Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is a part of the Ural Federal District (UFO) Russian Federation (RF)

Territory: 534.8 thousand sq. km

Population: 1350.3 thousand people

Administrative center - Khanty-Mansiysk

Director of the Oil and Gas Department -Panov Veniamin Fyodorovich

Head of the Territorial Department for Subsoil Use of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Rudin Valery Pavlovich

STATE AND USE OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS KHMAO.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Z animates the central part of the West Siberian Platform with a pre-Jurassic folded basement and a Jurassic-Cenozoic sedimentary cover. In the extreme west, the folded structures of the Urals are developed, composed of Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic formations. The subsoil of the district is rich in many types of fuels, metallic, non-metallic minerals, groundwater.

Hydrocarbon raw materials.

The Okrug is a strategic base for oil production in the Russian Federation. Prospective resources make up about 18% of the all-Russian resources, forecast resources are 47.0%. In terms of explored reserves, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug by far surpasses all other regions of the Russian Federation. The exploration of the initial total resources is 46.1%.

A total of 504 hydrocarbon fields have been explored in the district, including 429 - oil, 18 - oil and gas condensate, 20 - gas, 33 - gas and oil, 4 - gas condensate. The largest of them are the Samotlorskoye, Krasnoleninskoye, Priobskoye, Salymskoye, Vateganskoye, Fedorovskoye, Tyanskoye deposits.

In the structure of initial potential oil resources, current explored reserves (categories A + B + C1) and cumulative production make up 45.1%, preliminary estimated reserves (C2) - 10%, prospective resources (C3 + D1L) - 6.1%, forecasted resources (D1 + D2) - 37.8%. The exploited deposits account for 91% of the current explored and 62% of the preliminary estimated reserves. 237 hydrocarbon fields were commissioned. The distributed fund contains 487 license areas.

In the sedimentary cover of the WSP there are 7 oil and gas complexes (OGK): Cenomanian, Aptian, Neocomian, Achimov, Bazhenov, Upper Jurassic and Lower-Middle Jurassic, separated by regional seals; Paleozoic formations are distinguished in a separate oil and gas complex.

The initial total geological resources of oil in the oil and gas complex are distributed as follows: Neocomian - 49%, Lower Middle Jurassic - 19%, Bazhenov - 8%, Upper Jurassic (Vasyugan) - 8%, Achimov - 7%, Paleozoic - 5%, Aptian - 3%, Cenomanian - 1%. According to the phase state, the NDS are distributed as follows: oil - 88%, gas - 6.5%, condensate - 5.5%.

In 2005-08. 17 oil fields have been discovered in the distributed subsoil fund: Purumskoe, Zapadno-Nikolskoe, Ostapenkovskoe, Molodezhnoe, Yuzhno-Lykhminskoe (oil and gas), Zapadno-Novomostovskoe, Yuzhno-Valovoe, Podemnoe, Severo-Pokamasovskoe, Lugovoe, Vostochno-Golevoe, Ostrovnoe, Severo Molodezhnoe, Bobrovskoe, Severo-Moimskoe, Zapadno-Tukanskoe, Koimsapskoe.

Despite the fact that the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is the main oil production base in the Russian Federation, which accounts for 57%, the prepared resource base does not provide the required production levels. To date, giant hydrocarbon deposits (\u003e 3000 million tons) have been practically identified, large deposits (30-3000 million tons) have been identified by 45%, medium (10-30 million tons) by 37%, small (<10млн.т) на 15%.

In order to discover new deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials in the district, a prospecting program is being implemented. As part of its implementation, the territory of the unallocated subsoil fund is divided into 8 prospecting zones: Pre-Uralskaya, Yuilskaya, Serginskaya, Berezovskaya, Karabashskaya, Yuganskaya, Koltogorskaya, Vostochnaya. Each of the zones is divided into sections where subsoil users conduct prospecting work in order to discover hydrocarbon deposits.

Solid minerals.

Deposits of quartz, brown coal, ore and placer gold, zeolites, rare metals, glass sand, bentonite clays, building stone, siliceous raw materials, brick-expanded clay, building sand, sand and gravel material have been explored in the district.

In total, the distributed subsoil fund includes 5 quartz deposits, 7 alluvial gold deposits and 1 zeolite deposit.

Coal.

Six deposits identified in the Trans-Ural part of the Okrug are confined to the Severo-Sosvinsky brown coal basin. The largest of them are Lyulinskoe and Otorinskoe. The maximum productivity is characteristic of the Triassic sediments, much less for the Bajocian-Early Callovian sediments. Balance reserves (as of 01.01.2005)

Metallic fossilsare represented by deposits of primary and placer gold, manifestations of iron, chromites of copper, zinc, manganese, bauxite, titanium, zirconium.

Black metals.

The resources of iron ores in the P3 category are 5845 million tons, chrome ores - 170 million tons, manganese ores - 29 million tons.

Non-ferrous metals.

Copper resources in the P2 category are 250, P3 - 3550 thousand tons; zinc resources in the P2 category - 620, P3 - 4550 thousand tons; lead resources - 230 thousand tons Bauxite resources of P3 category - 152 million tons.

Noble metals.

On the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region as of 01.01.2006 12 alluvial gold deposits of 3328 kg were taken into account in the C1 + C2 categories, 1 ore gold deposit in the amount of 1.422 tons in the C1 + C2 categories. The estimated and approved inferred resources of ore gold are 128t per category P1 + P2 + P3, alluvial - P1 - 2t, P2 - 5t, P3 - 13t.

Rare metals.

Despite the poor study of the territory, in terms of titanium-zirconium content, it is possible to identify objects for the organization of prospecting and evaluation works in the western part of the Okrug. According to the results of predictive and mineragenic studies when compiling GGK-1000/3 on sheet P-41, resources of categories P3 for the Verkhnekondinsky area were: Ti - 367 764 thousand tons, Zr - 55 337 thousand tons, for the Khugotskaya area 258 271 and 35 337 thousand tons respectively.

Non-metallic minerals.

On the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug as of 01.01.2006. the reserves of vein quartz were taken into account - 368 thousand tons, incl. suitable for obtaining high grades of "special pure" quartz. The reserves of vein quartz prepared for open-cut processing are about 200 thousand tons; through resources in the category P1 + P2 + P3 - 705 thousand tons.

Zeolite reserves for two fields with unique filtration and sorption properties, they amount to 64.4 thousand tons in C1 + C2 categories.

The license issued for additional exploration of the Ust-Manyinsky bentonite deposit will in the near future remove the issue of this type of mineral raw materials. When prospecting in areas south of the field, additional areas of significant interest as license objects may appear.

The western part of the Okrug (left bank of the Ob) possesses unique resources of cristobalite-opal rocks (opokas, diatomites, diatomaceous clays). The resources of the Ob opalite-bearing zone allocated at GGK-1000/3 (sheet P-41), in the P3 category, amount to 41,963.5 million tons.

Estimation of proven reserves and predicted resources of solid minerals suggests that many of the species can provide not only the development of a number of industries in the Ural Federal District, but also the supply of raw materials to other regions of the country. This applies to brown coals, cristobalite-opal rocks, optical raw materials, etc., the resources of which are developed in negligible volumes or are not used at all.

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ORDER of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation 66-r of the Government of the Khanty - Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 496-rp dated 09.22-2005 ON APPROVAL ... Actual in 2018

LIST OF GENERAL MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS AREA - UGRA

Siltstone, mudstone (except for those used in the cement industry, for the production of mineral wool and fibers).

Anhydrite (other than used in the cement industry).

Bitumen and bituminous rocks.

Breccias, conglomerates.

Igneous and metamorphic rocks (except for those used for the production of refractory, acid-resistant materials, stone casting, mineral wool and fibers, in the cement industry).

Pebbles, gravel, boulders.

Gypsum (except for those used in the cement industry and for medical purposes).

Clays (except for bentonite, palygorskite, refractory, acid-resistant, used for porcelain and faience, metallurgical, paint and varnish and cement industries, kaolin).

Diatomite, tripoli, flask (except for those used in the cement and glass industries).

Dolomites (except for those used in the metallurgical, glass and chemical industries).

Calcareous tuff, drywall.

Limestones (except for those used in the cement, metallurgical, chemical, glass, pulp and paper and sugar industries, for the production of alumina, mineral feeding of animals and poultry).

Quartzite (except for dinas, flux, ferrous, abrasive and used for the production of silicon carbide, crystalline silicon and ferroalloys).

Chalk (except for those used in the cement, chemical, glass, rubber, pulp and paper industries, for the production of alumina from nepheline, mineral feeding of animals and poultry).

Mergel (except used in the cement industry).

Facing stones (except for highly decorative and characterized by a predominant output of blocks of groups 1 - 2).

Sand (except for molding, glass, abrasive, for the porcelain and faience, refractory and cement industries, containing ore minerals in industrial concentrations).

Sandstones (except for dinas, flux, for the glass industry, for the production of silicon carbide, crystalline silicon and ferroalloys).

Sand-gravel, gravel-sand, boulder-gravel-sand, boulder-block rocks.

Shell rock (except for those used for mineral feeding of animals and poultry).

Sapropel (except used for medicinal purposes).

Slates (except for combustible).

Loams (except for those used in the cement industry).

Peat (except used for medicinal purposes).

Oil resources and reserves

The initial recoverable potential oil resources of the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug are estimated at 39.6 billion tons, geological - at 121.1 billion tons. To date, half of the potential resources have been transferred to identified reserves of ABC 1 C 2 categories; remained undetected 20.2 billion tons of recoverable and 61.2 billion tons of geological oil resources. Of the total volume of undetected recoverable resources, 3.5 billion tons are assumed to be confined to the known traps prepared mainly by seismic exploration (localized forecast С 3 + Д 0), 16.7 billion tons - have an estimate in categories D 1 + D 2 (non-localized forecast).

As of January 1, 1997, 365 fields were discovered in the district, including 313 oil, 26 gas and 26 oil and gas. The fields are mainly multi-layer, the total number of deposits is 2,228, including 2,035 oil, 106 oil and gas, 87 gas. 137 fields (737 deposits) are being developed. The initial recoverable discovered oil reserves of the Okrug amount to 19.4 billion tons. 20% of the discovered reserves are insufficiently explored and are estimated under category C 2 (3.7 billion tons). Current recoverable explored reserves (ABC 1) amount to 9.2 billion tons, including by categories: A - 0.8 billion tons, B - 1.9 billion tons, C 1 - 6.5 billion tons. The developed deposits contain 14.0 billion tons of initial recoverable oil reserves of ABC 1 categories (including 7.7 billion tons of current ones) and 1.2 billion tons of C 2 categories. Extraction of 6.5 billion tons of oil from the subsoil led to the formation of standard losses in the amount of about 8 billion tons. These so-called "diluted" resources are concentrated in the depleted parts of the exploited deposits and, as a rule, are confined to areas with the most developed infrastructure ...

The identified resources, both initial and current, are largely confined to large accumulations (Table 1.22). The share of current reserves ABC 1, attributable to unique deposits, is 26%, the share of initial reserves is 36%, the share of small-sized deposits is 16% and 12%, respectively. Unique deposits, which by now have provided more than 50% of the accumulated production of the district, in 1995 accounted for 26% of the annual oil production. The role of smaller deposits in the total annual oil withdrawal in the district is increasing. So, with a 7% contribution to the accumulated production in the district, in 1995 they accounted for 16% of the oil produced.

Table 1.22

Distribution of identified deposits in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug by the value of initial recoverable reserves of ABC 1 С 2 categories

		Deposit classes by reserves, million tons
Types of deposits, reserves		Small		Average	Large		Unique
		0-3	3-10	10-30	30-100	100-300	>300
amount	pieces	1380	340	192	60	20	8
deposits	%	69	17	9,6	3	1	0,4
Current recoverable	billion tons	0,18	0,3	0,45	0,51	0,78	0,78
reserves of ABC 1 categories	%	6	10	15	17	26	26

About 10 thousand deposits are to be discovered in the Okrug, of which a significant part (90%) are small in size. The share of undiscovered resources accounted for by small deposits is 52%, medium deposits are 18%, large deposits are 29% and unique deposits are about 1%.

In 1996, as a result of geological exploration, 9 new deposits were discovered, including 7 in the unallocated subsoil fund. The increase in reserves of category C 1 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug due to exploration amounted to 58 million tons.

The provision of production with all proven reserves is quite high, but two-thirds of these reserves require huge additional investments. In reality, the district's production is provided only by the invested reserves, and here the situation is very tense. Many oil companies in the Okrug are on the brink of a resource crisis. The production of Surgutneftegaz is provided with invested reserves for 12-13 years, Kogalymneftegaz - for 9-10 years, Langepasneftegaz - for 9-13 years.

Economic assessment of oil reserves

In the context of paid subsoil use, the economic assessment of reserves is just as important as the quantitative assessment of resources. The NAC RN KhMAO has developed a methodology for calculating the economic significance of oil reserves, which is based on taking into account:

Concentration of recoverable reserves per unit area of \u200b\u200bthe development object;

Initial production rates;

Depth of occurrence;

Environmental conditions;

Infrastructure.

This technique makes it possible to estimate the minimum necessary costs (z) (excluding taxes and payments) for the production of 1 ton of oil.

The distribution of all development objects of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (Fig. 1.11) shows that 6% of reserves of ABC1 categories, and, accordingly, 12 development objects can produce oil with the minimum necessary costs for its extraction (z) less than $ 20 per ton ... The value z - 20-40 $ / t characterizes 42% of reserves and 113 development objects, with costs of 40-60 $ / t there are 32% of reserves and 207 objects, 15% of reserves (224 objects) have an estimated value of z - 60-80 $ / t, 5% of reserves are characterized by costs exceeding $ 80 / t.

Comprehensive modeling of various schemes for the development of deposits under the current taxation system showed that by paying all existing taxes and payments, it is possible to profitably develop deposits, development objects for which taxes and payments are partly, then an additional 200 objects and 40% of reserves can be profitable, while z should be no higher than 55 $ / t. The introduction of production sharing contracts makes it possible to profitably operate facilities from z up to $ 60-65 / t at current oil prices.

Thus, the share of active resources in the resource base significantly depends on the tax and economic policy of the state. Under the existing economic system, the oil industry of the Okrug is provided with proven invested active reserves only for 7 years. With the most favorable economic system, but without attracting additional investments for the development and redevelopment of deposits, the security is 17 years; under the same conditions and with strong investments - 35 years.

Solid minerals

The main deposits and manifestations of solid minerals are concentrated within the zone of crystalline rocks outcropping on the Eastern slope of the Urals, which has a width of 20-45 km within the okrug and a length of up to 450 km. The state of the mineral resource base and the development of solid mineral deposits in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug today is determined, first of all, by the results of more than 60-year activity of geological and mining organizations in this region.

Piezoquartz, Rhinestone and Vein Quartz

The most prepared (and partially exploited) are now the deposits of piezoelectric quartz, vein quartz and rock crystal. Among them are the Puiva and Dodo fields developed since 1936, as well as the Nester-Shor, Glass field 1, Nizhny Keftalyk, Khus-Oyka, and others discovered in the 1930s-1940s. manifestations of vein quartz and rock crystal, which makes the prospects of the Subpolar Urals for this type of raw material even higher. The state of the district's quartz industry (as well as the Russian Federation as a whole) is determined by the economic situation of the country and the state of its defense industry, as the main consumer of high-quality quartz raw materials. Due to a decrease in demand from defense enterprises, quartz production at the Puiva and Dodo deposits is gradually decreasing. In 1995, 27.4 tons of rock crystal and 3,000 tons of vein quartz were mined; in 1996, production amounted to 15 tons of rock crystal and 960 tons of vein quartz, respectively. The prepared reserves are sufficient to increase production by 2-3 times and maintain it at a higher level for a number of years.

Placer gold

Placer gold is currently the second most important type of minerals. 16 placers have been explored on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, including placers along the Khalmeryu river, Palnik-Shor stream, Bezymyanny-1 stream, Bezymyanny-2 stream, Oshka-Shor stream, Mal Tynagota river, Ruda-Shor stream , the Nyarta-Yu river, the Nester-Shor stream, the Yarato-Shor stream, the Manya, Arbynya rivers and others. The balance reserves of gold in the district are more than 4 tons. In 1995, over 130 kg of metal were mined; in 1996, production fell to 96 kg. In 1997, within the framework of the “Territorial program for the reproduction of the mineral resource base of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug”, additional exploration and exploration of individual placers in the Lyapin river basin began. The further program of geological exploration in the Subpolar Urals provides for the shift of work to the basins of more southern rivers, which are not spawning for whitefish.

Ore gold (indigenous)

The subpolar Urals within the Okrug are potentially rich in ore gold, the predicted resources of which are estimated at 100-120 tons. Preparation of ore gold deposits requires significant capital investments. To date, only one field has been prepared - Sosnovoye, the reserves of which are being specified. The next in terms of preparedness and prospects is the Palnik-Shor section. Prospecting and appraisal work is being carried out on this site.

Brown coal

In the Okrug, with varying degrees of detail, such fairly large brown coal deposits have been explored: Otorinskoe (559 million tons in P 1 + C1 categories), Tolinskoe (465.8 million tons in P 1 + C 2 categories), Lyulinskoe (758, 7 million tons of category C 2); small ones - Nyayskoye (18.4 million tons in C 1 + C 2 categories), Lopsinskoye (51 million tons in C 1 + C 2 categories), etc. Within the Lyulinskoye deposit, the Borisov area (deposit) has been prepared, suitable for mining for local purposes. The reserves of the Borisovsky block in B + C 1 categories amount to 4.95 million tons. To date, promising areas have been allocated for brown coal (Turupinskaya, Okhtlyamskaya, Semyinskaya, etc.), the predicted resources for which reach 4.6 billion tons (in depth interval 0-300 m). The development of deposits is being held back by the lack of transport routes.

Bauxites

In the Subpolar Urals, promising bauxite regions have been identified - Severo-Sosvinsky, Volinsko-Yatrinsky and Khulginsky (bauxite content in Paleozoic sediments) and Tuyakhlaninsky and Lyulinsky manifestations of Mesozoic bauxites. The genetic relationship of the geological formations of the Subpolar Urals with those in the Northern and Middle Urals makes it possible to assert that the territory of the district has quite high prospects for bauxite.

Iron ore

Iron ore metallogenic zones have also been identified on the eastern slope of the Subpolar Urals. Confirmation of the prospects of the named area is the opening in last years on its area of \u200b\u200bthe Okhtlyamsko-Turupinskoe ore cluster, the resources of which are estimated at 3.1 billion tons.Two promising occurrences of skarn-magnetite ores have been established within its area - Okhtlyamskoye and Yany-Turinskoye, the total probable reserves of which are about 1,160 million tons, incl. ores suitable for opencast mining - about 390 million tons. Preparation of iron ore reserves is held back due to the lack of transport communications.

Rocks with sorption properties

Since 1993, within the framework of the programs of scientific research and geological study of the subsoil in the district, research has been carried out on the filtering and sorption properties of zeolite-containing rocks of the Subpolar Urals. At the same time, work was underway to prepare reserves of these rocks in the Mysovsky area (right bank of the Lyulya River). To date, it has been found that zeolite-montmorillonite rocks are excellent sorbents (high ion-exchange properties). The prepared reserves of the Mysovskoye field are 44 thousand tons. It can be argued with sufficient confidence that the Subpolar Urals is a new zeolite-bearing province of Russia.

Deposits of building materials

A large number of deposits of building materials have been identified on the flat part of the district: brick and expanded clay, building and glass sands, sand and gravel mixtures, siliceous-opal raw materials, ornamental stones (Table 1.23). The reserves of the deposits of siliceous-opal rocks (opokas, diatomites, tripoli) discovered in the Sovetsky, Berezovsky and Khanty-Mansiysky regions are estimated at tens of millions of cubic meters. A number of prepared deposits of brick-expanded clay are not used only because of the delay in the construction of brick factories. Poor development of deposits of sand and gravel mixtures is due to their location in the floodplains of rivers. The stocks of building sands are practically unlimited. Glass sands were discovered in the area in the 50s; to date, two deposits have been explored and about 40 occurrences of this raw material have been identified.

Table 1.23

Deposits of building materials in the Khanty-Mansiysk District

Construction raw materials	Number of explored deposits	Total reserves, mln.m 3	Number of fields put into operation
Sand and gravel mixtures	33	38,85	1
Building sands	30	941	5
Silicon-opal raw materials	11	19	-
Brick-expanded clay	47		12
Glass sands	2		-

Sapropel

In recent years, as a result of prospecting and exploration work, sapropel deposits have been explored on the territory of the district - near Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Uray. Prepared reserves of sapropel are estimated at more than 10 million m 3. It can be used as an organomineral fertilizer and vitamin supplement for the diet of pets. Test development of individual sapropel deposits has begun in the region of Surgut.

E.A. Ponomareva

GOU VPO "Ural State Mining University"

Studying the topic "Mineral resources", I became very interested in the gas, coal, oil industry of the world and began to study more in-depth fossil fuels. The collected material has grown into my work, some of which you hold in your hands. One of the main reasons that made me delve into this topic is Vladimir Putin's speech in St. New Urengoyas well as the Iraqi crisis caused by the desire of the United States to redistribute oil economic markets.

On November 20, 2001, in Novy Urengoy, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin said that the country's leadership had decided to carry out serious structural reforms in the development of the gas, oil and coal industries.

“Oil and gas were and will remain for many decades to be one of the main components of Russia's national wealth. And taking into account the problems that are going through modern world, the Russian oil and gas complex is able to play a role in strengthening global economic stability. Today we must develop the oil and gas industry taking into account all factors, including foreign economic ones. In the near future we will have to work in the conditions of liberalization of the oil and gas market in Europe. This will require a change in the forms of state regulation of the gas, oil and coal industries, the introduction of new principles of pricing throughout the entire technological chain - from mining to final consumption. And, along with this, it will require the creation of conditions for the development of independent producers in the field of extraction, processing and sale of oil, gas and coal.

It is difficult to give an unambiguous assessment of the current state of affairs in the gas sector. The position of the industry enterprises is better than the industry average. Their positions in the world markets are still stable. But there are still huge unused opportunities. The industry can work much more efficiently and can bring big profits to the country. In this regard, we need an unbiased analysis of the systemic problems of the industry: technological, managerial, financial and foreign economic. Including those related to gas transit using the Russian infrastructure.

The most obvious and painful symptoms today are a drop in the extraction of raw materials and their supplies to the consumer, an increase in the cost of production, and a decrease in its profitability. Old deposits are being depleted, and the problem of renewing the resource base is becoming more acute. Geological exploration has also dropped to an unacceptably low level ”.

My goal is to analyze the reserves of minerals and show how rich our country is in combustible minerals, the use of which should not only contribute to the development of the country's economy, but also minimize the damage to the environment.

My task is to find out the leading value of combustible minerals: peat, coal, oil shale, bituminous sands, oil, gas and other combustible minerals; talk about world and Russian deposits about the formation of minerals and methods of extraction; consider ecological problems and security environment... The topic is considered in more detail on the example of the Khanty-Mansiysk District, as the richest in oil and gas fields and the closest to Yekaterinburg, part of the Volga Ural District.

The work is given general characteristics world deposits with detailed development of useful fossil fuels of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, due to its rich natural and mineral resources, occupies one of the leading places among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exerting an ever-increasing role on the economy of the region and the country as a whole.

Oil and gas fields in the Khanty-Mansiysk District (KhMAO).As of January 1, 2002, more than 500 oil and oil and gas fields were discovered in the Autonomous Okrug. The total explored oil reserves are estimated at 39.6 billion tons. Commercial development is underway at 178 oil and gas fields. 119 deposits are in the exploration stage. Average oil production per day is 500 thousand tons. Most of the fields belong to oil, the rest - to gas and oil and gas. The total number of deposits is 2228, of which 2035 are oil, 87 gas, 106 oil and gas.

There are large gas fields in the Autonomous Okrug: Berezovskoye, Verkhne-Kolik-Yeganskoe, Kolik-Yeganskoe, Varyoganskoe, Lyantorskoe, Fedorovskoe, Van-Yeganskoe, Samotlorsok, Bystrinskoe, Mamontovskoe, Priobskoe, etc.

These fields contain 85.5% of the district's free gas reserves.

The discovery of oil and gas fields, like other natural resources, and their exploitation radically changed the appearance of the district. In the once dense taiga, tundra, new cities have risen (Urai, Nefteyugansk, Gornopravdinsk, Megion, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, etc.), mines are growing, oil fields and mines, factories and plants, railways and oil pipelines are being built.

As of 01.01.1999, over 320 licenses were issued in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug for oil production and prospecting and exploration. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe licensed areas is 115,787 km 2.

Industrial development of oil and gas fields in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is carried out by 44 oil and gas companies. Among them are large companies of global importance, such as OJSC "Surgutneftegas", NK "Lukoil", OJSC "Nizhnevartovskneftegaz", NK "Amoko", AO "Rosneft" and others.

While studying this topic, it became obvious to me the significance of two conclusions. The first of them is the extremely short time during which the development of the fuel industry was carried out. Coal, for example, has been mined for 800 years, but half of it has been produced in the last 30-40 years, and half of the world's total oil production falls over a 12-year period since 1956. The second obvious conclusion is that growth rates that have been sustained for several decades cannot be sustained for too long.

No one can predict how the technological and economic capabilities of a society will change, so changes in the use of natural resources cannot be predicted.

"Lesson Minerals" - What mineral is gasoline obtained from? In swamps In underground mines From the bottom of lakes. What is the name of the place where the minerals are found? What kind of minerals are mined in mines? Rare. Find mineral deposits on the map of the Novosibirsk region. Types of minerals. Testing.

"Stones" - The wind brings plant seeds into the cracks of the rocks. In nature, stones and rocks are heated on warm days. Water gets into the cracks. How do stones break down? Water rolls pebbles, grinds, grinds and gradually turns into sand and clay. And they cool down at night. Bunches of grasses, bushes and even trees grow in the stones.

"Fossil Fuels" - Describe a choice of one mineral; Create a crossword puzzle on the topic "Minerals". Fuel. First well. Natural gas. Litter for animals. Paints, rubber, plastics, medicines. Oil. Fertilizer. Oils. Condition color odor flammability. Combustible minerals. Coal. Peat.

"Various minerals" - Halite table salt. The clarity of the diamond is used in jewelry. Platinum and native gold are considered the densest minerals. Mica feldspar. How are minerals different? Diamond and graphite are composed of the same atoms - carbon atoms. Diamond graphite. The hardest natural mineral is diamond.

"Basic minerals" - Minerals. Remains of plants and animals. Peat. Granite. Oil derrick. Why does a person need minerals. Sand. Coal. Mineral deposits. How are minerals extracted? Lesson on the world around. Oil. Clay. Iron ore... Limestone.

"Mineral reserves" - Tin. Gold. Marble. Our underground wealth. Coal. Fossil fuel. Granite. Silver. Objectives of the work. Limestone. Iron. Ore minerals. Minerals. Oil. Sandstone. Basalt. Malachite. Natural gas. Lead and zinc. Peat. Geology. Solid minerals. Natural stone building materials.