. In the first years of the Board, Brezhnev was given more independence to enterprises, material incentives, reduced the number of planned indicators. Brezhnev tried to establish a good relationship with the United States, but it was not possible him. And after the introduction of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, it became impossible.

Period of stagnation

By the end of the 70s - the beginning of the 80s, the Brezhnev environment concerned more about his clan interests and often ignored the interests of the state as a whole. The nearest environment of politics in everyone pleased the patient leader, awarded it with orders and medals. Leonid Ilyich's rule continued for 18 years, he was in power longer, with the exception of Stalin. The eighties in the Soviet Union are characterized as the "period of stagnation". Although after the destruction of the 90s, it is increasingly presented as a period of peace, the power of the state, prosperity and stability. Most likely, these opinions have the right to be, because the entire Brezhnev period of the Board is not ungenerated by nature. L. I. Brezhnev on his position was held until November 10, 1982, to his death.

Yu. V. Andropov

At the post of USSR Secretary General, this politician spent less than 2 years. Yuri Vladimirovich was born in the family of the railway station on June 15, 1914. His Motherland is the Stavropol Territory, the city is naked. Part member since 1939. Due to the fact that the politician led active activity, he quickly climbed the career staircase. At the time of the death of Brezhneva, Yuri Vladimirovich led the Committee of State Security.

The post of the Secretary-General was nominated with his associates. Andropov set itself the tasks to reform the Soviet state, trying to prevent an impending socio-economic crisis. But, unfortunately, did not have time. During the reign of Yuri Vladimirovich, special attention was paid to labor discipline in the workplaces. Being the USSR Secretary General, Andropov opposed numerous privileges, which were provided to employees of the state and party apparatus. Andropov showed it on a personal example, abandoning their greater part. After leaving the life of February 9, 1984 (due to prolonged illness), this politician was less criticized and most of all caused public support.

K. U. Chernenko

On September 24, 1911, Konstantin Chernenko was born in the peasant family in the Yeisk province in the peasant family. In the ranks of the CPSU from 1931. The Secretary General was appointed on February 13, 1984, immediately after the departure of Yu.V. Andropova. When managing the state continued the policy of his predecessor. At the post of the Secretary General spent about a year. Death policy occurred on March 10, 1985, the reason was a severe illness.

M.S. Gorbachev

Date of birth Politics - March 2, 1931, his parents were simple peasants. Motherland Gorbachev - the village is delivered in the North Caucasus. In the ranks of the Communist Party entered in 1952. Acted as active public figureThat is why quickly moved along the party line. Mikhail Sergeevich completes the list of USSR Secretary Generals. He was appointed for this position on March 11, 1985. Later became the only and latest president of the USSR. The era of his rule entered the history of the "Perestroika" policies. She envisaged the development of democracy, the introduction of publicity, the provision of the people of economic freedom. These reforms Mikhail Sergeevich led to a mass unemployment, total deficit of goods and eliminating a huge number of state-owned enterprises.

Disintegration of the Union

During the board of this policy, the USSR declared. All the fraternal republics of the Soviet Union declared their independence. It should be noted that in the west of M. S. Gorbachev consider almost the most respected Russian politician. Mikhail Sergeevich has the Nobel Peace Prize. At the post of Secretary General Gorbachev stayed until August 24, 1991. He headed the Soviet Union until December 25 of the same year. In 2018, Mikhail Sergeevich turned 87 years old.

For 69 years of the existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics at the head of the country, several people were becoming. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin became the first ruler of the new state (the real name of Ulyanov), who headed the Bolsheviks Party during the October Revolution. Then the role of the head of state actually began to carry out a person who held the position of Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU (Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union).

IN AND. Lenin

The first significant decision of the new government of Russia was a refusal to participate in the Bloody World War. Lenin managed to achieve him, despite the fact that some party members were against the conclusion of the world under disadvantageous conditions (Brest peace treaty). Saving hundreds of thousands, maybe millions of lives, the Bolsheviks immediately put them at risk in another war - civilian. The fight against the interventionists, anarchists and the White Guards, as well as other opponents of the Soviet authorities, did not bring little human victims.

In 1921, Lenin became the initiator of the transition from the policy of military communism to the new economic policy (NEPA), which contributed to the rapid restoration of the economy and the national economy of the country. Lenin also contributed to the establishment of single-party and education for the Union of Socialist Republics in the country. The USSR is in the form in which it was created, did not meet the requirements of Lenin, however, it did not have time to take significant changes.

In 1922, the intensive work and the consequences of the attempt committed on him by Auxidic Fanny Kaplan in 1918, made themselves to know: Lenin is seriously ill. He was less and less participated in the government and the first roles went out other people. Lenin himself responded to his possible receiver - General Secretary of the Party Stalin: "Comrade Stalin, hacified, focused in his hands an immense power, and I'm not sure if he would always be able to care enough to use this power." On January 21, 1924, Lenin did not become, and its receiver, as expected, became Stalin.

One of the main directions to which V.I. Lenin paid great attention to the development of the Russian economy. At the direction of the first leader of the Soviets, many plants for the production of equipment were organized, the completion of the automotive factory "AMO" began (later ZIL) in Moscow. Large attention Lenin paid the development of domestic energy and electronics. Perhaps if the fate took the "leader of the world proletariat" (so often called Lenin) more time, he would raise the country to a high level.

I.V. Stalin

A more hard policy led the receiver of Lenin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (real name of Jugashvili), in 1922, who took the post of Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Now the name of Stalin is mainly associated with the so-called "Stalinist repressions" of the 30s, when several million inhabitants of the USSR were deprived of property (the so-called "delegation"), visited or were executed for political reasons (for the condemnation of the current government).
Indeed, the years of the reign of Stalin left a bloody mark in the history of Russia, but there were also positive features of this period. During this time, from the agrarian country, which had a secondary economy, the Soviet Union turned into a global state with a huge industrial and military potential. The development of the economy and industry affected the years of the Great Patriotic War, which, although expensive by the Soviet people, were expected, but they were still won. Already during the fighting, it was possible to establish a good supply of the army, to create new types of weapons. After the war, many, destroyed by almost the foundation of the city, were restored by the impact pace.

N.S. Khrushchev

Soon after Stalin's death (March 1953), the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU was (September 13, 1953) Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. This leader of the CPSU has become famous, perhaps most of all with its extraordinary acts, many of which are still remembered. So, in 1960, at the UN General Assembly, Nikita SERGEEVICH removed the boot and, threatened to show Kuzkina Mother, began to knock them along the tribune in protest against the speech of the Filipino delegate. The period of the Board of Khrushchev is associated with the development of the arms race between the USSR and the United States (the so-called "Cold Voons"). In 1962, the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba almost led to a military conflict with the United States.

From the positive changes that occurred during the Board of Khrushchev, you can note the rehabilitation of victims stalinist repressions (Having made the post of Secretary General, Khrushchev became the initiator of the removal from the posts of Beria and his arrest), the development of agriculture by the development of non-painted lands (virgin), as well as the development of industry. It was for the period of the Board of Khrushchev that the first launch of the artificial satellite of the Earth and the first flight of a person in space. The period of the Khrushchev reign has an unofficial name - "Khrushchev thaw".

L.I. Brezhnev

At the post of Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU Khrushchev, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (October 14, 1964) was changed. For the first time, the selection of the leader of the party was made not after his death, but by shifting from office. The era of the Board of Brezhnev entered the story as "stagnation". The fact is that the Secretary General was a convinced conservative and an opponent of any reforms. Continued " cold War"Which was the reason that most of the resources went to the military industry to the detriment of other areas. Therefore, during this period, the country practically stopped in its technical development and began to lose with other leading powers of the world (excluding military industry). In 1980, the XXII Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow, which boycotted some countries (USA, Germany and others), in protest against the introduction soviet troops In Afghanistan.

During the time of Brezhnev, some attempts were made to discharge tension in relations with the United States: American-Soviet agreements were concluded about the limitation of strategic offensive arms. But these attempts crossed the introduction of Soviet troops to Afghanistan in 1979. In the late 80s, Brezhnev was already actually not able to manage the country and was only considered the leader of the party. On November 10, 1982, he died at his dacha.

Yu. V. Andropov

On November 12, the place of Khrushchev occupied Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, who was previously led by the State Security Committee (KGB). He achieved sufficient support among party leaders, therefore, despite the resistance of former supporters of Brezhnev, and was elected general secretary, and then the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Having become at the helm, Andropov proclaimed the course for socio-economic transformations. But all reforms have been reduced to administrative measures, the strengthening of the discipline and the exposure of corruption in the highest circles. In foreign Policy Confrontation with the West only intensified. Andropov sought to strengthen personal power: in June 1983 he holds the post of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, while remaining the general secretary. However, Andropov did not spend a long time in power: he died on February 9, 1984 due to kidney disease, did not have time to accomplish significant changes in the life of the country.

K.u. Chernenko

On February 13, 1984, the post of head of the Soviet state occupied Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, who was considered the applicant for the Secretary-General even after the death of Brezhnev. Chernenko occupied this important post in 72 years, being severely ill, so it was clear that this is only a temporary figure. During the reign of Chernenko, a number of reforms were taken, which were not communicated to their logical completion. On September 1, 1984, the day of knowledge was celebrated for the first time in the country. March 10, 1985 Chernenko died. Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev occupied his place, later became the first and latest president of the USSR.

Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU - the highest position in the hierarchy communist Party And by and large leader of the Soviet Union. In the history of the party there were four more positions of the head of its central office: Technical Secretary (1917-1918), Chairman of the Secretariat (1918-1919), responsible secretary (1919-1922) and the first secretary (1953-1966).

Persons who replaced the two first positions were mainly engaged in paper secretarial work. The position of responsible secretary was introduced in 1919 by fulfillment for administrative activities. The post of the Secretary-General, established in 1922, was also created purely for administrative and personnel intrapartare work. However, the first Secretary of Joseph Stalin, using the principles of democratic centralism, managed to turn not only in the leader of the party, but also the entire Soviet Union.

At the 17th Congress of the Party of Stalin, they did not formally re-elected to the post of Secretary General. However, his influence was already enough to maintain leadership in the party and the country as a whole. After Stalin's death in 1953, Georgy Malenkov was considered the most influential member of the secretariat. After the appointment, Nikita Khrushchev came out to the position of Chairman of the Council of Ministers and the first secretary of the Central Committee was released in the party.

Not infinite rulers

In 1964, the opposition inside the Politburo and the Central Committee removed Nikita Khrushchev from the post of the first secretary, by choosing Leonid Brezhnev to his place. Since 1966, the position of the head of the party began to be called the Secretary-General. In Brezhnev times, the authorities of the Secretary-General were not limitless, since the members of the Politburo could limit its powers. The country's leadership was carried out collectively.

By the same principle, like the late Brezhnev, managed the country Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko. Both were elected to the highest party post, when their health had worsened, and worked as a genecian position for a short time. Until 1990, when the monopoly of the Communist Party was eliminated, Mikhail Gorbachev supervised as Secretary General of the CPSU. Especially for him to preserve leadership in the country, in the same year the post of President of the Soviet Union was established.

After the August coup of 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev left the Secretary General's post. He was replaced by the Deputy Vladimir Ivashko, who worked as an acting Secretary-General only five calendar days, until the moment of the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin suspended the activities of the CPSU.