A collection of ideal essays on social studies. A collection of ideal essays on social studies Options for the exam in computer science from fipi

For school graduates. It should be taken by those who plan to enter universities for the most promising specialties, such as information security, automation and control, nanotechnology, systems analysis and control, rocket complexes and astronautics, nuclear physics and technology, and many others.

Read the general information about the exam and start preparing. There are practically no changes compared to last year in the new version of the KIM USE 2019. The only thing is that fragments of programs written in the C language disappeared from the tasks: they were replaced with fragments written in the C ++ language. And also the opportunity to write an algorithm in natural language as an answer was removed from task number 25.

Assessment of the exam

Last year, in order to pass the Unified State Exam in computer science at least for the top three, it was enough to score 42 primary points. They were given, for example, for correctly completing the first 9 items of the test.

It is not yet known exactly how it will be in 2019: we need to wait for an official order from Rosobrnadzor on the correspondence of the primary and test scores. Most likely it will appear in December. Given that the maximum primary score for the entire test has remained the same, most likely the minimum score will not change either. We focus on these tables so far:

The structure of the exam test

Computer science is the longest exam (the USE in mathematics and literature takes the same length), the duration is 4 hours.

In 2019, the test consists of two parts, including 27 tasks.

• Part 1: 23 tasks (1–23) with a short answer, which is a number, a sequence of letters or numbers.
• Part 2: 4 tasks (24–27) with a detailed answer, the complete solution of the tasks is written on the answer form 2.

All tasks are connected in one way or another with a computer, but it is not allowed to use it for writing a program in the tasks of group C during the exam. In addition, the tasks do not require complex mathematical calculations and the calculator is also not allowed to use.

Preparation for the exam

• Take the exam tests online for free without registration and SMS. The presented tests are identical in complexity and structure to the real exams conducted in the corresponding years.

• Download the demo versions of the Unified State Exam in Computer Science, which will help you better prepare for the exam and take it easier. All proposed tests were developed and approved for preparation for the exam by the Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). In the same FIPI, all the official versions of the exam are being developed.
  The tasks that you will see, most likely, will not be encountered in the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones, on the same topic or simply with different numbers.

General USE figures

Year	Minimum USE score	Average score	Number of participants	Not passed,%	Qty 100-point	Duration exam time, min.
2009	36
2010	41	62,74	62 652	7,2	90	240
2011	40	59,74	51 180	9,8	31	240
2012	40	60,3	61 453	11,1	315	240
2013	40	63,1	58 851	8,6	563	240
2014	40	57,1				235
2015	40	53,6				235
2016	40					235
2017	40					235
2018

Many would not mind to insure themselves with ready-made answers to the Unified State Exam-2017 in computer science. The exam is really not easy, intuition will not work - you need to know. But do not rush to download the answers from the first dealers on the Web. First, let's figure out where the USE answers in computer science can come from; how real is it that someone even has them.

To whom and how do the USE answers get

There are three potential sources of prohibited information:

1. hackers break into mail or other servers of the Ministry of Education and Science or FIPI;
2. some of the employees of the Ministry and its departments are violating the secret;
3. on the day of the exam, teachers or students quickly complete tasks from the KIMs officially printed in the Far East and send them to the western regions, with which the difference between them can reach 6-8 hours.

Logic dictates that the first two sources are the most expensive, because we are talking about exclusive information that a graduate may have in advance. The third source is less costly for a graduate (and let's say in advance that it is completely useless).

What sources of answers to the Unified State Exam-2017 in informatics can be trusted

From East to West

The trick with the time difference between different regions is no longer a trick, but rather stupidity on the part of some graduates and laziness on the part of scammers who have failed to come up with a more tempting argument. The fact is that KIMs are different everywhere. A large number of options have been developed, and if you do not know which options for KIMs will go specifically to your region (and this is not known to anyone except a select few), you do not get answers, but a lottery with a very small chance of winning.

Of course, individual tasks may coincide, since they come from the same database, but it’s hardly worth spending time looking for answers and money for their acquisition (although sometimes answers are offered free of charge, so to speak, from the Unified State Exam Solidarity).

Hackers and corrupt officials

Of course, no one on the Web introduces themselves: “Hello, I am a hacker (or a corrupt official). I am ready to make you a unique selling proposition that you cannot refuse. "

However, you can find the following "sentimental" story.

Eleventh graders lived in one school, and they all got tired of preparing for the exams so much that they decided to collect all the money and buy the USE answers through one person who has the necessary connections. With the world on a string - bought. Yes, it turned out a little expensive. They decided to recapture their money, and at the same time help the rest of the students, and began to sell the purchased answers to others. “And how not to buy something,” people think, “we believe our own, relatives, the same schoolchildren”.

Very similar to the epic. But this is most likely the case. Fraudsters try to speak ostensibly in the language of "clients", attract with a folding legend about the origin of the answers and successfully profit from the fact that it is easier to disappear on the Internet at the right moment.

Add to this observation that none of the previous exams that have taken place this year have leaked information. Neither in the media, nor on the Internet, no one writes en masse that the answers that were posted on the Web matched the tasks on the exam. Will this series of successes of Rosobrnadzor be interrupted in computer science? Doubtful.

Output

Only one conclusion suggests itself: no sources of USE answers can be trusted. There is more swindle in this case than real help.

How to pass the exam-2017 in informatics without answers

In computer science CMMs there will be no very easy questions like "Give a definition to the binary number system", etc. All 23 closed and 4 open assignments are designed to test your ability to analyze and apply knowledge. Without even mediocre exam preparation, be ready to retake. Alas, this year it will not be possible to retake the elective subject and will have to wait for the next year. On the other hand, you will have a whole year to learn the subject perfectly and at a measured pace. And those who, due to the failure of computer science this year, are threatened by the army, will find an advantage at least in the fact that after service they will be able to enter the university on favorable terms.

If your interest in the answers is dictated by simple self-doubt and the desire to hedge, then everything is much simpler. You just don't need answers. You just need to repeat the basic things at night, sleep well and come to the exam with a fighting spirit.

Good luck to everyone on the exam!

The lesson is devoted to how to solve the 3rd task of the exam in computer science

The 3rd topic is characterized as tasks of the basic level of difficulty, the execution time is about 3 minutes, the maximum score is 1

* Some images of the page are taken from materials of K. Polyakov's presentation

Information structuring and information models

Let us briefly consider the concepts necessary for solving 3 tasks of the exam.

Structuring information - this is the establishment of the main elements in information messages and the establishment of links between them.

Structuring is done with aimfacilitating the perception and search for information.

Structuring is possible using the following structures (information models):

lots of:

enumeration of items collected by characteristic;

Vasya, Petya, Kolya 1, 17, 22, 55

In a set, the ordering of elements is not necessary, i.e. the order is not important.

linear list

The ordering of the elements is important.

The tables are highlighted objects(separate table entries) and properties(column names or row names):

tree or hierarchy of objects

Consider family relationships in the tree:

"Sons" A: B, C.

"Parent" B: A.

Descendants A: B, C, D, E, F, G.

"Ancestors" F: A, C.

Root- node without ancestors (A).
Sheet- node without descendants (D, E, F, G).
Height- the greatest distance from root to leaf (number of levels).

file system (hierarchy)

Let's say there are the following folders (directories) with files on the hard disk of your computer:

We get a tree:

graphs

Sometimes it is very difficult to structure information with the structures described, due to the complex "relationships" between objects. Then you can use the graphs:

Is a set of vertices and connections between them, called edges:

Graph showing roads between villages

matrix and adjacency list

Is a graph, between any vertices of which there is a path.

WoodIs a connected graph without cycles (closed sections).

Tree is a connected graph without cycles

weighted graphs and weight matrix

Weighted graphs have an "edge weight":

From weighted graphs, a weight matrix is \u200b\u200bobtained, the inverse transformation is also possible.

Finding the shortest path (brute force)

Finding the shortest path between points A and D

• In the tasks of the exam on this topic, two information models are most often used - tables and diagrams.
• Information in the table is constructed according to the following rules: at the intersection of a row and a column, there is information characterizing the combination of this row and column.
• In the diagram information is built according to the following rule: if there is a connection between the objects of the diagram, then it is displayed by a line connecting the names of these objects on the diagram.

Solving tasks for the 3 exam in computer science

3_3: Solution 3 of the USE task in informatics (control option No. 1 of the 2018 examination paper, S. S. Krylov, D. M. Ushakov):

Between settlements A, B, C, D, E, F roads were built, the length of which is given in the table (if the cell is empty, there is no road).

	A	B	C	D	E	F
A		7	3
B	7		2	4	1
C	3	2		7	5	9
D		4	7		2	3
E		1	5	2		7
F			9	3	7

Determine the length of the shortest path between points A and F .

✍ Solution:

Result: 11

Video analysis of the task:

3_4: Solution 3 of the USE task in informatics (version 11 of the GVE in informatics of 2018):

Roads have been built between settlements A, B, C, D, E, F, the length of which is shown in the table. The absence of a number in the table means that there is no direct road between the points.

	A	B	C	D	E	F
A		3	7		6
B	3			4	4
C	7			5		9
D		4	5			5
E	6	4				8
F			9	5	8

Determine the length shortest path between points A and F provided that you can only travel along the roads indicated in the table.

✍ Solution:

Result: 12

3_5: Solution 2 * tasks of the Unified State Exam in Informatics 2018, option 10 (FIPI, "Unified State Exam Informatics and ICT, Standard Examination Options 2018", S. Krylov, T.E. Churkina):

Between settlements A, B, C, D, E, F, Z one-way roads were built. The table shows the length of each road (the absence of a number in the table means that there is no direct road between the points).

	A	B	C	D	E	F	Z
A		3		5			14
B			2				8
C		2					7
D					1	4	4
E						1	5
F			12		1		9
Z

How many such routes exist from A in Zwhich pass through five or more settlements? Items A and Z consider when calculating. You cannot go through one point twice.

* in the new textbooks tasks 2 and 3 were swapped: now 2 - Finding the shortest path, and 3 - Algebra of logic

✍ Solution:

Result: 6

3_2: 3 task. Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2018 Informatics (FIPI):

In the figure, the road map of the N district is shown in the form of a graph, the table contains information about the length of each of these roads (in kilometers).

Since the table and the diagram were drawn independently of each other, the numbering of settlements in the table has nothing to do with the letter designations on the graph. Determine what is the length of the road from the point AND to point D. In the answer, write down an integer - as it is indicated in the table.

✍ Solution:

• Let's count how many edges each vertex has:

A -\u003e 3 (C D E) B -\u003e 1 (C) C -\u003e 4 (A B D E) D -\u003e 4 (A C D K) E -\u003e 2 (A D) E -\u003e 1 (C ) K -\u003e 1 (G)

Only one vertex has three edges - AND, so only A can correspond P3.

The vertex also has a unique value for the number of edges D, - two edges. In the table top D will match P4.

Tops D and IN have on 4 ribs. Consider a matrix, in which 4 numbers correspond to points P2 and P5.

With paragraph D only the top intersects D (G -\u003e 4 (A C D K)). In a weight matrix with a vertex D suppressed P5... So the top D corresponds P5.

IN P5 at the intersection with P3 is the number 6 .

Result: 6

For a detailed solution to this 3 task from the 2018 USE demo, see the video:

3_1: Unified State Exam in Informatics 2017, task from the collection of D.M. Ushakov, option 1:

In the figure, the road map of the N district is shown in the form of a graph, the table contains information about the lengths of these roads (in kilometers).

Since the table and the diagram were drawn independently of each other, the numbering of settlements in the table has nothing to do with the letter designations on the graph.
Determine how long the road is from the point D to point TO. Write down an integer in the answer - as it is indicated in the table.

✍ Solution:

• Consider a graph and count the number of edges from each vertex:

A -\u003e 2 ribs (D, C) B -\u003e 4 ribs (A, D, K, D) D -\u003e 4 ribs (A, B, K, E) B -\u003e 2 ribs (D, K) K -\u003e 5ribs (B, D, C, D, E) E -\u003e 2 ribs (K, D) D -\u003e 3ribs (B, K, E)

We have selected the vertices with a unique number of edges: 3 edges correspond to only the vertex D, and 5 edges correspond only to the vertex TO.

Consider the table and find those rows or columns with 5 values \u200b\u200band 3 values: This P2 and P4.

We get P2 corresponds D, and P4 corresponds TO... There is a number at the intersection 20 .

Result: 20

In addition, you can watch a video of the solution to this task of the exam in computer science:

3_6: Analysis of the 3 tasks of the exam, option No. 1, 2019 Informatics and ICT Typical exam options (10 options), S.S. Krylov, T.E. Churkina:

The figure shows a scheme of roads in the N district, in the table an asterisk indicates the presence of a road from one settlement to another, the absence of an asterisk means that there is no such road. Each locality on the diagram corresponds to its number in the table, but it is not known which number.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 * * * 2 * * * 3 * * 4 * * * * * * 5 * * * 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 * * *

Determine which numbers of settlements in the table can correspond to settlements D and E on the diagram? In your answer, write these two numbers in ascending order, without spaces or punctuation marks.

✍ Solution:

• First, let's find unique vertices - which have a unique number of edges: this A (2 ribs) and H (6 ribs). In the table they correspond to numbers 3 and 4:

	1	2	A	H	5	6	7	8
1			*	*			*
2			*	*				*
A	*	*
H	*	*			*	*	*	*
5				*		*	*
6				*	*			*
7	*			*	*
8		*		*		*

• According to the scheme, we find that adjacent vertices for A are B and G... In the table we determine the corresponding numbers - 1 and 2. Since they are not of interest to us according to the assignment, we will designate them together:

	B, G	B, G	A	H	5	6	7	8
B, G			*	*			*
B, G			*	*				*
A	*	*
H	*	*			*	*	*	*
5				*		*	*
6				*	*			*
7	*			*	*
8		*		*		*

• Both vertices B and G are adjacent to the already known A and H and, in addition, the vertices F and C... By the first column or the first row, we find that F or C will correspond to the number 7, and by the second row - the number 8. Let's designate them in the table:

	B, G	B, G	A	H	5	6	F, C	F, C
B, G			*	*			*
B, G			*	*				*
A	*	*
H	*	*			*	*	*	*
5				*		*	*
6				*	*			*
F, C	*			*	*
F, C		*		*		*

• As a result, we get that the required vertices - D and E - the numbers correspond 5 and 6 ... Since it does not matter which digit this or that vertex should correspond to, in the answer we simply write these numbers in ascending order.

Hello dear readers of the blog site. We continue to look, decide, remember what has already been forgotten. Today, next in line for the Unified State Exam in Informatics 2017, I will try to sort out the tasks as much as possible, indicate what you need to know to successfully pass the Unified State Exam, and also share my impressions of the tasks. Let me remind you that the exam in mathematics and the level, and have already been disassembled, you can read about the demos of these subjects by following the links.

I took the exam for a long time, there were few such tasks at the university, and far from all, so I ask you to understand and forgive me if you disagree with my assessments of complexity or necessity. But nevertheless, I will write an article, I hope it will be useful to someone, and someone will express their opinion in the comments.

USE in informatics 2017, what you need to know

Generally speaking, judging by the demo version of the Unified State Exam in Informatics 2017, you need to know a lot, I hope graduates know all this and it will not be somehow unusual for them to see such tasks.

You need to know the binary number system

Again, I won't tie the list of necessary knowledge to the task numbers, I'll just give it a list, so let's go, I'll try as it gets more complicated:

• Working with spreadsheets. Anyone who has used Excel will do this task without any problems.
• Know what number systems are. At least binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal, although there can be number systems with any base, for example 3. And not only know, but also be able to translate from one number system to another. Moreover, to save time, it is better to understand which number system it will be easier and faster to translate into. For example, look at the first task that contains the demo version of the exam in computer science 2017, there you can save a lot of time if you translate from binary to hexadecimal, and not translate everything into decimal.
• Know logical functions, truth tables for them and be able to work with truth tables for expressions consisting of several logical functions.
• Be able to work with graphs and tables. Moreover, sometimes they can be related and it is necessary to establish a relationship between them.
• To be able to represent textual information in the form of discrete, that is, digital and know the units of information measurement.
• To some extent, a continuation of the previous subparagraph. The ability to estimate the amount of memory required to store a particular type of information (text, graphic, video, etc.)
• Know at least one programming language and be able to use it, how to compose programs (more on this later), and understand what has already been compiled.
• Knowledge of computer networks, in particular, in the demo version there was a question about the TCP / IP protocol stack, perhaps there will be something else on the exam.
• To understand the code written not in a programming language, but in Russian, if it is not clear what I mean, see task 14 from the USE demo.
• Be able to write programs in one of the programming languages \u200b\u200baccording to the assignment. And also understand someone else's code and find errors that were made when writing programs.

Unified State Exam in Informatics 2017, impressions

After 5 years of studying computer science and programming at the university, I can't say that the tasks seemed so easy. No, of course, everything can be solved, but you also need to know a lot. So the exam in informatics 2017 is not particularly simple, it will be quite difficult to pass.

Important! If you cannot solve any task from part 2, given in the demo version of the USE, and do not even try to deal with it, being sure that the points for admission will be enough for you. Even NOTgo to university for a specialty related to computer science and programming. Believe me, you can learn to program, but it will waste kilometers of nerves. So think very carefully whether you need it, especially since there remains a chance that you will not learn to program. And after thinking, it's better to give up programming anyway.

With the modern world of technologies and realities of programming, development Unified State Exam in Informatics has little to do. There are some basic points, but even if you understand the tasks a little, this does not mean that you will eventually become a good developer. But there are a great many areas where IT specialists are needed. You will not be wrong if you want to have a stable income above average. In IT, you get it. Provided, of course, the availability of appropriate abilities. And you can develop and grow here as much as you like, because the market is so huge that you can't even imagine! Moreover, it is not limited only to our state. Work for any company from anywhere in the world! This is all very inspiring, so let the preparation for the exam in computer science be the first minor step, followed by years of self-development and improvement in this area.

Structure

Part 1 contains 23 tasks with a short answer. This part contains tasks with a short answer, implying an independent formulation of a sequence of symbols. The tasks check the material of all thematic blocks. 12 tasks refer to the basic level, 10 tasks to the increased difficulty level, 1 task to the high difficulty level.

Part 2 contains 4 tasks, the first of which is of increased difficulty level, the other 3 tasks of high difficulty level. The tasks of this part involve writing a detailed answer in any form.

The examination work takes 3 hours and 55 minutes (235 minutes). It is recommended to take 1.5 hours (90 minutes) to complete the tasks of Part 1. The rest of the time is recommended to be devoted to the tasks of Part 2.

Assignment Grading Explanations

Each task of part 1 is estimated at 1 point. The task of part 1 is considered completed if the examinee gave an answer corresponding to the code of the correct answer. Completion of tasks in part 2 is estimated from 0 to 4 points. The answers to the tasks in Part 2 are checked and evaluated by experts. The maximum number of points that can be obtained for completing the tasks of part 2 is 12.