What tree is the rocker made of. How to make a rocker. Rocker arm manufacturing. Department: "Equipment for food and fish processing industries"

How to make a rocker, I was told by my mentor - a man of old age (everyone was younger at the front). He was not without reason had a reputation for being a doo in many cases, only that about the different radii and millimeters there, one might say, had no idea and determined all dimensions strictly "by eye". According to the authoritative opinion of an experienced master a good rocker must be strong and at the same time as light and springy as possible... The buckets should be located as far as possible from the body of the water carrier, but still in such a way that he can reach the bows of the buckets and hold them with his hands, preventing the buckets from swinging and splashing water when walking. In addition, having hooked buckets of water with the yoke on the ground, a person should not bend too much to fasten the yoke on his shoulders. These are the qualities of the rocker, from the point of view of the old master, and should determine the optimal dimensions of this simple, time-tested device for carrying water.

So, let's start making the rocker

To do this, we will select a suitable raw birch with a diameter of at least 80 mm and a length of about 1.5 m.We will not remove the birch bark (my mentor claimed that it holds water well), with an ax we will give the blank the rough shape of a rocker with a margin for deformation during drying (see. fig. 1). In this case, special attention should be paid to the place of the fold - you need to ensure that it is of the same thickness along the entire length and does not have knots and cracks. Sometimes, on the inside of the future bend of the rocker arm, small cuts are made with a depth of 2-3 mm at regular intervals.

(a is the starting dimension).

At the ends of the workpiece opposite to the saws, the rocker arms make small notches for the twine, with the help of which the ends of the workpiece are pulled together, bending the future rocker. Before bending the rocker arm, the ends of the workpiece must be lowered for 5-10 minutes into boiling water, so that later, when drying, the wood in these places does not crack - this is how the master explained. Further, the place of the bend of the rocker arm is soaked in water, thoroughly steamed over a fire and, using a string and a stop, is bent to the desired radius, while ensuring that the curvature of the bend of the rocker arm is smooth and uniform. Having reached the desired position, the rocker arm is fixed in the bent string state. After drying the workpiece with a sharp ax and a plane, bring the rocker arm to the required size (see Fig. 2).

At the ends of the rocker, recesses are made for which buckets are hooked. Later, instead of grooves, metal hooks fixed at the ends of the rocker arms began to be used. Typically these bucket hooks are bent from 4-6mm steel wire. The shape and size of the hooks are shown in Fig. 3.

To attach the hook, a small groove is cut out at the end of the rocker arm, the hook is driven into the pre-drilled hole and, just in case, the hook is fixed with a bracket (Fig. 2). That's all - the rocker is ready!

ROCKER (ROCKER) - a device for carrying buckets, buckets, baskets.

The primary subject of rural life was previously considered a rocker (rocker). Now the rocker is almost nowhere and you will not see it, except perhaps in the distant outback, in those villages and villages where national customs are still alive, where traditional crafts and trades are still preserved.

It was made from linden, aspen, willow, the wood of which is distinguished by its lightness, flexibility, elasticity.

In the life of Russian peasants, rocker arms of various shapes were known. The most widespread are bent rocker arms. They were bent from steamed wood in the shape of an arc. A rocker of this type lay comfortably on the shoulders of a woman who held it with her hands. The buckets, put on the ends of the rocker in the recesses specially cut for this, hardly swayed when walking.

In the Bryansk region, with the help of a rocker, they carried water into the house for drinking and to water the cattle, dragged clothes to the river to rinse, wash cucumbers, etc. The rocker helped to carry, without getting tired, two buckets of water several hundred meters on the shoulders, shifting the rocker from one shoulder to the other on the go. And how delicious the water tastes from, and even from that bucket brought by his own mother on the yoke. You used to run like a shooter, run in front of your mother, drink water straight from the bucket - and fatigue will go somewhere, and as if new forces will rush in.

Carrying water on a yoke is a whole ritual. When you go to fetch water, two empty buckets should be in your left hand, and the rocker itself should be in your right. And, of course, the conversations at the well. It happens that women can talk for tens of minutes, while holding a rocker with full buckets on their shoulders. This is a truly female passion for conversations, for which they do not even notice the severity.

At the well, the bucket is hooked onto the rocker, first on the back, then on the front.

The main thing when carrying water in this way is to keep your balance.

You can immediately throw a rocker with buckets on your shoulder. We assure you, this is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. You also need to be able to scoop up water with a bucket on the yoke.

Sometimes it happens, at the same time, a bucket from the hook of the rocker will fly off the hook of the rocker into the well. Dig then, get it. You will also be scolded by your neighbors. In Russian weddings, the bride on her wedding day must bring buckets of water on a rocker decorated with ribbons, without spilling a drop.

In the life of Russian peasants, rocker arms of various shapes were known. During excavations in Veliky Novgorod in the layers of the XI - XIV centuries. archaeologists have found a large number of arcuate rocker arms. They were the most widespread. They were bent from steamed wood in the shape of an arc. A rocker of this type lay comfortably on the shoulders of a woman who held it with her hands. The buckets, put on the ends of the rocker in the recesses specially cut for this, hardly swayed when walking.

In many villages, rocker arms were also found, cut from a wide and sturdy board. The straight board narrowed towards the ends, and in the middle there was a notch for the woman's neck. Buckets of water were attached to long hooks that descended from the ends of the rocker arm.

A rocker in the form of a stick, round in cross-section, well known in Western Europe, was rare among the Russians. It was inconvenient to use, as the stick pressed hard on the shoulders. With its help, Russian peasant women most often carried washed linen from the river. At the same time, the rocker was carried by two women: one end of it lay on the shoulder of the peasant woman walking in front, the other on the shoulder of the one walking behind.

There are many mysteries and proverbs about rocker arms with buckets:

"Two brothers want to fight, but their hands are short",

"Two are swimming, and the third is amazed",

"Between two seas, across the mountains of meat, a curved bridge lies."

“A woman’s mind is like a woman’s rocker: both obliquely, and crookedly, and on both ends.”

"The craft is not a rocker, it won't pull your shoulders."

"Dust in a column, smoke in a yoke - either from melancholy, or from dancing!"

The rocker (or, as they used to say in the old days, the rocker) is first found in the monuments of the 16th century. "A single water-carrier, a bow lever with which a couple of buckets are carried on the shoulder" soon became popular in the most remote corners of Russia. Its merits were deservedly appreciated in ancient cities, but especially in villages. Indeed, in winter it is possible to walk along a narrow deep path without a rocker arm only with great difficulty, since the buckets will touch the snowdrifts. In the summer, dust, seeds of ripened herbs and numerous insects lurking in the herbs constantly fall into the buckets that they carry in their hands. But most importantly, carrying the buckets on the yoke is much easier. Even the gait becomes light and graceful when buckets, like birds, hover over snowdrifts or high grass stands. And unwittingly, a riddle was born among the people: "Are there two check marks on a stick?" It's about buckets with a yoke.

In Russia, three types of rocker arms were known: stick-like, bent and cut. The first was a straight, round stick with small hooks at the ends. On such rocker arms, sometimes not only buckets were worn, but also washed linen. This, apparently, was the most ancient and not very convenient rocker.

Then they guessed to attach hooks to it, and it became more convenient, since it became possible to hold the buckets with your hands. But the stick still pressed hard on the shoulders, so a rocker, cut from a fairly wide and strong board, was used instead. It narrowed towards the edges, and in the middle, in the wider part, a special semicircular neckline was made. At the ends of the rocker, wooden or metal hooks were attached to which buckets were hung.

Figure: 1 The history of the rocker arm in pictures

This type of rocker still exists in a number of regions. But nevertheless, the bent rocker is more widespread. It is in every rural house where residents use wells.

In the old days, craftsmen who knew how to make light, comfortable and beautiful rocker arms were in every area. The products of the talented master had their own style, and they could be easily distinguished by their shape and decorative finish. Sometimes the bucket cooper made the rocker arms himself, complete with buckets. In late autumn or early spring, when timber is particularly flexible, the craftsman went to the forest for raw materials.

The wood used for the rocker arms should be lightweight, strong and flexible, as well as uniform and well resistant to cracking. These requirements are fully satisfied by willow, linden and aspen wood. Depending on the thickness of the tree trunk, the log is split into two or four pieces, called stabbing. Rectangular blanks are hewn out of it. Each workpiece is chipped in the middle to a certain thickness, and then steamed.

There are many known methods for steaming wood before bending, for example over a fire. In the first method, the workpiece was soaked and then heated over a flame, in the second, it was buried in the ground at the site of the future fire. After a certain timeWhen the fire was extinguished, the coals were raked up and blanks wrapped in steam were removed from the ground. They were immediately inserted into the halo - a device for bent rocker arms, arches, sled runners and rims.

You can steam the workpiece with a blowtorch. The workpiece soaked in a pond, river or stream is heated in the middle with a blowtorch until steam appears. To prevent the wood from burning or (even worse) not charring, the flame is kept at an optimal distance, which is determined empirically.

The preheated workpiece is inserted into the bending device, which is a massive shield with beams stuffed on it. A bar, one of the edges of which corresponds to the bend of the rocker arm, is called a template, and with a straight edge - an emphasis. Having inserted the workpiece into the bending device, two wedges are hammered between it and the stop on both sides. Instead of two wide ones, you can drive in several narrower wedges. When wedging, the workpiece will bend and press firmly against the template bar.

Cooperage. How to make a comfortable rocker

Figure: 2 Manufacturing of a bent rocker arm: a - steamed workpiece in a bending device; b - bending the workpiece with wedges; c - cutting a bent workpiece

The folded workpiece is dried in a folding device, which must be located in a heated room or in any other place with a sufficiently high temperature. When the workpiece dries up after a few days, the shoulder part of the rocker arm takes on an arched shape. The massive ends of the workpiece are cut off from both sides so that the formed layers go at right angles to the curved shoulder part. Then at each end of the rocker hooks are cut from above to hang the buckets. If desired, the hooks are made from metal strips, which are screwed to the wood with screws.

The finished rocker is treated with cycles or pieces of window glass, polished with sandpaper, then impregnated with hot linseed oil and painted with oil paints. If, instead of painting, thread is used, then the rocker is impregnated with linseed oil last.

How to make a crane well with your own hands, a construction diagram and a detailed description of the structure.

The structure of lifting water from a well consists of:

Before proceeding with the manufacture of the "crane", it is necessary to draw a sketch and determine the dimensions of the construction details.

Reference:
The geometric dimensions of the structure directly depend on the depth of the well.

The figure schematically shows the axial lines of structural elements, for a shaft with a depth of 7.8 (m). The construction is done so that when the rocker is rotated around its axis, the pole lowered into the shaft along the axial line, without touching the inner walls of the well. Thus, we got the anchor sizes.

SUPPORTS

We will make it from logs (ideally - from larch). We will dig them into the ground to a depth of 2 (m), level and concretize them.

ROCKER ARM

We will make it from a thinner log (the diameter of the thinner part should be 80 ... 100 (mm)). The lower thickened part of the log, in part, will be a counterweight.

POLE

We will make it from a pole or a wooden block. We carefully sand the surface with sandpaper (it should be even, without chips and burrs).
A bucket is attached to the pole, on one side,

on the other side a metal chain with a length of 500 (mm).

They made me an order to make a selfie spit. There were no specific drawings or descriptions of how to do it yourself. True, there were several photos and videos of the boomeranger. The study of the materials led to the creation of such a craft spit for an unusual selfie video. Those who cannot make a skewer with their own hands, the Internet offers to buy the original at the price of a one-time trip to the grocery store. There are step-by-step instructions for the Master's Secret and a scheme for making a skewer with a drawing, photo and video. The codename of the work is "The Skewer Project".

How to make a boomeranger skewer with your own hands

Swivel

To make a skewer, you will need the following materials:

• a piece of 6 mm plywood measuring 400 × 200 mm;
• braided cord made of polymer material with a diameter of 3-4 mm and a length of 3 meters;
• old aluminum bicycle pedal;
• standard platform for fixing the action camera on the plane;
• paper glue;
• sandpaper;
• two self-tapping screws and a grover washer (24 mm).

The sample turned out to be experienced and it was assembled from what was at hand, taking into account the available tool. In principle, solutions to simplify the design in terms of the handle are considered. The following tool was used in the manufacture of the skewer:

• manual or electric jigsaw;
• drill with a drill with a diameter of 3 and 4 mm;
• grinder (angle grinder) with a cutting disc or a saw for metal and a file;
• welding machine (optional).

How to make a spit rocker with your own hands

The author has prepared a drawing of a rocker arm with a template for printing on an A4 sheet. The shape of the rocker arm helps to further stabilize the camera in space due to gyroscopic and aerodynamic effects.

1. Download the spit rocker template from the link (), print, cut and glue it yourself. Watch the video.
2. We glue the template onto a piece of 6 mm plywood. The orientation of the template relative to the fibers of the tree is shown in the video and photo.
3. We cut out the spit rocker according to the template.
4. We drill 2 holes marked on the template 4 mm.
5. At this point, it's wise to map out the holes for the action camera mount.
6. Remove the template paper and grind the part. Be sure to round off any sharp edges of the rocker arm.

Spit pattern Cut out the template Two parts of the template Template glued The template is glued to plywood The rocker is cut Drilling holes Grinding the part

Probably a good idea to cover the part with varnish or bright paint.

How to make a handle for rotating a spit with your own hands

This was the most difficult task of the "Spinner" project in terms of solving. The decision came unexpectedly after a month of searching, when old bicycle pedals were found when tidying up. The rotation unit of the aluminum pedal is, in principle, a ready-made handle for a spit.

1. All unnecessary parts have been removed from the aluminum pedal with a grinder.
2. If necessary, wash all bearings from dirt in kerosene or gasoline.
3. The issue of attaching the ring to the end of the handle was solved with the help of a grinder. Almost the entire threaded part is cut off, and a groove is sawn through the end. To continue working, an upper bearing with a protective bar is installed on the axle. The grover is inserted into the groove with a detachable part. The grover is electro-welded to the handle. See the photo.
4. After the ring is welded, the pedal is assembled, do not forget to lubricate the bearings with grease.

Bicycle pedal

The handle turned out to be very successful. Quiet, lightweight rotation and comfortable grip profile. There are options for simplifying the design, but they have not yet been tested.

Do-it-yourself assembly and tincture of a spit ala boomeranger

Setting up the spit

To make it easier to understand what needs to be done, a drawing has been prepared. The main task is to set up the action camera and set the length of the lines so that the conditional axis of the camera lens intersects the conditional axis of rotation of the handle.

1. We fix the action camera mounting pad with two self-tapping screws. For this, two holes were drilled right in the site, through which the screws were screwed. The protruding parts of the screws are cut off with a grinder. I did not take the risk and fasten the pad with double-sided tape to unpainted wood.
2. Fuse the ends of the cord on the lighter. We tie the ends of the cord to the rocker. Watch a video.
3. We fasten the middle of the cord on the handle ring with a loop with a noose. Watch a video.
4. Install the camera and adjust the direction of the lens axis.
5. My camera is mounted upside-down, for easier handling, the flip image option is set.
6. Video filming will be carried out in dynamics and to preserve the video quality, set the highest possible frame rate in the camera from 60 and higher at the required resolution. Unfortunately, there can be an exposure conflict due to lack of light. In the promo video, when shooting in the forest, the camera automatically reduced the frame rate to 30 (video shooting in cloudy weather in December).
7. Control of the correctness of the settings is checked simply by watching the captured video. The handle or upper part of the hand that is caught in the frame when rotating the camera must be stationary. If there are movements from left to right, then the optical axis of the camera is not set exactly. When shooting in strong winds, the lens axis can deviate from the specified direction.

Attaching the cord

The final chord in your trio (scapula, spoon and fork) is the rocker on which you will hang the previous samples of your arts and crafts (fig. 78).

To make a rocker arm, prepare a planed board with dimensions of 250 x 100 x 12 mm. Just as you made a template in other lessons, make it now. With this, mark the plank and start sawing.

I suppose by the sixth lesson it became clear to you that you need to acquire a jigsaw, which will turn cutting any product into a pleasure. Moreover, in subsequent lessons it will be necessary to perform products of complex configurations, which, in the absence of a jigsaw, will require from you during ordinary sawing with a hacksaw, followed by processing with files significant physical efforts.

Of course, a jigsaw is not a cheap tool, but you can use it for 20-30 years. It is always necessary for a craftsman in the household.

Also on sale are jigsaw attachments for electric drills. They are inexpensive, but not very convenient to use. So, you choose the method of cutting the rocker arm yourself.

After sawing, as always, clean up the irregularities (when sawing with a jigsaw, they practically do not exist), blunt the sharp edges with a sandpaper, and you can start marking. Using the product template (half of it is shown in Fig. 89) and transferring its contour to the plate, draw a vertical centerline through point A (Fig. 79, a), which forms the top of the rocker arm, and point B, obtained as a result of measuring the length of the rocker arm at the bottom part of it (220 mm), divided in half (110 mm).

Putting 58 mm down from point A on the centerline, mark and draw a horizontal line relative to the axis of symmetry (Fig. 79, b). Then, from point E to the left and right, set aside 43 mm. This is the distance to the centerline of the window. At the points obtained, put perpendiculars (perpendicular is a vertical line drawn at an angle of 90 ° relative to the horizontal) 20 mm long.

Set aside from the perpendiculars to the left and to the right by 12 mm, put points (Fig. 79, and). Connect these points as shown in fig. 79, d, after which with a compass solution equal to 12 mm, draw the radii from the upper ends of the axes of the windows (Fig. 79, d).

After that, transfer the dimensions of the radii to the workpiece in accordance with Fig. 79, d. There are four of them in total. The radius I is 22 mm; radius II - 23 mm; III - 30 mm; IV - 35 mm.

Immediately, you can mark on the workpiece the places of the pins on which you hang the spatula, spoon and fork. To do this, from point E, set aside to the left and right along a horizontal line 85 mm (Fig. 79, e) and put crosses. The third pin will be located just at point E.

This completes the stage of placing the elements of the composition and the marking of patterns begins.

Start with the line that frames the rocker arm. To carry it, it is necessary to measure the distance from it to the edge on the template. It is 5 mm, Straight lines you draw with a ruler, but curves ... There are several ways:

1. Measuring 5 mm successively along the entire line, put marks (Fig. 80), and then connect them.

2. Use a thickness gauge, which is a marking device (fig. 81) 3 consisting of a block I, two wooden rods II and sharp needles III fixed in these rods. When marking, it is necessary to set the desired size from the end of the shoe to the needle. Press the end of the pad to the surface perpendicular to the marking, and, holding the thickness gauge pressed, pull it towards you. The needle will leave a groove parallel to the side against which the thicknessing block is pressed (fig. 82).

3. Use a ruler and pencil to mark 5 mm from the edge. Then, taking a pencil in your hands, put its tip on the mark, and rest your ring (middle) finger on the edge of the rocker arm, then start leading the pen and pencil towards you (fig, 83). The pencil will leave a line parallel to the edge. This method requires some training. If you take your time, then you will succeed.

Choose the layout method available to you. This line is cut into strips.

You have a "shine" in your windows, one of its many options.

Mark the window frame with a strip, the width of which will not exceed 1 mm. This stripe is necessary to distinguish between individual "lights", so that the picture is distinguished by the clarity of the image (Fig. 84, a). From the point that served as the center for drawing the line of the radius of the window, using a compass, removing the size from the template, draw another radius equal to 9 mm,

Divide this semicircle in the same way as you did when marking the "rosette" according to the "ABC of the thread", into 16 parts. Here you have only half a circle, but this does not change the marking sequence. True, the name of the figure itself in this case will be "shine". This is another of the types, or rather forms, which contains one of the most beautiful patterns of geometric carving (Fig. 84, b, c).

Draw diagonals and center lines in the rectangles of the windows for marking the "lights" (Fig. 54, a). In the upper and lower triangles write "pyramids", and in the side triangles draw rays from the center, dividing the opposite sides in half (Fig, 84, b). By doing this, you will get a few more triangles. In them also write "pyramids" (Fig. 84, c).

The central pattern, inscribed in the sector of the circle, is marked similarly to the "rosette" in the alphabet. To build the "shine" draw an auxiliary arc with a radius of 18 mm (Fig, 85, a) and mark the middle between the rays with dots, defining it visually. Then draw “with radiance, lowering the rays from the center of the sector to the marked points and connecting them with segments, as shown in fig. 85.

Find the middle between the rays and mark it with points on the arc III (Fig, 85,?), Connect these points in the same way as the rays of "shine" (Fig, 85, c).

It remains to inscribe small triangles into large ones, directed downward, and divide adjacent triangles in half (Fig. 85, d) and inscribe a "pyramid" in each of them (Fig. 85, e).

Despite the fact that all the elements of the carving are familiar to you, special care is required when cutting the "shines", as they are very small. Particular attention should be paid to determining the directions of the layers.

The cutting sequence doesn't really matter here, but I recommend that you start by framing the rocker arm. As already indicated, it is cut into "strips". Arc IV is cut in the same way (Fig. 85, 6). Small triangles are cut out as pebbles. These are all the difficulties that require clarification.

When you have finished carving, drive 20mm nails into the cross points. Bite off their hats with nippers. These will be the pins for hanging the previously made kitchen utensils.

On the back of the rocker arm, attach a small loop with nails - a suspension (fig. 86). Such a pendant can be purchased in shops for artists, but I think it is better to make it yourself, especially since the materials are at your fingertips.

In order to make a suspension similar to that shown in fig. 87, prepare a lemonade, Coke, or Sprite can, a paper clip, pliers, awl, scissors, and wire cutters.

Operating procedure

1. Bite off with pliers, after straightening a paper clip, a wire blank 42 mm long (Fig. 88, a).
2. Bend the ends of the workpiece at a right angle by 5 mm using pliers (Fig. 88, 6).
3. Bend the workpiece in the middle, using also pliers (Fig. 88, c).
4. Use your fingers or pliers to bend the ends of the workpiece to an angle of 60 ° (Fig. 88, d).
5. Bend the workpiece so that the ends come together (Fig. 88, e).
6. Mark and cut out a workpiece from a can - a plate of thin sheet metal (Fig. 88, e) - and mark a fold line.
7. Slide the plate into the wire loop, bend it along the fold line and squeeze with pliers (Fig. 88, g).
8. Mark the holes and pierce them with an awl (Fig. 88, g).

Thus, you will make the necessary thing from the materials at hand.