Women in China's army. Number of Army China Military Transport and Aviation Aviation

The Armed Forces of the PRC are the most numerous in the world. The number of China's army as a common structure is 2,480,000 people. The combination of combat capacity is still in third place after the United States and Russia. The composition includes: Air Force, Naval forces, land forces, strategic rocket forces and folk militia. For divisions, the equipment is characterized by both modern and very obsolete technique. Due to the increased level of secrecy, quantitative assessments of the Chinese military equipment Often, only approximate nature is worn.

In 2010, a new military reform was launched, designed to increase the number and quality of China's army. For 2019, a sharp jump in the combat capability of the aircraft PRC is marked. According to the current Chinese military doctrine, measures are taken to implement the so-called "principle of access limiting". It is designed to create forbidden zones in China and the nearest water areas where they will not be able to conduct martialctions Even the US Sun. Complex measures are being implemented on the creation of non-flight zones and countering aviance of shock groups. Much attention is paid to the development of nuclear forces, as well as the increase in space grouping and security in cyberspace.

Air Force

The number of military personnel of the Air Force as part of the Chinese Army is 330 thousand people for 2019. The Air Force of the PRC has a mixed fleet of modern and outdated aircraft, an extensive network of airfields, including extremely fortified underground, equipped in mountain arrays. Used both cars of Russian and own production, often resorting to illegal copying russian appliances. The Air Force also includes anti-aircraft missile troops.

Aviation is divided into the following main categories:

Strategic aviation

Strategic aviation is one of the components of the Chinese nuclear triad and represented by 130 long-distance bombers-rocket cubs XIAN H-6, in fact, finalized copies of the outdated Soviet Tu-16. Depending on the modification, H-6 can carry from 2 to 6 winged rockets With nuclear warheads. Presumably in parts of the Air Force deployed from 120 to 150 nuclear warheads of the strategic and tactical class, which is approximately a quarter of the total nuclear potential of the PRC. Unlike the aircraft of American and Russian strategic aviation, Chinese bombers have a much smaller range and loading capacity, in fact not being intercontinental.

Tactical aviation

The composition includes: fighters-bombers - 24 Su-30MK2, 73 Su-30 mkk, 43 Su-27C, 32 Su-27BK, 205 J-11 (clone Su-27), 323 J-10, 120 JH-7, 4 FC-1, 12 J-20 (5th generation), as well as outdated bomber fighters and attack aircraft - 192 J-8 (modification based on MiG-21), 528 j7 (clone MiG-21), 120 q- 5 (MiG-19 attack aircraft), 32 Multipurpose helicopter Z-9, 200 shock helicopters Z-10 and Z-19, several dozen CAPP V-750

In the nomenclature of weapons, unmanaged weapons predominantly dominate, although there is a fairly wide range of high-precision, including controlled airbabs, anticulate and anti-workers, various air-earth missiles and air-air with active radiation. The large achievement of the Chinese defense industry is to launch into serial production of a multi-purpose fighter fifth generation J-20.

Airplanes DROL

The composition includes: 4 KJ-200, 2 KJ-500, 4 KJ-2000, 1 KJ 3000.

Chinese DRON are built on a modern elementary database and generally meet the standards that are placed on machines of this class, although there are some doubts as making headlights and software.

Military transport and auxiliary aviation

The composition includes: 2 XIAN Y-20, 16 IL-76 MD \\ TD, 1 IL-78, 4 Y-9, 61 Y-8 (AN-12), 2 Boeing 737, as well as several more dozen medium-class transport workers And about 300 light An-2, about 40 transport helicopters of Russian, own and French production.

On the this moment China's Air Force possess a small amount of heavy transport aircraft, so the possibilities of transfer of military equipment are very limited.

Anti-aircraft troops

It is in service with about 120 divisions of the HQ-2, HQ-6, HQ-7, HQ-9, HQ-12, C-300 PMU. As auxiliary force in the Chinese Army there is a large number of artillery anti-aircraft systems (more than 1100).

China's air defense system is an impressive force, the SPK is predominantly located in the eastern coastal and central regions. There are measures to create a deeply echelonized air defense system and covering high-range complexes with the help of a SPR and a low-range SPR.

Naval

The Navy PRC has a significant combat potential and are the most rapidly growing type of troops. The number of Navy servicemen in China's army for 2019 is 290 thousand people. Currently, the fleet is fully completed using domestic shipbuilding companies, although the specimens purchased in Russia are still in Russia. Crafts and submarines underwater boats are equipped with modern high-precision weapons of various classes. The breakthrough of the Chinese industry in the field of electronics, allows you to introduce modern Bius on a fleet (only on the destroyers of PR 052D and 055), approaching its functionality to the possibilities american system IJIS, as well as modern radar and anti-submarine equipment.

The fleet is conditionally divided into the following categories:

Fleet of shipped rocket weapons

The composition includes: type 4 kunming type, 052d type, 6 Lanzhou type destroyers, PD. 052C, 2 Esminet type 051c, 1 ESMINIS type 051B, 2-type destroyer type 052, 16 mesmina type "Lyada" type 052 051, 4 Mesmina type "Modern": 956E, etc. 956EM, 2 frigate type "Jiancay" Ave. 054 / 054a, 10 frigates like "Jianway-2", Ave. 053h3, 4 frigate type "Jianway", etc. . 053h2g, 29 frigates of the type "Jianghu-1", paragraph 053, 28 Corvettes Ave. 056 / 056A, 83 missile boats PR 022, 31 Rocket boat project 037, 25 missile boats PR 024.

The large number of rocket boats in the composition of the Navy makes it possible to effectively solve the tasks of coast guard and counteract the larger enemy ships in coastal waters. The extensive fleet of Corvettes is mainly concentrated on anti-submarine tasks. About a third of OT. total The destroyers are modern. 4 Esmina PR 052 D (it is planned to build another 8) are very innovative for the Chinese fleet and are comparable to american destroyers Type "Arly Burk" (without capacity-potential). The construction of a series of even more advanced destroyers of the project 055 has begun, 16 is scheduled.

Underwater fleet

The composition includes: 4 Plarsb Ave. 094 "Jin" (carrier of the BRPL JL-2, 12 rockets on the boat, range 7200 km), 1 PR. km), 4 mPlastk Ave. 093 "Shan", 1 APL Ave. 097 "Kin", 4 APL Ave. 091 "Han" (outdated),

15 DEPL PR 041 "Yuan", 10 DEPL PR. 636, 2 DEPL PR. 877EKM, 13 DEPL Ave. 039 "Song" (039 / 039A / 039G), 13 DEPL PR. 633 "Romeo" (obsolete)

Navy PRC possess one of the strongest fleets of DEPLs in the world (largely due to modern Russian boats PR 636). Because of its low-noise, represent a serious threat to ship connections of any opponent, so special attention is paid to the development of DEPLs in China as part of the "Access Remissal" strategy. The Fleet of the APUs is actively developing, both in the field of creating multipurpose boats and the plars. A significant part of the Chinese forces of nuclear deterrence is on underwater platforms, being one of the components of the nuclear triad. In terms of low-noise APL, while the tangible lag from advanced models of Russian and American fleets remains.

Amateur fleet

The composition includes: 4 UDC type "Qinchenshan" Ave. 071, 25 BDK type "Yikan" Ave. 072, 15 Yuidao type AD. 073, 4 MDC "Bison", 32 MDK type "Yulin", Ave. 079 , 10 MDC type "Yuihai", paragraph 074

China's armed forces actively increasing the number of marines, landing ships of new projects are laid. PR 071 helicopters are the largest ships in the Chinese fleet after Liaoning's aircraft carrier as a whole, the airborne fleet of the PRC has significant potential and is able to extract rather large divisions of the marine infantry.

Sea aviation

In service with the Navy is the only Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning (redoned by the Soviet "Varyag"), has a 24 fighter SHENYANG J-15 fighter, 4 helicopter DRO Z-18J, 6 anti-submarine helicopters Z-18F, 2 search and rescue helicopter Z -9c.

In the marine airfield of airfield base: Multipurpose fighters - 24 Su-30MK2, 110 J-11/15/16 (clones of various versions Su-27), 24 J10; 230 obsolete fighters, bombers and attack aircraft J7, J8, Q5 (converted versions of MiG-19 and MiG-21), 36 distant bombers N-6, 19 Ka-28 helicopters, 27 Z-8 helicopters, 25 Z-9C helicopters, 9 Ka-31 helicopters.

Despite the fact that the Army of China maintains a large number of outdated equipment on the balance sheet, there are 134 modern in sea aircraft multipurpose fightercapable of performing challenges on anti-worm struggle and the provision of air defense at considerable sections of the coastal water area. The disadvantage of the Chinese naval aviation is the lack of modern anti-submarine aircraft.

Ground forces

Number of land chinese army For 2019, about 870 thousand people are about 870 thousand. For a long time, they obeyed the leadership of the Central Military Council, and his chairman was one of the most influential figures in the PRC, but in 2015 a separate military command of the land forces was created for the first time. At the moment, represent the strongest terrestrial shock group in the region.

Inportant: 3400 Tanks type-59 / 59-2 / 59d (Modifications of Soviet T-54), 300 Tanks Type-79, 500 Tanks Type-88 and Modern: 2200 Tanks Type-96 / 96A, 40 Tank Tanks-98A , 750 Tanks Type-99 / 99A, 750 Light Tank Tank-03 / Type 62 / Type 63a, 200 Wheel Tanks Type-09: 1850 BMP Type-92 / 92A / 92B, 1650 BTR Type-63, 1500 BTR Type-89 , 400 BTR ZBL-09, 100 BTR WZ-523, 1820 SAU of various modifications, 6340 towed tools and mortars, 1810 RSZO (BM-21, WS-2 / WS-2D, WS-3), 1570 anti-aircraft guns, about 3000 PZRK, several thousand PTRK HJ-8, HJ-73, AFT-20, Red arrow.

Special attention deserves the power of Chinese artillery and a large number of China's land armed for 2019. In service cost unique complexes WS-2 and WS-3 RSZO, significantly superior to Western and Russian counterparts and shooting accuracy, closely approaching their capabilities to operational-tactical missile complexes With much less cost. They ensure the accuracy of hitting the CVO 30 m at a distance of up to 200 km. It was on the basis of these complexes that the Belarusian RSZO Polonais was created in the framework of military cooperation.

It is also possible to attribute the introduction of the 3rd generation in the land forces in the ground forge (principle-forgotten) with optical and infrared guidance systems. At the moment, such systems can produce only 5 countries of the world (USA, Israel, China, Japan, South Korea) Since they require high-tech production of uncooled thermal imaging matrices.

Rocket-nuclear

In China, this type of strength is the official name "The 2nd Artillery Corps". The number of personnel is about 110 thousand people. What the real number of this secret division in the composition of the Chinese Army remains a mystery. All data relating to this kind of troops are approximate.

The total potential of China's nuclear forces is estimated at about 400-600 nuclear blocks of strategic and tactical classes. Of these, about 250 charges of the strategic class are distributed between the components of the triad. For mobile ground-based MBR platforms, an extended network of underground tunnels was created, both under the Beijing and in various (predominantly mountainous) areas of China, which significantly increases the secrecy and stability of nuclear forces from the likely first strike from the enemy.

The composition includes: MBR - 20 DF-5A, 28 DF-31A, 16 DF-31, 10 DF-4. BRSD - 2 DF-3A, 36 DF-21C, 80 DF-21. BRRD - 96 DF-15, 108 DF-11A, as well as 54 kr long DH-10 range.

For new ICBMs based on DF-31 modifications, it is characterized by placing on moving ground platforms. It is assumed to have 3-4 nuclear blocks on one rocket. In addition to the listed types of missiles, the latest ICBM DF-41 begins to enter, where it is probably a divided into Chinese rocket combat part on 10 individual guidance blocks. This means that China has achieved technological parity in rocket lighting with the United States and Russia.

Truly unique is the DF-21D medium range rocket with a maneuvering warhead and a guidance system that allows you to attack large moving targets (class of aircraft carrier). It was created within the framework of the "Access Revenue" strategy, by implementing an extremely effective asymmetric response to USA's superiority in the field of marine arms and AURA in particular. In fact, it is a completely new class of anti-relocated rockets with a record-low dumping time and a 550 km shooting range. According to the claims of the Pentagon analysts, the emergence of such missiles can completely prevent the entry of the American fleet to the Taiwan Strait in the event of a conflict between the PRC and Taiwan, and is also the first threat to the global domination of the US Navy since the end of the Cold War.

People's Militia

The People's Militia of the People's Republic of China is militiated units of the internal troops (the analogue of the Rosgvardia). Engaged in maintaining order in China, the fight against terrorism, the protection of important objects and are border service. According to various estimates, the number of Chinese "inner" army for 2019 is from 1 to 1.5 million people.

Woman soldier - yes or not? Still is a controversial issue. Women are created to care for children and provide comfort at home when their men are fighting.

Warrior's female - time immemorials was only an exception to the rule, and today, in the 21st century, a policeman and a woman soldier has long been surprised for a long time.

2. Israeli military forces during training at the military base in the south of Israel on February 12, 2007. REUTERS / ELIANA APONTE

3. The Israeli platoon commander Rachel Levant is tested by combat suitability, in the sports center near Netanya on February 22, 2007. REUTERS / ELIANA APONTE

4. Special military training of policemen with men during training in Yinchuan, Northwest China Ningxia-Huiesky, May 28, 2007. Reuters / China Daily

5. Women employees of the Philippine National Police show their skills during demonstration performances at the headquarters of the police in Tagiw, south of Manila on October 30, 2007. Reuters / Romeo Ranoco

6. Women American soldiers walk along Mogadishu Beach with weapons, July 11, 1993. Reuters / Dan Eldon

7. A policeman charges a pistol during shooting competition among women-police officers on the occasion of the upcoming International Women's Day in the Russian city of Stavropol, March 5, 2008. Reuters / Eduard Korniyenko

8. Palestinian women Military during a military show in Saladine, near Damascus July 15, 2010. Reuters / Khaled Al-Hariri

9. North Korean women soldiers on the shores of the Yalu River near North Korean city of Syriase, July 27, 2010. Reuters / Jacky Chen

11. Women soldiers help each other to make lips in front of the Military Parade in Beijing, July 29, 2010. Reuters / Jason Lee

12. Women soldiers dressed in traditional clothes during a military parade in Mexico City, September 16, 2010. Dozens of thousands of Mexicans flocked on the street to celebrate the 200th anniversary of Mexico's struggle for independence from Spain. REUTERS / ELIANA APONTE

14. Women of Soldiers of the China People's Liberation Army (NAK) of the Ground Forces go build on Tiananmen Square during a massive parade on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Republic of China in Beijing October 1, 2009. Reuters / David Lewis

15. Women of soldiers from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the capital Kinshasa, February 18, 2006. Reuters / David Lewis

16. The woman of Islamist rebel forces raises the weapon near the stadium in Mogadishu, Ethiopia, January 14, 2009. Reuters / Ismail Taxta

17. Soldier from the honorary guard looks back, the official meeting ceremony of the Saint Lucia Prime Minister Stevenson King in Havana, January 7, 2010. Reuters / Enrique de la OSA

20. Croatian military on shooting in snow conditions at a military base near Zagreb January 31, 2003. Four women members of the division of the Croatian Army, which will go to Afghanistan in February as part of the German NATO Mission division. . Reuters / Nikola Solic

21. Baghdad residents pass by women american soldier For patrols in trade orders, May 26, 2008. Reuters / Mohammed Ameen

22. The government soldier carries a baby on his back, in the east of the Congo, January 26, 2009. Reuters / Alissa Everett

23. The Women's Cadet Corps marches in a military school in Bogota March 4, 2009. Reuters / John Vizcaino

Major A. Akimova

In the PRC, military business has long been considered a purely male occupation. For centuries, women allotted only the role of the keeper of a homely focus and any military career they could not think. However, since 1927, when the first partisan detachments of the Communist "Red Army" were created, who later became the People's Liberation Army of China (NAK), women began to take on military service, which gave them the opportunity to join the Communist Party, and the presence of a party ticket was opened for prospects for further career growth.

The feasibility of adopting women in military service in China is also due to such inherent "weak" semi qualities, such as perference, responsibility, discipline, perfection and diligence in the study of military disciplines.

In addition, socio-economic factors affect the decision to devote themselves to the army: a high level of unemployment; Insufficient material support; the availability of social and economic benefits in servicemen, including the possibility of obtaining earlier and increased pension funds; The possibility of professional self-realization and official career, etc.

To date, the service in the Armed Forces is considered the privilege among young people for both young men and girls.

According to the law O. military Meetiness Call for military service are subject to both men and women aged 18 to 22 years, and the term urgent service The same - two years. According to information agency Xin-Hua, the latter accounts for up to 7.5% of the total number of NAK's servicemen.

Servicemen carry a service both in the trolation troops, communications or medical service and in the ground forces, the Air Force, Navy, NVM (folk armed militia), folk militia and troops special purpose. At the same time, the "weak" floor is attracted as not only translators, medical personnel, but also operators of radar, combat information and control systems, etc.

According to the information agency Xinhua, women make up to 7.5% of the total number of NAK servicemen. To date, China refers to countries with the highest number of women's women.

So, for the first time, women pilots appeared in transport aviation In 1952. On March 8 of the same year, the Group in this composition made the first demonstration flight over the Tiananmen Square in Beijing. In the future, the pilots participated in research test flights, eliminating the effects of emergency situations and air parades.

Since the 2000s, the Air Force of China began to prepare women pilots and army aviation. So, in 2009, the first group of Women-pilots of Jiankhun-7 bombers was formed. The girls graduated from the NAA Air Force Flight Institute with the assignment of the title of Lieutenant of the Air Force.

In 1991, women-soldiers first started serving the service in the Navy on one of the ships of the South Fleet, and in 2002 they took part in a round-the-world campaign. Today, the "weak" floor is included in the divisions of the marines, crews of both combat and auxiliary ships, where cabins are distinguished by high levels of comfort.

According to the Chinese media, women also serve in the ranks of special purpose troops since 1995. The leadership of the People's Republic of China adopted such a decision in 1979, based on the experience of warfare in Vietnam, where Chinese units were staffed by such a composition showed courage, heroism and diligence when performing their tasks.

In 2013, the first female special purpose division was formed in NAAK. The program for the preparation of his personnel involves the acquisition of the skills of handling small arms, driving a car, performing parachute jumps, mastering the foundations of climbing. In addition, they are trained by ways of self-defense and hand-to-hand combat, orienteer.

The selection to the new female unit was conducted in 12 Chinese provinces. Candidates should have had higher educationGood physical training, they also needed to pass an interview. Despite the rather short period of existence, these divisions have a very high level of training and can effectively solve any tasks.

In 2009, a separate female folk militia battalion "Iron Roses" as part of about 350 people took part in a military parade in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the PRC formation. For the first time, the calculation of the female militia participated in the parade on the occasion of the formation of the PRC in 1958.

Thus, the military-political leadership of the PRC, paying attention to the development of NAK, and serious importance gives it to the acquisition of military personnel by women. This helps to increase the country's defense and an increase in the professionalism of the national armed forces, as well as strengthening the moral spirit of their personnel in the interests of maintaining the stability of the internal situation and confrontation by external and inner threats.