Typical Soviet officer Johar Dudaev. Johar Musaevich Dudaev - Field Commanders of Militants - About War in Chechnya - Local conflicts - Russian soldiers as a reliable support of Russia

Johar Musaevich Dudaev (Chech. Dudine Musa-Kiant Jovhar; February 15, 1944, Yalhorea - April 21, 1996, Gehi Chu) - Terrorist, Chechensky political figure, Leader of the 1990s of the 1990s for the Department of Chechnya from Russia, the first president of the self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991-1996). In the past - Major General Aviation, the only Chechen General in Soviet army. Member of the CPSU since 1968. Generalissimus CRI (1996).

Biography

Johar Dudaev was born on February 15, 1944 in the village of Pervomaysky Galancheogo district of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR (now Achkhoy-Martan district of the Chechen Republic). He was the youngest, thirteenthy child of Musa and Rabiatius Dudayev, he had three brothers and three sisters of relatives and four brothers and two sisters of the only one (children of his father from the previous marriage). Johara's father was a veterinarian.

The exact date of the birth of Johara is unknown: during the deportation all documents were lost, and because of big number Children's parents could not remember all the dates (Alla Dudayev in his book "Million first: Johar Dudaev" writes that the year of birth of Johar could be 1943, and not 1944). Johar was a leaving from Tapa Cescho from the genus Tati Nekay. His mother of Rabiat was an outcomality from Tapa Our, from Hibakha. Eight days after his birth, the Dudayev family was deported to the Pavlodar region of the Kazakh SSR during the mass deportation of Chechens and Ingush in February 1944.

According to the Russian political scientist Sergey Kurginyan, in the link the Dudayev family adopted Wirdzhy VIRD (Religious fraternity established by Vis-Haji Zagiyev) of the Kadyrian sense of Sufi Islam:

A particularly strong impulse for the development of Cadyrian, after the deportation of Chechens in Kazakhstan in 1944 in the 50s in the 50s in the Tselinograd Region of the Kazakh SSR among the heated there, the youngest and radical VIR Cadrium - Virk Hadji Zagyeva was formed. During the reference to Kazakhstan, the Dudayev family (returned only in 1957) the elder brother of Johara - Bekmraz - jumped to Virmed Vis-Haji Zagyeva. To date, Bekmraz is a member of the group of setting (mentors) of this Virde. Johar Dudaev made a bet on this youngest and large VIRD Cadrian Tarikat in Chechnya. The Council of Elders was formed mainly from Virda Vis-Haji Zagiyev and other Virods Cadrizy. Nakskbadyi's settings were announced by the "aspen Nest of the KGB", and the followers of Vis-Haji Zagyeva are the most pure supporters of the national idea.

When Joharu was six years old, Musa died, that he had a strong influence on his personality: his brothers and sisters studied badly, often missed school, while Johar studied well and even was elected an old-fashioned class.

Through for a while, Dudaevi, together with other deported Caucasians, transported to Chimkent, where Johar studied to the sixth grade, after which in 1957 the family returned to their homeland and settled in Grozny. In 1959 he graduated from high school number 45, then began to work by an electrician in SMU-5, at the same time he studied in the 10th grade of evening school No. 55, which he graduated in a year. In 1960 he entered the physico-mathematical faculty of the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute, but after the first course secret from the mother went to Tambov, where, listening to a one-year course of lectures on profile training, entered the Tambov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilotchikov named after M. M. Rodkovoy (1962-1966) (Since Chechens then were inaccuingly equated to the enemies of the people, then upon admission to Johara had to lie that he was Ossetians, however, receiving a diploma, he insisted that his personal case would enter his present origin).

AT Armed Forces The USSR since 1962, the service was held on the command posts of the UCV system parts. At the end of the school in 1966, he was sent to the 52nd Guards Instructrial Silent Bomber Aviation Regiment (the airfield of the Shaykovka Kaluga region) to the post of Assistant Commander of the Air Ship. In 1968 he joined the ranks Communist Party. In 1971 he entered, and in 1974 he graduated from the team faculty of the Air Force Academy. Yu. A. Gagarin.

Name:Johar Dudayev (Dzhokhar dudayev)

Age: 52 years old

Activity: officer, politician

Family status: was married

Johar Dudaev: biography

The biography of Johar Dudayev was extremely saturated with events, and the quotes and statements of men still remember. The personality of the leader is contradictory, alone is called his hero, and others - a terrorist.

Childhood and youth

Johar Musaevich Dudayev was born in the village of Yalhorea Galancheogo District, the USSR, today - an abandoned place. The boy was the 13th child of Musa and Rabiati Dudaev. Johar had native 3 brothers and 3 sisters, as well as the only 4 brothers and 2 sisters that were children of the Father from the previous marriage. The boy's father was a veterinarian.

The exact date of the birth of Johara is unknown, because during the period of deportation all the documents were lost, and because of the large number of children, parents could not remember all the dates. According to one version, Johar appeared on February 15, 1944, but some sources suggest that he could be born in 1943.

After 8 days after the birth of the boy, the Dudayev family deported to the Pavlodar region of the Kazakh SSR during the mass resettlement of Chechens and Ingush.

The death of his father had a strong influence on the identity of the six-year-old boy. The brothers and sisters of Johahar studied badly and often stripped school, and the boy tried to learn and even elected an old-fashioned class. After a short time, the Dudaevy family transported to Chimkent (now Shymkent), where Johohar reacted to the 6th grade.

And in 1957, the family returned to the native land and settled in Grozny. After 2 years, he graduated from high school No. 45, and after the electrician began to work in SMU-5. Johar simultaneously studied in the 10th grade of the evening school number 55, which he graduated in a year.

In 1960 he entered the Faculty of Fizmanate of the North-Ossetian Pediatric Institute. After graduating from 1 course in secret, I went to Tambov, where he listened to the course of lectures on profile training and entered the Tambov Vwawul named after M. M. Obokova. Due to the fact that Chechens were inexplicitly equal to the enemies, when entering the educational institution, Dzhokhar sewed that he was Ossetian. But, receiving a diploma with honors, Dudaev insisted that this nationality was inscribed in his personal matter.

Career

Johar Dudaev served on the command posts of the UCV system parts since 1962. At the end of the school in 1966, Johara was sent to the Kaluga Region of the Kaluga region at the Aerodrion, where the man took a vacancy of the Assistant Commander of the Air Ship.

In 1968, he joined the ranks of the Communist Party, and in 1971 he entered the command department of the Yu. A. Gagarin Air Academy, finished educational institution In 1974. In parallel with learning since 1979, he served in 1225 heavy bombarding airlock. There in the future will take the position at first the airlock's deputy head, after the head of the headquarters, the commander of the squad and subsequently - the regiment commander.

In 1982, he was appointed head of the headquarters, and from 1985 to 1989 it was transferred to the same position in Poltava (Ukraine). According to the then colleagues, Johar was emotional, but at the same time honest and decent man. Then the man had convinced communist glances.

General Johar Dudaev

In 1988, a combat departure was made to the West Afghanistan area on board the bombers. He introduced the technique of carpet bombing of the opponent's positions. But Johar denied the fact of active participation in hostilities against Islamists. The title of Major General Johara was awarded in 1989.

After the events in Vilnius Dudayev spoke on the Estonian radio with a statement. He noted that if soviet troops Will be sent to Estonia, it will not miss them through airspace.

As recalls, in January 1991, when he made a visit to Tallin, Johar provided him with his own car. On him, Boris Yeltsin returned back to Leningrad.

On October 27, 1991, Johar Dudayev was elected by the President of the Chechen Republic Ichkeria. Even with obtaining this post a man continued to appear in public in military form.

The first indication of Dudayev was the proclamation of independence from the Russian Federation, which was not recognized by foreign states and Russian power. In November of the same year, the National Guard was created, and in mid-December, the free weapon is allowed.

In March next year, the Constitution of the Czech Republic was adopted, in which the state was declared independent. In April 1993, a direct presidential board and a curfew was introduced in Chechnya.

Chechen War

Based on the decree of the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin on December 11, 1994 russian troops entered the territory of Chechnya. So the first Chechen war began.

Based on Russian sources, under the command of Dudayev, among other things, there were 15 thousand fighters, 42 tanks, 66 BMP and BT, as well as 40 anti-aircraft complexes. From aviation - 260 training aircraft, and the promotion of the FSB accompanied serious resistance.

By the beginning of 1995, after the terrible bloody battles, the Russian army established control over the city of Grozny and continued to move to the south of the republic. Dudayev hid in the mountains, constantly changed the location.

Personal life

At the time when Johar Dudaev met the Aleutina (Allah) Fedorovna Kulikova, he was a lieutenant of the Air Force. Acquaintance occurred in the Kaluga region, in the military town of Shaikovka.

In 1969, Johar married Alevtine, three children were born in the family: two sons - Avurba, date of birth on December 24, 1969, and Degi - appeared on May 25, 1983, as well as Danan daughter, born in 1973. According to the 2006 year, Johara has 5 grandchildren.

The wife divided garrison life with Johar and passed with him all the way: from Lieutenant to General. Despite all the difficulties, in the personal life of Alla Dudayev constantly supported her husband, being with him until the most ill-fated moment.

Death

From the beginning of the first Chechen war on Dudayev hunted the special services of Russia. Three attempts on the life of Dudayev ended in failure. The first attempt made a sniper, but he missed. The second murder attempt occurred on May 24, 1994, it was decided to blow up the car Johara. But then "Mercedes", on which Dudaev was driving, dropped a few meters and turned over. Neither a man nor his guards were injured.

The third case is an attempt to destroy the house of the leader with aviation. The building was laid a radio beacon. It must be said that Dudaev was always famous for the little animals: he left the house with all the protection 5 minutes before the issue of the aviation rocket.

On April 21, 1996, the Russian special services spotted a signal from the Dudayev satellite telephone in the village of Gehi-Chu 30 km from Grozny. In this regard, the SU-25 attack aircraft raised into the air with self-equipped rockets.

Presumably, Dudayev destroyed the rocket blow, it happened directly during the call on the telephone with the State Duma deputy by Konstantin Borov. Borovo himself is not sure that Dudayev was eliminated during the conversation. According to individual information, Johar was going to speak with the representative of Morocco Hasan II. His man called a possible candidate for mediators in negotiations with the Kremlin.

Documentary "Illusion" about Johar Dudayev

After this incident there was a lot of rumors that Johar Dudaev is alive. Some politicians said that a man is hiding in Istanbul. But frames dated April 23, 1996 were the final point in this story. Journalists "Westa" in the early 2000s presented the public photo, where there was a dead burned Dudaev.

In one of the interviews admitted that he loved and respected Johahar Dudayev. The people strongly supported the leader, otherwise people would not go after him.

Johar Dudaev received several awards: 2 orders and 4 medals.

Area information Dudayev's grave is unknown.

Memory

• The first memorial board of the memory of Johahar Dudayev was opened on July 20, 1997 in Tartu (Estonia) on the wall of Barclay hotels. The inscription on it reads: "First President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, General Johar Dudaev, worked in this house in 1987-1991.
• On September 20, 2007, the board was opened in Poltava at home number 6 on Nikitchenko Street.
• Square named after Johahar Dudayev in Vilnius - In September 1998, in the square, called the name of Johar Dudayev, who is located in the Vilnius Mikroyon Zhevorinas, a stone monument was opened. It is knocked out by the stitching of the poet of Sigitas Gady, dedicated to Dudaev.

The inscription on Lithuanian says:

"Oh, Son! If we rains the next century, and, stopping at the high Caucasus, look around: do not forget that there were men who raised the people and the freedoms of the holy ideals to protect "(translation literal)

• 1992 - documentary "Duki".
• 2017 - the documentary "Illusion".
• 2003 - the book "Million First: Johar Dudaev", by Alla Dudaev.
• Battalion named after Johahar Dudaev.

Johar Dudaev was born on February 15, 1944 in the village of Yalhorea, the Chechen Republic. Eight days after his birth, the Dudaev family deported to the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the mass deportation in February 1944.

After some time, Dudaevi, together with other deported Caucasians, transported to the city of Shymkent, the Republic of Kazakhstan. There, Johar studied before the sixth grade, after which in 1957 the family returned to their homeland and settled in the city of Grozny. In 1959 he graduated from high school number 45, then began to work by an electrician in the construction and installation department-5, at the same time he studied in the tenth grade of evening school No. 55, which he graduated in a year.

In 1960 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute. However, after the first year, I went to the city of Tambov, listening to a one-year course of lectures for profile training, entered the Tambov Higher Military Aviation School of the pilots named after MM Raskoy. He graduated from him in 1966. Later, he received a diploma of the Yu.A. Military Academy Gagarin.

Since 1962, he held military service on the command posts of the system parts of the Air Force. After the school in 1966, he was sent to the 52nd Guards Instructing Heavy Bombardor Aviation Regiment, at the Aerodrion of the Kaluga region to the post of Assistant Commander of the Air Ship. In 1968 he entered into the ranks of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Since 1970, he served in the 1225th heavy bombarding aircraft shelf, a white garrison in the Irkutsk region, the Trans-Baikal Military District, subsequently renamed the 200th Guard Heavy Bombardor Aviation Regiment. In the following years, consistently held the posts of the Deputy Commander of the Aviamol, the head of the headquarters, the commander of the squad, the regiment commander.

In 1982, Dudayev appointed the headquarters of the 31st heavy bombarding division of the 30th air army. From 1985 to 1989 he served as chief of headquarters of the 13th Guards Heavy Bombarding Aviation Division.

From early 1989 to 1991, he commanded the strategic 326th Ternopil heavy bombarding division of the 46th strategic army in the city of Tartu, Estonian Republic. At the same time, performed the responsibilities of the head of the military garrison. In 1989, he received the rank of major general aviation.

From November 23 to November 25, 1990, the Chechen National Congress was held in the city of Grozny, who elected the Executive Committee headed by the chairman of Johar Dudaev. In March next year, Dudaev demanded the Samorevo Supreme Council of the Republic. In May, laid down by General, adopted a proposal to return to the Chechen Republic and headed social movement. In June 1991, in the second session of the Chechen National Congress, Dudayev was headed by the Executive Committee of the National Congress of the Chechen people.

In October 1991, presidential elections were held, the victory on which Johar Dudaev won. With his first decree, Dudaev proclaimed the independence of the self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from Russia, which was not recognized by other states. President of Russia on November 7 issued a decree on the introduction of a state of emergency, but it was never implemented because there was still existed Soviet Union. In response to this decision, Dudaev introduced a martial law on his subjective territory.

Dudaev on July 25, 1992 spoke at the emergency congress of the Karachai people and condemned Russia for attempts to prevent the mountaineers to gain independence. In August King Saudi Arabia Fahd and Emir Kuwait Jaber As-Sabach invited Dudayev to visit their countries as president of the Chechen Republic. After that, Dudayev made visits to the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Turkey.

By the beginning of 1993, the economic and military situation in the territory of the Chechen Republic aggravated. In the summer there were permanent armed clashes. The opposition has formed the Temporary Council of the Republic led by U.D. Auturkhanov. On the morning of November 26, 1994, there was a shelling and assault of the city of Grozny by Russian special services and opposition detachments. By the end of the day, the Power of the Council left the city. After an unsuccessful storming of the city, the opposition could only count on military assistance center. The divisions of the Ministry of Defense and the Interior of Russia entered the territory of the Republic on December 11, 1994. The first Chechen war began.

In 1995, on June 14, a raid of militants detachment was held under the command of S. Basayev to the city of Budennovsk, Stavropol Territory, accompanied by a massive seizure of hostages in the city. After the events in the city of Dudayev, the Personal Staff of the Basayeva's squad assigned the Basayev title of a brigade general.

In 1996, on April 21, the Russian intelligence agencies began the signal from the Dudayev satellite phone in the village of Gekhi-Chu. Two Su-25 attack aircraft with self-controlled rockets raised into the air. Presumably, was destroyed by the blow of the rocket during the call on the phone. The place where Dudayev was buried, is unknown.

In 1997, on June 20, in the city of Tartu on the building of the hotel "Barclay" installed a memorial plaque in the general of the general. Later, they opened the board at home number 6 on Nikitchenko Street in the city of Poltava, Ukraine.

20 years ago, Russian special services spent their most successful operation Of the first Chechen war - April 21, 1996 the rocket issued with russian aircraft Johar Dudaev was killed.

Lieutenant Dudaev. Military Town Shaykovka Kaluga Region, 1967

According to the memories of this photo Anatoly Chichulin, just finished Johar's military school "drank like us. Snatched pork lard like everything. The conversations led exactly the same. " Sturman Zubarev then raised a toast for Dudayev: "It takes high ... If the air defense does not stop," hinting at the great deposit of young lieutenant.
And Starley turned out to be right, Johar Dudaev became a typical Soviet officer who made the classic career in the Armed Forces of the USSR - directly a sample of an excellent performance characteristics of a soldier, which was written until 1991.

During the service awarded the orders of the Red Banner and Red Star, medals

"During the passage of service in the Armed Forces of the USSR, Dudaev Johar Musaevich has established himself with a positive part of the competent, disciplined, executive officer.
Constantly raises their own combat readiness And professional skills - in 1971 he entered, and in 1974 he graduated with honors from the team faculty of the Air Force Academy. Yu.A. Gagarin.
For 25 years of service in strategic aviation, the command posts of the USSR Air Force of the Air Force from the assistant commander of a heavy bomber to the commander of the Division of Strategic Long Following Bombers are held.

Family family. Poltava, 1983

Morally stable - married the daughter of the Odo-Colchian Major Air Force Kulikova F.V., has three children (son - 1969. Of birth, daughter - 1973. Birth, son - 1983 birthday). Lives together with his wife and children, the relationship in the family is good.

Colonel Dudaev, 1987. Photo from the home archive of Vladimir Elokhova

Ideologically, a member of the CPSU since 1968 is ideologically, a member of the CPSU, among which uses authority and respect.
Military and state secrets keep able to "

Colonel Dudaev with navigunents after the flight, 1987. Photo from the home archive of Vladimir Elokhov

It was a characteristic on Dudayev, close to reality. But extract from the real premium sheet:
"Colonel Dudaev Johar Musaevich from 1988 to 1989 took an active part in the development of combat operations on the application of bombing strikes on the objects of rebel, the introduction of new tactical techniques for conducting hostilities in the conditions of mountainous terrain of the Republic of Afghanistan. Personally 3 combat departure to Gardes, Gazni and Jelalabad districts. The aircraft led by the aircraft executed 591 flights. At the headquarters of the Islamic Committee of Rebel, Live Silence and other facilities, 1160 Fab 3000 and 56 Fab 1500 were reset. For courage and heroism, the skillful leadership of the Dudaev Dudaev Dudaev's operational group is worthy of awarding the Order of the Red Banner. "

Johar Dudaev was the pride of Chechens - their only Soviet general

In the murder of Dudayev on April 21, 1996 there was no need and it did not bring Russia any practical benefit - four months after his death, Khasavyurt agreements were concluded, which recorded the full defeat of Russia in the first chechen war.
The deputy head of the Russian delegation on the peaceful resolution of the conflict in Chechnya Arkady Volsky, somehow talked about some of the busy details of the negotiations with Dudaev a few months before his death:
"In the meantime, the president [Yeltsin] has been decided that the best way out if Dudaev leaves. Jordanians immediately agreed to give him a passport. Accordingly, it was supposed to receive the amount of the solid on arrival, again - help in transportation, aircraft. Security guarantees. We calculated only one option - departure.
[…]
Discussed an agreement [on the truce], Johar him in general praised, adding: "Treat negotiations on. To make a joint resolution, approve of its two governments." A little waiting, asks: "Arkady Ivanovich, why did you still search for a personal meeting with me?" Here, with maximum correctness, I laid out what was discussed in Moscow: Jordanian citizenship, passport, money, guarantees ...
He was completely offended: "How I was wrong in you, Arkady Ivanovich! I didn't think that you would make such an offer to me. To me, the Soviet officer, General, suggest a shameful to run. Yes, I calmly die here!" "

.
Johar Dudaev there and died. Died a typical Soviet officer, from the hands of its colleagues-pilot - the same typical Soviet officers, with the same typical service characteristics ...

Johar Dudaev was born on February 15, 1944 in the village of Pervomaysky Galancheogo district of Chechen-Ingush ASSR, the seventh child in the family. The leaving from Teip Yalhorea. Eight days after his birth, the Dudaev family was deported to the Pavlodar region of the Kazakh SSR among many thousands of Chechens and Ingush.

In 1957, together with his family, he returned to his homeland and lived in Grozny. In 1959 he graduated from high school number 45, then began to work by an electrician in SMU-5, at the same time he studied in the 10th grade of evening school No. 55, which he graduated in a year. In 1960 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute, then, listening to a one-year course of lectures for profile training, entered the Tambov Higher Military School of Pilots in the field of "pilot-engineer".

Military career before the start of the Chechen conflict

In the Armed Forces of the USSR since 1962, the service was held both on command and administrative posts.

Since 1966, he served in the 52nd instructor heavy bombarding shelf, started an assistant to the commander of the aircraft.

In 1971-1974 he studied at the Command Faculty of the Air Force Academy. Yu. A. Gagarin.

Since 1970, he served in the 1225th heavy bombardment air strike, where in subsequent years consistently held the posts of Deputy Commander Aviamol, headquarters, the commander of the detachment, the commander of this regiment.

In 1982 he became the head of the 31st heavy bombardment division of the 30th air army, and in 1985, it was transferred to a similar position in the 13th Guards Light Bombarding Division.

In 1986-1987, he took part in the war in Afghanistan: according to representatives of the Russian command, he was initially engaged in the development of a strategic aviation action plan in the country, then on board the Tu-22 MZ bomber consisting of the 132nd heavy bomber aviation airlock personally performed combat departures to Western regions of Afghanistan, introducing the T. Naz. Carpet bombing of the enemy positions. Dudayev himself, the fact of his active participation in hostilities against Islamists in Afghanistan has always denied.

In 1987-1991, he was the commander of the strategic 326th Ternopil heavy bombarding division of the 46th air army of strategic destination, at the same time performed the responsibilities of the head of the military garrison.

In the Air Force, the air-General of Aviation Major was delivered.

Start of political activity

On November 23, 1990, at the invitation of ideologues of the National Congress of the Chechen people Zelimkhan Yandarbiev and Movladi Udugova Dudaev arrived in Grozny at the I Chechen National Congress. On November 25, the Congress chose his own governing body - the Executive Committee, among whom, among others, a retired Major General Johar Dudaev was introduced among others. On November 27, the members of the Executive Committee unanimously accept the Declaration on the Education of the Chechen Republic Nohchi Cho ..

In March 1991, Dudaev demanded the Samorevo Supreme Council of the Chechen-Ingush Republic.

In May 1991, a laired general takes a proposal to return to Chechnya and head the growing social movement. On June 9, 1991, at the second session of the Chechen National Congress, Dudayev was elected chairman of the executive committee of the OCCHN, which was transformed by the previous executive committee of the SBS. From this point on, Dudayev, as the head of the executive committee, the OCC began the formation of parallel authorities in the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, stating that the deputies of the aircraft "did not meet confidence" and declaring them with "usurparators".

In early September 1991, a rally was headed in Grozny, who demanded the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the Chiassr due to the fact that on August 19, the party leadership in Grozny supported the actions of the GCCP. On September 3, Dudaev announced the deployment of the Sun Chiassr. On the same day, television center, the house of the radio and the house of political visiting were captured by the Ocean. On September 6, the Supreme Council of Chiassr was overclocked by the Armed Supporters of the window. Dudayevtsy beat the deputies and thrown out the chairman of the Grozny City Council Vitaly Kutsenko into the window. As a result, the Chairman of the City Council died, and more than 40 deputies were injured. On September 8, Dudayevtsi seized the airport and CHP-1, the center of Grozny was blocked.

On October 1, 1991, the decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the Chechen-Ingush Republic was divided into the Chechen and Ingush Republic.

President of the Chechen Republic Ichkeria

On October 27, 1991, presidential elections were held in Chechnya, the victory on which Johar Dudaev won, scoring 90.1% of the vote. With his first decree, Dudayev proclaimed the independence of the self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from the RSFSR, which was not recognized as Russian authorities or any foreign states, except for the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. On November 2, the Congress of People's Deputies recognized the past elections invalid, on November 7, President of Russia Boris Yeltsin issued a decree on the introduction of an emergency in Chechnya and Ingushetia, but it was not implemented. In response, Dudaev introduced a martial law on the territory subject to him. Armed seizing the buildings of power ministries and departments, disarmament of military units, blocking the military towns of the Ministry of Defense, the railway and air transportation were stopped. Occhen called Chechens living in Moscow, "turn the capital of Russia to the disaster zone."

On November 11, the Supreme Council of Russia, where most of the places were from the opponents of Yeltsin, did not approve the presidential decree, actually supporting the self-proclaimed republic.

In November-December, the CRI parliament has decided to abolish the existing authorities in the republic and about the revocation of People's Deputies of the USSR and the RSFSR from CRI. Decree of Dudayev was introduced by the right of citizens to acquire and storing firearms.

Foreign policy

In December-February, the seizure of the left weapons continued. In early February, the 556th regiment of the internal troops was defeated, attacks on military units were committed. More than 4 thousand units were kidnapped small arms, Approximately 3 million ammunition, etc.

In January 1992, the President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia was overthrown as a result of the armed coup. Dudaev sent the aircraft and a special group headed by the personal bodyguard Abu Ausanukayev for the family of Gamsakhurdia in Yerevan. Dudaev posted a family of Gamsakhurdia in his residence in Grozny. In February, Dudaev and Gamsakhurdia announced the project to create the "Union of Military Forces of the Transcaucasian" - association of all the Transcaucasian and North Caucasian states in the league of Russia independent from Russia.

On March 3, Dudayev said that Chechnya would sit at the negotiating table with the Russian leadership only if Moscow recognizes its independence. Nine days later, on March 12, the Chry Parliament adopted the Constitution of the Republic, declaring it with an independent secular state. On March 13, Gamsakhurdia signed a decree on recognizing the state independence of Chechnya, and on March 29, Dudaev signed a decree recognizing Georgia as an independent state. Chechen authorities, almost without encouraging organized resistance, seized the arms of Russian military unitsdeployed in Chechnya. To May Dudayevtsy captured 80% military equipment and 75% of small arms from the total number of military on the territory of Chechnya. At the same time, after the public coup in Azerbaijan, when the People's Front of Azerbaijan came to power in the country, headed by his leader Abulfaz Elchibem, Dudaev established contact with the new leadership of this South Caucasian Republic. In one exclusive interview, given in 2005, ex-president Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze told the following:

«

After Abulfaz Elchibay became president of Azerbaijan, I called him to establish relationships and offered to meet. He told me that while he had no time and when it would be needed to inform. Exactly 6 months after that we met in Baku. At the beginning of the conversation, Elchibey asked me: "Do you want to meet with the president of Chechnya Dudaev?". I said that I came to the Baku to meet with Elchibey, and not Dudayev. He said: "Floor below Dudaev is waiting for you, I ask you to meet with him." It was at a time when Chechens fought in Abkhazia against us .... Her and I went down. I firmly greeted the Dudaev in Caucasian custom. He proposed to create an anti-Russian Union and make a statement about this. I knew the strength of Russia and therefore calmly stated that Georgia could not lead against Russia. Dudaev listened to me and said that if I refuse, he would give a similar request to Elchibay. There was no longer the topic to continue the conversation and I returned to my homeland. Then I did not hear anything about this union.

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On July 25, Dudayev performed at the emergency congress of the Karachai people and condemned Russia for attempts to prevent the mountaineers to gain independence, promising Karachayov to provide any help "in the struggle for long-awaited freedom and national dignity." In August, the King of Saudi Arabia Fahd and Emir Kuwait Jaber As-Sabach invited Dudayev to visit their countries as president of the Chechen Republic. During prolonged audiences, the King and Emir Dudaev raised the issue of establishing diplomatic relations at ambassadors, but the Arab monarchs said they would be ready to recognize the independence of Chechnya only after relevant consultations with Russia and the United States. According to the results of the visit, no documents were signed: according to the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic Arthur Umansky, the Arab leaders wanted to avoid reproaches from Moscow. Nevertheless, at the unofficial level, the monarchs everywhere demonstrated to Dudaev. The king of Fahd visited with him the sacred for Muslims the city of Medina and the main shrine of Islam, the Al-Kaabi temple in Mecca, having accomplished a small hajj. Emir Kuwaita arranged in honor of Dudaev a gala dinner in the presence of ambassadors of 70 countries. In Saudi Arabia, the Chechen leader also held negotiations with the President of Albania Sali Berish and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Haris Silayjch.

After that, Dudayev makes visits to the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Turkey. At the end of September, Johar Dudaev visited Bosnia, where at that time she went civil War. However, French peacekeepers were arrested at Sarajevo Dudayev Airport and his plane. Dudayev was released only after a telephone conversation between the Kremlin and the UN headquarters.

After that, Johar Dudaev went to the United States, accompanied by the Deputy Prime Minister Mayrbek Mugadayev and the mayor of Grozny Beslan Gantemirov. According to official sources, the purpose of the visit was to establish contacts with American entrepreneurs to jointly develop Chechen oil deposits. The visit ended on October 17, 1992.

Constitutional crisis in Chechnya

By the beginning of 1993, the economic and military situation in Chechnya aggravated, Dudaev lost its former support.

On February 19, the Constitution of the Czech Republic, according to which the Presidential Republic was introduced by its decision of Dudayev. A survey was organized about the approval of the Constitution, in which 117 thousand people were affirmed, of which 112 thousand approved the project.

On April 15, a permanent rally of the opposition on theatrical square in Grozny began. Parliament took a call for citizens about the restoration of lawful power in the republic and appointed a referendum on the confidence in the Parliament and the President on June 5. In response to this, on April 17, 1993, Dudaev dismissed the Government of the CRI, Parliament, the Constitutional Court and the Grozny City Assembly, introducing direct presidential board and the Commandant hour throughout Chechnya, and appointed Zelimkhan Yandarbieva vice-president.

Shortly before the referendum, armed Dudayevtsy arrange the defeat of the Central Election Commission. On June 4, the opposition rally was shot, the buildings were taken by the buildings of the Municipality of the Terrible and Central City Hall, as a result of which approximately 50 people were killed.

At 3 hours 30 minutes on August 8, several unknown broke into the Cabinet of Dudayev, located on the 9th floor of the presidential palace, and opened fire, but the security shots opened a retaliatory fire, and the attackers disappeared. During the attempt, Dudaev was not injured.

Fighting armed opposition

In the summer of 1993, permanent armed clashes occur in Chechnya. The opposition turns out to be issued to the North of the Republic, where alternative authorities were formed. At the end of the year, Chechnya refuses to take part in the elections of the State Duma and the referendum on the Constitution, the Parliament comes against the inclusion of the Regulations on Chechnya in the new Constitution as a constituent of the Russian Federation.

By the beginning of 1994, the Dudayev regime turns out to be weakened by internal contradictions, instability and disintegration of the Office. The opposition forms the Supreme Council of Chechnya, led by Umarvurbanov. In response, Dudaev unfolds new repression against the opposition. In particular, in August, more than 200 oppositionists were killed in the Urus-Martan district. On August 10, Grozny passed a national congress organized by the supporters of Dudayev. The congress spoke in favor of universal mobilization and announcement of the "Sacred War" of Russia.

On September 20, Umar Auturkhanov stated that all peaceful ways to solve the Chechen problem were exhausted. On September 30, the helicopters of the Temporary Council were raised on the Grozny airfield, destroying the part of Dudayev's aviation.

On October 15, the forces of the Interim Council entered the Grozny, practically not meeting resistance, but then moved away from the city, as if he had received a certain order from Moscow. After receiving armored vehicles, the military potential of the Temporary Council increased significantly. November 17 began preparations for the new storming of Grozny.

On the morning of November 26, shelling and storming of the Terrible detachments of the opposition takes place. The Terrible includes three armed columns in three directions. Without a combat, televisioner was busy, near which three tanks remained. It was also reported that the presidential palace was taken by a detachment of participating in the assault on the side of the opposition of the field commander Ruslana Labazanov. Tankists who took positions from Tolentra were soon subject to the attack of the Abkhaz battalion of Shamil Basayev and surrendered to the television center guards. By the end of the day, on November 26, the forces of the Temporary Council left Grozny. The defeat of the opposition was due to the various objectives of its groupings, restricting the planning of the operation by the capture of the center of Grozny and attracting the Dudaev regimen to reflect the assault. Dudayev's forces were captured by Russian servicemen who fought on the side of the opposition under the contract with the Federal Service for the Counterintelligence of the Russian Federation.

After an unsuccessful storming of the Terrible opposition could only count on military assistance center. On December 11, the divisions of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia entered the territory of Chechnya on the basis of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin "On measures to curb the activities of illegal armed formations in the territory of the Chechen Republic and in the zone of Ossetian-Ingush conflict."

1995.

At the direction of Johahar Dudayev in Chechnya, the camp content of prisoners of war and civilians was created.