Animals southern America list. Animal Andes And The Unique Fauna of the Mountains of South America. Fish and birds of South America

South America is the fourth largest mainland, he lies in the southern hemisphere. Five climatic belts Determine the features of plant and animal world: Equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical and moderate, most of the mainland has a warm climate.

Vegetable and animal worlds are very rich, many species are found exclusively here. South America - a record holder in many ways, here the longest and the very largest river in the world of Amazon flows, there are the longest mountain range of Andes, the largest mountain lake Titicaca is located, this is the rainy mainland on Earth. All this has significantly affected the development of wildlife.

Nature different countries South America:

Flora World of South America

The vegetation world of South America is considered to be the main wealth of the mainland. Such well-known plants like tomatoes, potatoes, corn, chocolate wood, rubber tree were open here.

Wet tropical forests of the northern part of the mainland still amazing the wealth of species, and today scientists continue to open new types of plants here. In these forests there are different types of palm trees, a melon tree. On 10 square kilometers of this forest accounts for 750 species of trees and 1,500 species of colors.

The forest is so thick that it is extremely difficult to move on it, make it difficult to move and Liana. A characteristic plant for the rainforest is Saiba. The forest in this part of the mainland can reach a height of more than 100 meters and distributed to 12 levels!

South of the Selva are alternating wet forests and savannahs, where the Quebono tree grows, which is famous for very solid and very heavy wood, valuable and expensive raw materials. In Savannap, small forests are replaced by thickets of cereals, shrubs and rigid herbs.

There are still south of Pampas - South American Steppes. Here you can find many types of herbs, ordinary and Eurasia: Kickl, Bearded, oatmeal. The soil here is quite fertile, since the precipitation falls less, and it does not wash away. Shrubs and small trees grow among herbs.

The south of the mainland is the desert, the climate is more severe there, and therefore the vegetation is much poorer. Shrubs, some types of herbs and cereals grow on the rocky soil of the desert of Patagonia. All plants are resistant to drought and constant weathering of the soil, among them - resinous Chanyar, Chukuraga, Patagonian Fabian.

Animal World of South America

Animal world, like vegetation, is distinguished by tremendous wealth, many species have not yet been described and not qualified. The richest region is Amazon Selva. It is here that there are such amazing animals like sloths, the world's smallest poultry in the world, a huge number of amphibians, among which poisonous frogs, reptiles, including huge anaconds, the world's largest rodent capybaru, tapir, jaguars, river dolphins. At night in the forest hunts the wild cat Ocelot, resembling a leopard, but found only in America.

According to scientists, 125 mammalian species, 400 species of birds and an unidentified number of types of insects and invertebrates live in rules. The Water World of Amazon is rich, the most famous representative is the predatory fish of Piranha. Other famous predators are crocodiles and Caymans.

Savannas South America also differ in the rich fauna. There are carnighs, amazing animals covered with plates - "Armor". Other animals, which can be found only here - Ants, Nanda Ostrich, Point Bear, Puma, Kinkagu.

In the pampas of this mainland there are deer and lamas that live on open spaces, and which can find herbs here that feed on. In Andes there are special inhabitants - Lama and Alpaca, the thick wool whose wool saves them from the highlands.

In the deserts of Patagonia, where only rigid herbs and small shrubs grow on rocky soil, mostly small animals, insects, different types of rodents are inhabited.

South America includes the Pacific Galapogo Islands, on which amazing turtles are found, the largest representatives of the family on Earth.

As you guess, and in South America there are many fatally dangerous creatures for the man. In most part, this is due to the fact that northeast region The continent is in the power of big and impassable jungle Amazon. Honestly, if there were no Amazon, it would be difficult to compile a list of deadly animals. The only threat would probably have come from the fact that you could flood to the death of Lama or to carry Condor. Amazon is a truly the only real territory, stuffed with dangerous animals, rich by the mighty river and tropical forests.

Many of the animals in this list are unique for this part of the world, although some of them have their own equivalents in other places. Some have already entered various lists of "in the jaws of animals", but most of them are specific for this corner globe.

10. Giant Anaconda

Photo. Giant Anaconda (Lat. Eneces Murinus)

If there was a competition among the most dangerous animals of South America, from which the least of all people died, the championship would be shared and anaconda, or perhaps even notorious! In fact, there is little doubt that these animals are incredibly dangerous, but statistically speaking, they actually, maybe they did not kill anyone.

There is little doubt that Anaconda can kill a person. With a weight of over 250 kg (500 pounds), a giant (green), Anaconda is the most severe snake in the world. It is also one of the longest snakes, some copies reached in length more than 7 meters (20 feet).

Anaconda hunts his prey in water from the ambush. Like crocodiles, they will wait mainly under water so that their booties come so close so that they can realize their lightning attack. Unlike powerful crocodile jaws at Anacond, the main weapon is their body, which they use to pay around the production and literally squeezing life from it. They are not poisonous, but they have sharply curved teeth, intended for the initial seizure of production. With each surveillance of the victim, Anaconda is stronger squeezing its deadly hugs.

IN wildlife Anaconda feed on almost any animal, which they can catch, including pigs, deer, and even Caymans. It was documented that they had eaten deer as large as a small adult, which once again confirms their potential to kill a person.

One of the often caused reasons why they do not kill people, is that they cannot miss their shoulders through their mouth. In fact, this is a myth, they have incredibly flexible ties of the mouth along with force, thanks to which they are capable of squeezing shoulders if necessary.

As far as we know, according to one study (the book "The history of the life of the Green Anaconda (Enectes Murinus) with an emphasis on reproductive biology") there are reports only about two registered predatory and both of them were committed on people studying them in the field. It is very likely that these figures are so small, since the habitats of a person and snake are very little overlap, but it is also likely that it may change with an increase in environmental impact on the anacond habitat.

9. Ordinary Piranha

Photo. Normal Piranha

Piranha is one of the most famous cannibals. Equipped with sharp as a razor with teeth and inclined to food intimacy when hitting the first drop of blood into the water, these fish have a frightening reputation, they are able to blame the person to the bones in a matter of seconds.

However, the truth does not quite correspond to rumors and legends. Yes, indeed over the years, there were several fatal piral attacks there, but they are unlikely that they are so scary in Amazon. And they certainly can cause some unpleasant injuries, but how did they become such fearless?

The legendary status of Piranhas as a killer relates to us by the 1900s when Theodore Roosevelt ( ex-president America) visited Amazon. Local fishermen arranged a show for Roosevelt fierce behavior of pirani. They blocked the water in the river and for several days they morn a pirande hunger. After they, one cow dragged into the water and Piranhas in accordance with their reputation quickly separated it to the bones. Not knowing that this episode was created specifically for Roosevelt, he later wrote about the fish-killer, and the rest has already become a story.

8. Black Cayman

Photo. Black Cayman (Lat. Melanosuchus Niger)

South America is home to several species of crocodiles, at least three of which can be considered dangerous for a person. This is american crocodile, orinoc crocodile and black kiman. They can all grow to 6 meters (20 feet) in length, which makes them dangerous predators South America, at least they are commensurate with.

Of the three types, Black Cayman is most common and often occurs on the continent. The American crocodile is more common in Central America, while the Orinok crocodile is under threat of disappearance. Thus, if you still be lucky enough to see a huge crocodile in South America, it is likely that it will be black Cayman.

Do not doubt that these Caymans are able to kill people. People saw how larger individuals hunted almost everything that dwells in their environment. These were other Caimans, deer, tapir, anaconds, giant otters and various agricultural animals. There are several reports on Cayman attacked on jaguars, although often happens on the contrary.

With this in mind, it is not surprising that every year in the Amazon area there are several fatal attacks per person.

7. Horrible leisure

Photo. Terrible leisure (lat. Phylobates Terribilis)

The bright yellow color of the terrible leisure is not strongly promoted by the disguise of the jungle Colombia. Quite the opposite, in reality, this little frog informs everyone about the fact that it is the most poisonous vertebral on Earth.

The frog is toxic, but not, it does not have any mechanism like a fang or sting to introduce your poison victim. Instead, the skin of terrible leisure contains a powerful alkaloid toxin, known as Batrahotoxin. This poison of the victim blocks nerve impulses, which leads to paralysis and possible heart failure. It is estimated that the poison of one frog is enough to kill from 10 to 100 people or 20,000 mice. As you know only one animal possesses immunity to this toxin - this is the frog itself!

It is quite interesting that the eldrases, which are bred in captivity are not toxic. This indicates that they receive their deadly poison from ants and beetles they eat.

Video. Terrible leisurelazes

6. Giant otter

Photo. Giant Oter (Lat. Pteronura Brasiliensis)

Giant (Brazilian) otter is the most large member Family kunih. This is a family predatory mammals With a terrible reputation. They are able to kill animals much more of their own weight. In this family, there are such species as the ermine, these animals are well known in that they often attack the extraction much more than they themselves.

The gigantic otter reaches a length of up to 1.7 meters (5.6 feet) and weighs up to 32 kg (70 pounds), it covered with solid muscles, armed with powerful jaws and sharp teeth. Moreover, they hunt in family groups Up to ten individuals, because of this, their locals are often called "river wolves." Fast aggressive and smart giant otter has several natural predators.

Most of the diet of the otter consists of fish, although they can sometimes hunt a small Cayman and even anaconda. In groups of rations are able to kill almost everything that is found in rivers and jungle, they can challenge to everyone, including large Caimans.

Thus, it is possible to virtually no doubt to say that gigantic omens can even deal with a person who will encroacitate their habitat. But were there such cases?

It is known about two cases serious. The first case occurred at the Brazil Zoo on August 27, 1977, when a 13-year-old boy fell into an aviary with the widers. Passing by Sergeant of the Army, Silvio Delmar Hollenbach jumped to save the child, but could not get out. Despite the fact that the boy ran away, the sergeant was attacked 6 outers, as a result he received more than a hundred bite. Two days later, he died in a hospital from Sepsis, he received infection from bites.

This is not the only case when the gigantic otters contained in captivity caused serious harm to the person. In 2012, the gigantic otter escaped from the corps in the Zoo of Hamburg and attacked the cleaner. The bites on her hands and legs were so serious that she was hospitalized and found out in an artificial coma. If it were not for the intervention of two employees of the zoo, it may be much worse than the intervention.

5. Brazilian wandering spider

Photo. Brazilian wandering spider (Lat. Phoneutria Sp.)

The scientific name of the Brazilian wandering spider - Phoneutria, which speaks about the killer. This is a hint that this notorious spider-shaped is often assessed as. In the Guinness Book of Records He is recorded as the most poisonous spider On the ground, the bite of the wandering spider looks more like a snake bite. Powerful neurotoxin is about 20 times more powerful than that of the black widow spider and can lead to loss of muscle control, which in turn leads to difficulties with breathing, and in some cases, respiratory paralysis ends with a fatal outcome.

In addition to the potentially lethal neurotoxic effect of the bite, it is also considered very painful. But that's not all. One unsuccessful by-effect The bite of the Brazilian wandering spider is a painful erection that can last for several hours.

You should not throw away the risk of being branched one of these spiders and for many years a lot of people have died from the bite of this spider. But what makes them especially dangerous, this is the fact that they often come into contact with people and very aggressive. As the very name of this spider tells, they love to wander, climb into all inaccessible places, like lower shoes lying dirty underwear, folded logs of trees, cars and bonds of bananas, which is why they are sometimes called "banana spiders". There were cases when these spiders were in packs with bananas.

4. Jaguar

Photo. Jaguar (lat. Panthera ONCA)

Jaguar is the dominant predator of South American jungle and forests, he firmly occupies the top of the food chain. This is the third size of all big cats, ahead of the jaguar only tigers and lions. Jaguar weighs up to 150 kg (300 pounds) and reaches more than 1.85 meters (6 feet) from the nose to the base of the tail. Jaguar is a rather native and compact animal compared to other large cats, which in practical terms means that this is a strong animal for its size.

This force can be estimated at the strength of the bite of an animal, he has the strongest bite among any big cat, which he often uses in his hunting strategy. While other members of the Feline family go to the grip of the throat and the subsequent stroke, the murder method of the jaguar is to use powerful jaws to contact the skull of its prey and penetrate the brain. The powerful bite also allows it to penetrate the armored mining, such as armadors and turtles, in addition, it quickly copes with thick skin of Caymans.

Apparently, nothing eludes from the Jaguar menu, even black bears, whom one person in the United States. This suggests that it looks like Jaguar has some unwillingness to attack people. Per last years A few attacks of the jaguars ended in the death of people were committed, but for a year there is less than one death.

Apparently, we have no problems with jaguars, they do not really want to hunt us. Currently, they prefer to stay away from contact with people.

3. Speed-headed snakes

Photo. Skill snake

These snakes in South America lead to the greatest amount of fatal outcomes as a result of snake bite. In addition to their speed and "excitable nature," they are also often found in the densely populated areas, which makes this group of jam-leopard violets particularly dangerous.

Perhaps the most famous from the spear-headed snakes are: Kaisaka (Lat. Bothrops Atrox), an iaphrous snake (lat. Bothrops Asper) and an ordinary Zharaca (Lat. Bothrops Jararaca). These are large snakes that in length reach about 2 meters (6.5 feet) are equipped with the same hemotoxic poison.

Many have a neurotoxic poison that blocks nervous signals and causes paralysis. On the other hand, the hemotoxic poison destroys the tissues of organs and blood cells. How can you imagine it much painful and can lead to serious damage to the body. In fact, many victims require an amputation of the limbs even after effective treatment.

The chances of die from the bite of a speckless snake is about 1%, if the treatment is not in a timely manner, then chances may increase to 10%. Considering that every year about a thousand bites take place with these snakes, then an approximate number of deaths can be submitted. The bite itself causes local edema, vomiting and pain, often accompanied by a tumor at the bite and bruise. Systemic symptoms are usually: internal hemorrhage, hemorrhage of gums, eyes, etc. In turn, it can lead to shock and subsequent death, death may also come due to renal failure.

2. Akula

Photo. Stupid Shark (Lat. Carchahinus Leucas)

When they ask where the most infamous waters on the planet squealing sharks, people often remember Australia, South Africa or even Florida. You can also remember the big white shark as the main culprit of attacks on people. But it's not right. Brazil has one of the highest rates of sharks all over the world and the largest amount of death attacked.

In general, in the frequency of attacks of sharks in Brazilian beaches there is nothing unusual. Nevertheless, if you are traveling in the northeastern part of the city of Recife, then everything can turn around for the worse. Here, over the past 20 years, the coast is raised by mortal sharks attacks. There were more than 60 attacks and 22 of them became fatal. If you calculate, it turns out that the likelihood of a deadly outcome as a result of the attack is about 37%, on average around the world, this indicator seeks to 16% (two times). On these days, surfing on the beaches of Recife is prohibited and no one swims beyond the limits of urban beaches.

There is no convincing data to blame one or another type of sharks in each attack, but more often blame two types. First, which live close to the coast and in the mouths of rivers, as well as tiger sharks, which can be seen in deeper waters.

Until 1992, in this region, Brazil had no shark attacks, as well as throughout the country. So what changed?

Many people blame the development of the port in the south of Recife, which led to large-scale changes in the local marine flora and fauna. Local estones disappeared and in recent years, the level of cargo shipment has increased. Damage caused by local environmentIt is considered as one of the main reasons for the attack of bovine sharks, at the same time garbage emitted overboard ships, attracted tiger sharks that began to follow the ships.

Bad news is that there are plans for the construction of the port in the north of Recife, so that in this regard can be much worse than it was before.

1. Kiss Klop

Photo. Kiss Klop (Lat. Rhodnius Prolixus)

So we got to the most dangerous animal in South America, which does not terrorize the Amazon pool. This is an insect with a rather attractive name, the kiss bug, which was given due to the fact that he likes to be squeezed in the lips, eyelids. In fact, this insect has several other names that make it a little less attractive: Klop-predan and bug-vampire, two of them and should give some idea of \u200b\u200bwhat they do.

The cause of Sagas's illness is the simplest animal responsible for African sleepy disease (African Tripanosomoz), Trypanosoma Cruzi. Infection has two stages: an acute stage, which begins immediately and chronic stage, which can be maintained throughout life and cause serious health problems for decades.

Most of the most infected people do not manifest any symptoms and they can be completely intact. However, about 30% will have medical problems at a later age with a large percentage of subsequent development in potentially mortal heart and neurological diseases.

There is no treatment from Chagas's disease, although early treatment can stop its development.

Endemics of South America Pampa (steppe) Saberva Patagonia Savannah and Park Strolle (Campos)

Endemics -

(from Greek. éndemos - local), species, childbirth, families

plants and animals limited in their

distribution relatively small area

Vegetable world

Animal world

Victoria Amazonian

Paraguay tea tea

Orchids ...

Hummingbird ...

Anaconda

Capibara

Barny - Giant

• The sheet is withstanding the cargo to 50 kg.
• The flower diameter is 40 cm.
• Petal coloring varies from white to purple-dark.

Victoria Amazonian

• Evergreen tree height 6-16 m..
• Forms thickets, which are now significantly exterminated.
• From the leaves and young shoots prepare a tonic drink - Mate.

Paraguayan tea (MEE)

Masdevalia Weich

Masdevalia Bagry

Dracula Vampire

Hinny Tree Tree GEVEY Monkey-toy weight - 50-70g and up to 30 cm long.

• The most slow mammal
• Sleep, hanging down his back on the branch.
• On the limbs - crucible claws.
• Can do for a long time without food

Lives in more often Amazon forests

• Lives in more often Amazon forests
• Up to two meters long.
• It has a barbecue from horny flaps.
• Food is powered.

Barny-Giant

The largest rodent on earth

Capibara

Distribution area

Water boa, the greatest snake on the ground. Reaches a length of 10-11 m

ANACONDA

Black Cayman

Distribution area

Morphide Elena

Endemic Verkhovi R. Amazon (Peru).

Sailboat Oreliana

Endemic Verkhovi R. Amazon (Peru). The view is called the English naturalist Hebveson in honor of the Spanish conquistador of Orelian.

Sardanapalus

Rare Middle Amazon Endemic. Named by the famous English naturalist Henry Bates in honor of the last Assyrian king Sardanapal.

Amazon butterflies

Kholib

• The smallest bird on the ground, the size of a little more bumblebee.
• Makes 500 crawling per minute (as an insect).
• The flower does not sit down.

• Almost does not fly, most of the time holds on the trees.
• chicks have two fingers at the ends of the wings.
• It is powered by leaves and fruits like a ruminant animal.
• National Bird Guyana

Distribution area

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Endemics of South America.

2. Like Australia, South America is distinguished among the mainland uniqueness of the organic world. Long-term isolation from other continents contributed to the formation of rich and largely endemic organic world in South America.

The vegetation world of South America is represented by a large variety of endemic plants. Get acquainted with some of them.

3. Victoria Amazonian is common in the r. Amazon in Brazil and Bolivia, also meets in the Guyana rivers flowing into the Caribbean Sea.

Locals ordered this aquatic plant "Aponoy", which in their language means "piano for birds". Yeah, this flower is really something like this kitchen utensils.

The diameter of its sheet can reach 2 meters, while it can withstand the cargo, weighing up to 50 kilograms. Thanks to these achievements, Waterlink Victoria - Regia was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as "the largest flowering plant on Earth."

The lower side of the sheet is completely covered with sharp and long spikes that protect the sheet from herbivores and other aquatic animals. The lower side of the Victoria Amazonian dark purple or brownish-red.

The plant has small holes, through which all excess moisture leaves the surface of the sheet. Victoria itself has long cords-shaped roots.

Its flower is placed under water and appears on the surface only once a year - during flowering, which lasts only 2-3 days. At this time, a large flower of the pita appears in all its glory. Flower blooms only at night, and at dawn, he collects all his petals and goes under the water. On the first day of flowering, the flower dismisses the petals of gentle white. The next day, they already have a gentle pink shade, and in the last evening the flower becomes dark raspberry or purple. After that, it goes down under water and no longer appears. Underwater begins to form a large fruit containing small black seeds. Local Indians use them for the preparation of a very unusual dish, to taste resembling fried corn.

4. Paraguayan tea is an evergreen tree 6-16 m. In the wild state, it is common in South America between 12 and 33 ° of southern latitude at an altitude of 500-900 m above sea level, forms thickets that are now significantly exterminated. From the leaves and young shoots of Paraguayevsky tea, a tonic drink is prepared - Mate, for which it is cultivated.

For the preparation of beverage, the grumbling leaves of the MEE are poured with hot water. Mate's drink turns into a very solemn ritual.

Paraguayan tea as follows: In a special round cup, made of a small thin-walled pumpkin, beautifully painted, pouring the yerba powder, poured steep boiling water and insert a silver tube (bombing) with a shovel by the grade (extended ending with fine holes through which powder does not penetrate) . Drink is ready, it does not mix the tube, Yerba floats in boiling water in the form of a thick green casher. Mate do not drink sips, but with pleasure we suck him. There is a custom drinking a drink in turn. A cup of pumpkin walks in a circle until someone thanks the owner. Drink recommend slowly, but no more than a minute (to pass 2-3 throats of hot drink, so politeness).

The action of Paraguayan tea on the body is much more useful than Chinese. About half of the caffeine in Yerbe is in the associated state, as a result of which its action is soft; The use of Paraguayan tea improves the work of the heart and stomach, expands blood vessels, strengthens memory and nervous system.

According to some, drinking MEE contributes to the normal digestion and the correct metabolism and serves as a source of mental balance and vital energy. According to others, this is the greatest evil, bad habit, meaningless spending time, seating with diseases (we will pay attention that the drinking tube is recommended silver).

5. For forests in the river valleys, a significant amount of lian and epiphylet plants are also characterized by a significant amount of lian and epiphytic plants, among which the most beautiful orchids with their bizarre, diverse and brightly colored flowers.

2. Very rich and peculiar fauna of South America is distinguished by a large number of endemics: sloths, musicals, armadors, wide monkeys, Puma, Jaguar, Bakers, Nutria, Water-resistant - Capybara, Chinchilla, "Taggy Bear", etc.

6. Perhaps the most striking example of the environmental impact on the animal are the sloths - representatives of one of the three families of the endemic and characteristic of South America the detachment of incomplete. Like many monkeys, the sloths are very rarely descending to the ground and constantly hang, clinging to all four paws per branch of a tree, belly up and back down. In their coarse long dirty-ash wool directed from the belly to the back, in wet air Gillets settle algae, giving animals with greenish color. The sloths feed on the leaves and fruits, extremely slowly moving from the branch of the branch and for a long time, going around completely without food.

7. The terrestrial lifestyle also leads another representative of the incomplete - armadiors-giant, reaching a length with a tail of almost two meters. Usually, these only ones on Earth owners of the bone shell prefer open spaces, but the armadiole-giant lives in more often by Amazonian guilles.

8. Capybara is the largest rodent on earth. Length of body 1 - 1.8 m, weighing up to 70 kg. Always keeps nearby water; It dwells on the swamps, on the shores of flowing reservoirs. At the first signs of danger, the animal immediately dives under the water. There it can stay for about a minute. It is found in the northern regions of South America, mainly in the Amazon Basin and in Andes.

9. A living creature, intending to escape from the persecution of predators in the water, expect unpleasant meetings with Anaconda.

10. Among the trunks that are raised by the Amazon Rivers, you can not always quickly distinguish the back of Caymans, characteristic of only South America, or alligators.

11. Perhaps the more dangerous crocodiles is small (up to 30-40 cm) fish - Piranha (or Piranha). A flock of these voracious toothfish is capable of not worse than Anatoma in a very fast period to prepare to a skeleton any body (including a person).

12. Diluted fauna of reptiles, fish and insects.

And the birds here are a great set. No wonder South America is called the "bird continent." Here lives approximately a quarter of all bird species known to us. Half of the species of local birds belongs to endemics. This is Nanda, Goacin, Tukanans, Hummingbirds, parrots, etc.

13. Hummingbirds - "live self-auction stones" (or "flying jewels") Weight in 2-3 g - Hummingbirds are just some representatives of exclusively a variety of amazon birds. Hummingbirds only live in a new light, and the overwhelming majority of species - 233 - dwells in the tropical parts of South and Central America.

Buffon so characterizes these birds: "Of all living beings - the hummingbird is the most beautiful in shape, the most magnificent color. Precious stones and metals, which are artificially attached to their shine, cannot be equal to these alive jewels. These little birds are an exemplary work of nature. She trembled him with all the gifts, which was given to other birds separately. Ease, speed, dexterity, grace - everything became the lot of these small lovers. Smaragda, Ruby, Topazy sparkle on their clothes, which never dumps and not dust, because in all their air life they do not touch the earth for a moment. They are always in the air, fluttering from a flower on a flower, glitter and the freshness of which they are endowed with and whose nectar they drink.

Hummingbirds live only in those belts of the Earth, where the flowers are always resumed, and those types of this family that in the summer penetrate the temperate belt remains there only a short time. It seems as if they follow the sun in his progressive and reverse movement and on the wings of the marshmallow in the retinue of eternal spring. "

Hummingbird is the smallest of birds. The largest species are not more sparrow, the smallest - from the bumblebee. The beak in all species is thin, sometimes curved. With its help, the birds get nectar from flowers and catch small insects. Brightly painted only males, females and young have a more dull greenish or brownish plumage. Make the nest and feed chicks only females, the males do not participate in this. The nest is a dense, deep cup of vegetable fibers, vegetable fluff, wool, moss, braided cobwebs. In masonry 2 or, in small species, 1 egg.

Flight Hummingbirds is fast, maneuverable, they can flourish in place near the flower like a brand name, while heard a kind of buzz.

Most of the species live in open light places among the forest, by edges, thickets of shrubs and in the meadows, up to Alpine, are less common in the steppes and semi-deserts.

A number of species are associated with certain plants, on the flowers of which they feed, and their distribution is limited. There are species that find only one grief (for example, Chimborassian hummingbirds, living only on Mount Chimborace at an altitude of 4500 - 5000 m).

14. Rare Goacins are of particular interest; Their deprived plumages of chicks are cleverly climb on the trunks, recreating the image of Archeopterix. The Goacin is almost not flying, most of the time is held on the trees and rarely descend on the ground.

Food vegetable: Eats leaves and fruits that digest with fermentation, like a ruminant. From this, Goacin has an unusually opposite, unpleasant, on-cutting smell. Goacin meat has a sharp shaggy smell, inconsiderable and never emanated in food even with natives. The European settlers were called, therefore the Goacin of "Skyulyu Bird". The word "Goacin" is borrowed from the Aztec language. Goacin - national Bird Guyana.

Endemics of South America
Alpaca
Amazonian dolphin
Amazonian Lamin
Anda Cat
Giant Anaconda
Giant Murach
Mountain Viskash
Mountain Tapir
Bobbing slots
Degu
Dinoponer giant
Imperial Tamarin
Capibara
Dwarf Pink
Brown-thumping Mirumera
Feline otter
Cat Joffwru
Bald Wakari
Mary (rodents)
Mirikina
Ant-leafes
Ordinary nosecha
Pampas Cat
Striped dense-cooled opossum
Single Fox.
Crowded
Chilean cat
Chiloe opossum
Chinchilla
EXTOXICON
South American sea cat

Animal world of Andes.

Animals of South America are striking with their diversity, like her landscapes.

The most extended mountains on the planet are Andes, in length they make up about 9 thousand kilometers. These mountains are in different belts: in moderate, two subeequatorial, equatorial, subtropical and tropical, therefore, there are more plants in Andachs and a variety of animals occur.

In Nizhny Yarusa equatorial forests Fall and evergreen trees are growing, and at an altitude of 2500 meters there are coca trees and shrubs. In subtropical zones, cacti and lianas are growing. In Andes a lot valuable plants such as potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, coca, chiny trees.

There are more than 900 species of amphibians, 1,700 species of birds and 600 mammals, which are not found in big flocks, as they are separated by thick growing trees. Bright large butterflies and large ants live in the forests. In dense forests, a large number of birds nest are nearing, the most common are parrots, in addition there are many hummingbirds here.

On the animal world and the activity of people had a negative impact. There were a lot of Condors earlier here, but today they have been preserved only in two places: Sierra Nevada de Santa-Martha and Nude de Pasto.

Condor is the largest of flying birds on the west coast. It has a black brilliant plumage, and there is a collar of white feathers around the neck. On the wings there is a white border.

Condor females are significantly larger than males. Sexual maturity of these birds occurs in 5-6 months. They build nests on rocky cliffs, at an altitude of 3-5 thousand meters. In the masonry most often there is 1-2 eggs. Among the feathers, Condors are long-livers, as they can live about 50 years.

Andean Condor became simultaneously a symbol of several Latin America states: Bolivia, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Chile and Ecuador. In the culture of the nations of the Andes, an important role is assigned to these birds.

But, despite this, in the twentieth century the number of these large birds has declined significantly, so they hit the international red book. Today, Condors are in the group of threatened species.

It is believed that anthropological factors have become the main cause of degradation of the Condor degradation, that is, the landscapes have changed in which these birds lived. They are also poisoned by the carcasses of animals, which people shoot. Among other things, until recently, Condor was specifically shot, as it was the error that they pose a pet threat.

To date, consideration programs in captivity are organized in several countries, followed by their release to wildlife.

Unusual Islands Lake Titicaca

Unique animals live not only in Andes, but also areas of Lake Titicaca. Only here you can meet the Titika whistle and overlooking Chomgu.

Titica whistle - Frog-endemic Titicaca Lake.

Lake Titicaca unusually by its floating islands. According to the legends, the small tribes of the Indians, a few millennia ago settled on floating islands to separate from the rest of the peoples. These Indians themselves learned to build a straw of the island.

Each island of urose is formed from several layers of dry cane, while the lower layers are washed away with the time, but the upper layers are updated all the time. The islands of spring and soft, and through the reed in some places water seeps. Indians build their huts and make Balz de Tootor boats too from the cane.

Outless Chomga - Bird, from time to time to lake Titicaca.

To date, on the lake Titicaca there are about 40 floating islands of Uros. Moreover, on some islands there are observation towers and even solar batteries for energy generation. Excursions to these islands enjoy great popularity among tourists.

Animals endemics of South America

Deer Pudi is found exclusively in South America. The growth of these deer is small - only 30-40 centimeters, the body length comes to 95 centimeters, and the mass does not exceed 10 kg. These deers have little in common with their relatives: they have short straight horns, small ears of oval shape with wool, and the color of the body is gray-brown with fuzzy white spots.

Deer Pudi live in impassable thickets, and on open places Go out only at night to eat. Basically, they graze on the seashore, where there is a large amount of algae fuchsis, which make up the basis of the ration of deer.

IN summer time These deer are extremely careful, but in the snowy winters they approach the villages, where dogs are often attacked. Previously, the deer Pudi met in abundance in Chile, Argentina and Andes. But today there are only small populations in the seaside districts of Chile and on Chosel Island. Pudi is in the Red Book.

The animal world of South America has learned to survive in conditions of tropical rainfall, in proximity to people, and in high Andes. Due to the variety of climatic zones of South America, the unique fauna has been formed here, which people are obliged to preserve and multiply.

South America - Continent, whose animal world is incredibly rich and diverse. What animals live in South America, and what plants grow there ... Want to know?

South America - ranks 4th largest among the other continents of the globe. Each continent is inherent something unique and unique, and South America is no exception.

Even seeing a traveler, there is something to be surprised, there are wet tropical forests, savanna and Andes. This is the place of contradictions: the fiery land between Chile and Argentina is located in the Atlantic Cold Ocean, through Uruguay and Argentina, the dusty steppes of Pamppared, the majestic Andes with green valleys and coffee plantations are rising from the West, in the north of Chile there is an Atakam Desert, which is the most dry place on Earth, and in Brazil in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Amazon River, overgrown with impassable jungle.

Animal world of Andes.

Animals of South America are striking with their diversity, like her landscapes.

The most extended mountains on the planet are Andes, in length they make up about 9 thousand kilometers. These mountains are in different belts: in moderate, two subeequatorial, equatorial, subtropical and tropical, therefore, there are more plants in Andachs and a variety of animals occur.

In the lower yarus of equatorial forests, deciduous and evergreen trees grow, and at an altitude of 2500 meters there are chinful trees and Coca shrubs. In subtropical zones, cacti and lianas are growing. There are many valuable plants in Andes such as potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, coca, chinny trees.

There are more than 900 species of amphibians, 1,700 species of birds and 600 mammals, which are not found in big flocks, as they are separated by thick growing trees. Bright large butterflies and large ants live in the forests. In dense forests there is a large number of birds, the most common are parrots, in addition there is a lot here.

On the animal world and the activity of people had a negative impact. There were a lot of Condors earlier here, but today they have been preserved only in two places: Sierra Nevada de Santa-Martha and Nude de Pasto.

- This is the largest of flying birds on the west coast. It has a black brilliant plumage, and there is a collar of white feathers around the neck. On the wings there is a white border.

Condor females are significantly larger than males. Sexual maturity of these birds occurs in 5-6 months. They build nests on rocky cliffs, at an altitude of 3-5 thousand meters. In the masonry most often there is 1-2 eggs. Among the feathers, Condors are long-livers, as they can live about 50 years.

It became simultaneously a symbol of several Latin America states: Bolivia, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Chile and Ecuador. In the culture of the nations of the Andes, an important role is assigned to these birds.

But, despite this, in the twentieth century the number of these large birds has declined significantly, so they hit the international red book. Today, Condors are in the group of threatened species.

It is believed that anthropological factors have become the main cause of degradation of the Condor degradation, that is, the landscapes have changed in which these birds lived. They are also poisoned by the carcasses of animals, which people shoot. Among other things, until recently, Condor was specifically shot, as it was the error that they pose a pet threat.

To date, consideration programs in captivity are organized in several countries, followed by their release to wildlife.

Unusual Islands Lake Titicaca

Unique animals live not only in Andes, but also areas of Lake Titicaca. Only here you can meet the Titika whistle and overlooking Chomgu.

Titica whistle - Frog-endemic Titicaca Lake.

Lake Titicaca unusually by its floating islands. According to the legends, the small tribes of the Indians, a few millennia ago settled on floating islands to separate from the rest of the peoples. These Indians themselves learned to build a straw of the island.

Each island of urose is formed from several layers of dry cane, while the lower layers are washed away with the time, but the upper layers are updated all the time. The islands of spring and soft, and through the reed in some places water seeps. Indians build their huts and make Balz de Tootor boats too from the cane.

Outless Chomga - Bird, from time to time to lake Titicaca.

To date, on the lake Titicaca there are about 40 floating islands of Uros. Moreover, on some islands there are observation towers and even solar batteries for energy generation. Excursions to these islands enjoy great popularity among tourists.

Animals endemics of South America

Deer Pudi is found exclusively in South America. The growth of these deer is small - only 30-40 centimeters, the body length comes to 95 centimeters, and the mass does not exceed 10 kg. These deers have little in common with their relatives: they have short straight horns, small ears of oval shape with wool, and the color of the body is gray-brown with fuzzy white spots.

Not less wealth than plant cover, characterized by the animal world of South America. Modern fauna, like the Flora of the mainland, was formed since the end of the chalk period in conditions of isolation and a little changed climate. The antiquity of the fauna is connected with this and the presence in its composition big number endemic forms. Along with this, there are some common features of South America's fauna with other continents of the southern hemisphere, which indicates a long-time relationship between them. An example is the preserved, preserved only in South America and Australia.

All monkeys of South America belong to the group of wide-axis, absent in the fauna of the old light.

A feature of the fauna of South America is also the presence in its composition of three endemic families of incomplete, united in one detachment.

A large number of endemic species, childbirth and even families are among predators, hoofs and rodents.

South America (together with Central America) stands out to the neuropic area of \u200b\u200banimals and is part of its two subsections - Brazilian and Chilean-Patagonian.

Wet rainforests are characterized by the greatest originality and wealth, although animals are there and do not play a large role in the landscape, hiding in thick thickets or spending most of the time at high trees. The adaptation to the woody lifestyle is one of the features of animals of Amazonian forests, as well as animal forests of the Congo basin in Africa or the Malay archipelago in Asia.

IN tropical forests South America dwells all American (wide-axes) monkeys, divided into two families - chamber-like and quee. Fain monkeys of small size. The smallest of them reach a length of no more than 15-16 cm, their limbs are equipped with claws that help them hold on trees trunks. For many, the quest is characterized by a strong tail, which they cling to the branches of trees and which acts as a fifth limb. Among them, the genus of the revins, who received their name for the ability to publish far-heard cries. Spider-like monkeys with long flexible limbs are widespread.

Militians live in rainforests from representatives of the detachment of incomplete (Bradypodidae.). They are sediments and spend most of the time in a hanging position on the trees, feed on leaves and shoots. In the trees, the sloths climb confidently, and it is rare on Earth.

Some Murameni are also adapted to life on trees. For example, freely climbs on Tamanda trees; A small agent having a chain tail also spends most of the time on the trees. A large game is distributed in the forests and savanna and leads a ground lifestyle.

Predators of rainforests from the Feline family are Ocelot, small jaguarundi and large and strong jaguars. Of the predators belonging to the family of doggy, an interesting little forest, or a bush, a dog living in the tropical forests of Brazil, Guiana, Suriname and Guyana. To forest animals, hunting on trees, belongs (Nasua.) and kinku (Potos. f. lavus.).

Smooth, few in South America, are represented only by several kinds. Among them - Tapir (Tapirus. terrestris), small black pig-baker and tiny South American deer spiker.

Characteristic representatives of rodents in the forests of Amazonian lowland and other areas of South America- Wood chained dickery of coense (Coendu.), some skinned trees. Great harm to plantation tropical crops bring Aguti (DasyPrcta. aguti.), waving in the forests of Brazil. Almost throughout the mainland, especially in the Amazonian forests, watered Water Capybara (Hydrochoeerus. capibara.) - the largest of rodents, the length of the body of which reaches 120 cm.

In the forests of South and Central America there are several types of sophisticated rats, or opossums. Some of them are equipped with a tenacious tail and face trees well.

Amazon forests Kishat battle mice, among which there are species that feed on the blood of warm-blooded animals.

Very richly presented in the forests reptiles and amphibians. From reptiles stand out water boating anaconda (Eneces. murinos.) and land boa-content (Constrictor constrictor). Lots of poisonous snakes, lizards. Crocodiles are found in the waters of rivers. From amphibious frogs, some of them lead a woody lifestyle.

In the forests there are many different birds, especially brightly colored parrots. The most typical largest parrots - Ara. In addition, small sparrow parrots and beautiful, brightly opered green parrots are widespread. The most characteristic representatives of the Ornithofauna of South America, in particular the rainforest, - Hummingbird. These small bird-painted birds that feed on the nectar of colors were called insect birds.

Goatina also run in the forests (Opisthocomus. goatzin.), whose chicks have on the wings of claws that help them with lasagna on trees, sunny herons and herbal choppers, harpi - huge predatory birds, hunting on young deer, monkeys and sloths.

One of the features of the rainforest of the mainland is an abundance of insects, most of which endemic. There are blowing day and night butterflies, various beetles, ants. Many butterflies and beetles are beautifully painted. Some beetles glow so bright at night that about them can be read. Butterflies have huge sizes; The largest of them - Agrippa - reaches the wings of almost 30 cm.

The fauna is more dry and open spaces of South America - Savannan, tropical parel, subtropical steppes - other than dense forests. From predators, apart from Jaguar, the Puma (found almost throughout South America and coming to North America), Ocelot, Pamppot Cat. From the predators of the dog family for the southern part of the mainland, grievous VRRLK is characteristic. On the plains and in the mountainous areas, a fox of Pamppa is found almost all over the mainland, in the Far South - Magellanov Lisitsa. A small pampas deer is spread out of hoofs.

In Savannaps, forests and arable land, representatives of the Third American Facebook Face - Barny (DasyPodidae.) - Animals equipped with a solid bone shell. When the danger approaches, they break into the ground.

From rodents in Savannah and steppes there are Viskich and living in the ground Tuko-Tuco. Wolly beaver, or nutria, whose fur is highly appreciated by the world market, is widespread.

From birds, besides numerous parrots and hummingbirds, South American Ostrich Nadu are found. (Rhea.), some large birds of prey.

In Savannah and steppes, there are many snakes and especially lizards.

The characteristic feature of the landscape of South America is a large number of member. Some areas of South America periodically suffer from the invasion of the locust.

Mountain Fauna Andes differs in peculiar features. It includes many endemic animals that are not found in the eastern part of the mainland. The South American representatives of the family camel family are common throughout the mountain region. Two kinds of wild lamas are known - Vigin (Vicuna - Lama. vicugna.) and Guanaco (L.. guanicoe.). In the past, the Indians hunted them because of meat and wool. Guanaco was found not only in the mountains, but also on the Patagonian plateau and in Pamp. Now wild llamas are rare. Indians in Andes are bred two home species Lam - actually Lama and Alpaca. Lama (L.. glama.) - Large and strong animals. They carry gravity for difficult mountain roads, milk and meat are used in food, and they make coarse fabrics from wool. Alpaca { Lama. pacos.) break only because of its soft wool.

There are also a spectacled bear, some silent. Earlier, small endemic rodents of chinchilla were widespread (Chinchilla.). Their soft, slimy-umous gray fur was considered one of the best and expensive fur. Because of this, Chinchilla is currently very exterminated.

Birds are represented in Andes usually endemic mountain views of the same genera and families that are common in the east of the mainland. Condor is interested in predatory (Vultur. griphus.) - The largest representative of this detachment.

The fauna of volcanic Galapagos islands is distinguished by an extraordinary originality, as part of which the main place belongs to major reptiles - the giant landlocks and sea lizards (Iguanam). Many also various birds, among which there are representatives of both tropical and antarctic ornithofauna (parrots and penguins, entered by cold flow, cormorants, etc.). Among the few mammals can be called eared seals, some rodents and volatile mice. Many animals (goats, dogs, pigs) were brought to the islands and wild. Galapagos Islands declared a reserve.