Creative activity: meaning, types. Creative activity of children. What distinguishes creative activity from any other type of activity? Creative activities from other types

In a developed society, all areas of creative activity exist in two forms: AMATEUR and PROFESSIONAL. The same applies to journalism as a type of creative activity.

Any creativity is born as amateur. This is the first phase of its existence, the initial form of organization. It is marked by the fact that creative activity is carried out outside the framework of any job responsibilities, without special training and strict responsibility for the quality of the result. Its area is chosen spontaneously by a person, depending on the inclinations in which the character of the personality’s inclinations manifests itself.

Creation professional is formed on the basis of the amateur in the process of division of labor. It is characterized by the fact that it becomes a person’s main occupation, occurs within the framework of cooperation with a certain professional community, is associated with the performance of relevant duties and with responsibility for the quality of the result. And here the need for special training arises.

What is the essential difference between amateur creativity and professional creativity? Only one thing: amateur creativity is a spontaneous following of the laws of this type of activity. Professional creativity is based on the CONSCIOUS STUDY of these patterns enshrined in a professional attitude and the desire to follow them.

With the emergence of professional creativity, amateur creativity does not die out. It lives in parallel. There are often situations when amateurs grow into classics, and some professionals cannot stand comparison with average amateurs. It's not a matter of different degrees of talent. If a person with well-defined inclinations finds himself in favorable circumstances, in a creative environment, he can spontaneously and sufficiently deeply master the method of one or another type of creativity, form himself as a person suitable for this field of activity. In this case, professionals willingly accept him into their environment. At the same time, a person who has chosen one or another occupation as his profession may, for various reasons - for example, not very bright inclinations, or unfavorable learning conditions - not master the way of working professionally, even after receiving an education document. And the professional community rejects him and does not accept him as a colleague. Such processes are very painful. Unfortunately, they can be observed in a variety of areas of creativity and often. Therefore, it is so important to check in advance whether you are ready to perform in a professional environment.

An analysis of the circumstances of a university graduate’s adaptation to professional life allows us to assert that readiness for successful activity is determined, first of all, by the following points:

The degree of accuracy of ideas about the social role of the profession and the stable characteristics of works of this type of creativity, as well as its method

A measure of the development of abilities and personal qualities corresponding to a given type of creativity;

Availability of skills and abilities necessary to solve primary and secondary creative problems;

The wealth of the general creative potential of the individual, largely dependent on the level of his social, intellectual, moral development;

Stability and quality of professional motivation.

All this manifests itself as soon as a person begins an independent creative life among professionals in practice.

Experience shows that professionalism can be achieved during training. But it must be kept in mind that there is three levels of professionalism.

First, initial - training. This is a level of mastering a profession at which the process of creative activity is successful, when it is necessary to solve fundamentally familiar problems and therefore one can get by mainly using already known techniques and means. In such cases, the source of novelty of the product is the subject of creative activity. The novelty of an object is inevitably mastered by a person and is reflected in the purpose of the act of creativity, and therefore is embodied in a product. At the initial level, skills are mastered - practical methods of activity.

Second level of professionalism – skill. It is distinguished by a person’s ability to solve new creative problems on the basis of mastered techniques and methods, often in new conditions. Here, the novelty of the product is achieved not only due to the subject of the activity: the purpose of the creative act reflects both new tasks and new conditions, forming its features. At this level, new techniques and techniques are mastered.

The highest manifestation of professionalism - skill. This stage represents fluency in a profession, when a specialist reaches the maximum in the development of his creative potential and turns out to be capable of further improving the very method of this type of creativity. He is capable of any creative tasks, he is able to enrich the means of activity, to form new methods. Naturally, the novelty of the creative result becomes maximum. At the same time, not everything that the Master offers is accepted by his contemporaries: sometimes his creations are ahead of their time with their meaning, and decades may pass before his ideas are understood and accepted.

Creative activity is a process of creating qualitatively new spiritual and material values ​​with their subsequent interpretation. The result of such actions, as a rule, is the emergence of previously unknown areas of art, science or technology. The result of creativity cannot be deduced from the conditions of the initial cycle. This is what distinguishes it from the results of the production process, which are always predictable. Creative activity has the main criterion of attractiveness - it is always unique.

Possibilities

The author, in the process of creative research, can achieve a result that he did not expect. This is the main advantage of the free expression of one's ideas by an artist, writer or performer. Creative activity, in addition to well-known directions, can be realized in some special way. For example, a world-famous musician, for a number of objective reasons, began to feel a certain limitation in his concert activities and decided to expand his potential. Using personal experience, as well as some technical means, the artist creates a previously unknown musical instrument that revolutionizes the world of music. This is where true creativity lies. History knows many similar examples.

Application value

Human creative activity is a spiritual and material practice focused on the creation of original, previously non-existent cultural values, the discovery of new patterns, as well as methods for transforming world space. The applied significance of the last category is difficult to overestimate. This is, in essence, a cognitive and creative activity that underlies deep practical application in many areas of public life. Its results in most cases are global in nature.

New achievements

Creative artistic activity occupies a special place in a person’s life, when the creator creates values ​​in the category of fine arts, literature, music, and painting. The process of the emergence of new achievements in the field of high art of various genres always causes a storm of positive emotions: people are constantly waiting for premieres in the theater, new films, opening days and many other events - everything that lives in society. The creative artistic activity of masters of various genres often combines their efforts, and as a result, a certain synthetic masterpiece appears that creates a real sensation. Magnificent opera arias can be complemented by a successful libretto; a wonderful literary work is included in an organic combination with uniquely beautiful illustrations.

Versatility

Creative activity, the types of which are infinitely diverse, is fertile ground for the development of talents among broad sections of the population. People of different ages and professions strive to realize their abilities in all spheres of public life, and when this succeeds, a person receives incomparable moral satisfaction. Particularly pleasing is artistic creative activity, the types of which are also numerous. This includes painting, sculpting, singing, participating in theater performances, reading poetry, and ballroom dancing.

In fact, a person’s creative activity can be reflected in any area of ​​his life interests: production and technical, scientific, political, artistic. In addition, there are a number of secondary directions. The creative process can be characterized by two main trends:

• the psychology of the individual, the creator of certain spiritual or material values;
• philosophical component, revealing the essence of the phenomenon of creation.

Psychology

In different historical periods, the question of the meaning of creativity was posed ambiguously. Ancient philosophy linked the process of creation with specific results, without placing them in the mainstream of eternal existence. In other words, creativity was considered a completely earthly matter, without any special contemplative subtleties. However, along with practicality, in the time of Plato, the prerequisites were created for the recognition of human creative aspirations as a phenomenal phenomenon. There were many supporters of this approach.

Renaissance

The Renaissance cultivated the concept of the phenomenon of creative activity, since during that period the opportunities to create something in a variety of fields were enormous. The philosophy of the Renaissance did not imply creation at the level of craft or housework. Michelangelo's masterpieces or Leonardo da Vinci's engineering projects cannot be called a creative process - they are so grandiose. These were mega-creations of cosmic significance.

Analytical approach

In the modern world, there is a tendency to study the phenomenon of creativity; scientists are trying to understand the psychology of the process; the state of mind of an artist, engineer or writer is being studied while they are busy creating. Often, the results of such analyzes form the basis of doctoral dissertations, because the observations of scientists are also a creative activity. Scientific interest based on psychology always produces unpredictable results, which means that new discoveries can be expected.

Creative activity, if viewed through the prism of philosophy, is interpreted as a personality characteristic formed on the basis of the development of the individual’s special abilities. Provided there is sufficient professional training and a high level of motivation, socio-psychological attitudes are formed that lead the creator to the final result.

Criteria

In relation to creative activity as such, the desire to achieve original solutions will always be realized subject to a clearly defined goal. In some cases, the goal can be replaced by some stimulus - the result will be the same. The creative activity of an individual is determined by the following criteria:

1. An attitude in accordance with the assigned tasks: scientific, technical, artistic, managerial, research. Harmony of the task with psychological attitudes. There must be a social, socially significant motivation.
2. The author’s ability to comprehend the design principle of future work. You will also need receptivity to the new, creative initiative, and rejection of stereotypes.
3. The ability to define the scope of one's own initiative in searching for the boundaries of a task. Ability to rationally sequence creative techniques.
4. High level of intelligence, spatial thinking and developed imagination. Ability for systemic associations and generalization.

The creative process can be divided into several parts:

• the “infancy” stage, when an idea is born, often vague;
• the appearance of the outlines of the idea - the general picture is visible;
• the next stage is the opportunity to choose decisions that form a program of action;
• selection of methods and optimal actions aimed at results;
• the emergence of creative excitement, often accompanied by “insights” and emotional uplift;
• the final stage, crystallization of the idea, assessment of the level of work done and the effectiveness of the result;

However, the distribution, and especially the planning of actions, is purely conditional, since any creative process is a fairly spontaneous phenomenon with an elusive subconscious logic that can make adjustments along the way. Nevertheless, creativity is a living process, most interesting in its first phase, when the need to create appears. How it will be implemented depends entirely on the professionalism of the individual.

Creative activities of children

A child aged 4-6 years, as a rule, strives for an active lifestyle. Games, walks in nature, communication with peers - all this gives him the opportunity to use his energy and get emotional release. However, the creative potential inherent in children also often requires realization. There are special development programs in preschool institutions. Teachers and methodologists in kindergartens devote several hours every day to the creative activities of their charges. Girls and boys turn into little artists and sculptors, design engineers or creators of fantastic transformers.

Future prospects

Creativity in any form is beneficial for personal development. A child who once drew “a circle of the sun and the sky around” on a piece of paper can become a famous artist in the future, and a first-grader who writes an essay on the topic “How I spent the summer in the village” can become a famous writer. The creative possibilities are endless!

Toilers have long been were divided into masters and artisans. There are fewer real masters, those who created in their imagination and then embodied it in a specific task. However, artisans are also needed - conscientious executors of the plans of others. I think that a person who works creatively can be not only a book scientist, a researcher of some of the issues involved, but any person who has a spark of God’s gift, talent, the ability to think, imagination, fantasy, dreams and its implementation. Such, in my opinion, is the master Kakim Pogrebnyak. He could not immediately agree to the construction of a temple according to any model (like everywhere else!), He had to imagine, build this structure, mentally “see it”, “feel” it and only then begin work. As a result of severe mental anguish, inspiration came to the master; he saw “his” temple - “a cheerful, sunny temple made of pine boards” with copper, and maybe “golden” bells. Becoming a Master, a human creator, is not easy. It requires talent, inspiration, and a lot of hard work. Not everyone has the strength to do this. But whoever nevertheless decides to achieve the glory of the Master has a great reward - spiritual joy, pleasure, pride and, most importantly, respect from people, their gratitude. What could be the best thing in life!

Tom, what impressions, The basics of spirituality a person received in childhood, consciously or subconsciously influence her entire life. An example is the life of Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko. This is a legendary man. It seemed that in his poor, forced and orphaned life there was nothing that would help him grow into a strong, creative, highly educated person with a poetic and romantic outlook. But Shevchenko became like this! It is obvious that he was able to collect in his soul the slightest manifestations of love for himself from his parents, sisters and brothers, and his good neighbor Oksana. I remembered numerous songs that I heard from relatives and fellow villagers on holidays, the heroic stories of grandfather Ivan, even science that was not always clear to the sexton. The main components that helped Shevchenko become what he became were, in childhood, a thirst for knowledge of the world (remember his trip to the iron pillars supporting the sky!), for learning, the desire to recreate his feelings in songs and pictures, and great “inner freedom”. This gave him the opportunity to rebel against violence at an early age and at least somehow change his fate as a “rural vagabond.”

Peasants during Shevchenko's time, perhaps they did not know how to speak beautifully, teach their children many things, or raise them according to the rules. But there was an unwritten folk pedagogy, a rich oral folk art that glorified universal human values: love, kindness, faith, respect for elders, hard work, dignity. And these were very strong factors that, multiplied by talent, gave the Ukrainian nation an exponent of its thoughts, a defender, the great writer T. G. SheGrinchenko. Of course, there are not many geniuses, but parents from an early age should take care to lay the foundations of spirituality in their child and raise him to be a worthy person.

Part 1

1.Which of the listed human needs is determined by his social essence?

In rest 2) in food 3) in creativity 4) in procreation

2. Find a concept that generalizes other concepts:

1) synthesis 2) abstraction 3) inference 4) thinking 5) comparison

3. Creative activity is distinguished from other types of activity by:

1) conscious nature 2) use of various means 3) novelty of results 4) ability to plan

4. Are the judgments about the activity correct?

A. Cognitive activity is typical only for children and youth.

B. People begin to take part in labor activity upon reaching working age.

1) only A is true 2) both judgments are true

3) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

5. Tatyana is reading a book. The subject of this activity is

1) Tatyana 2) book 3) reading 4) information

6. Ivan solves a math problem. The means of this activity are:

1) Ivan 2) problem 3) calculator 4) mathematics

7. What distinguishes play from work?

1) presence of rules 2) obtaining a practical result 3) development of the subject’s abilities 4) conditionality of the actions performed

8.What distinguishes communication from other activities?

1) interaction of several subjects 2) focus on information exchange 3) long duration of time 4) use of non-verbal means

9. The qualities of a person that ensure his success in a certain field of activity are:

1) needs 2) abilities 3) goals 4) means

10. Carrying out reforms related to the expansion of state influence on business is the activity of:

1) prognostic 2) social-transformative 3) cognitive 4) value-orientation

Read the text below, each position indicated by a different letter. Write down a number next to the letter that expresses its character:

(A) Interest is a person’s purposeful attitude towards any object of his needs. (B) Some are interested in sports, others - art, others - travel. (B) Unfortunately, there are many people who are busy only solving everyday problems. (D) It is very important that parents from early childhood encourage the child’s activity in realizing his interests. (D) Implementation - implementation, implementation of any plan or idea.

1) factual nature

2) the nature of value judgments

3) the nature of theoretical statements

Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

Forming in activity ………..(A), consciousness is manifested in activity, in behavior. The very fact of awareness of one’s activities changes …………..(B) its course, and thereby its course and character. Activity ceases to be a simple set of responses to ……………..(IN); the laws to which it obeys go beyond the limits of physiology alone.

Human behavior includes ………… (D) more or less conscious actions or actions. Conscious action differs from reaction in that it has a different relationship to …………. (D). For a reaction, an object is only an irritant, i.e. external cause or push. Action is a conscious act of activity. The reaction is transformed into conscious action as ………… (E) is formed.

1. Public relations

2. Subject consciousness

3. External stimuli

4. Personality

   Socialization

3.You have to prepare a detailed plan on the topic “Human Activity”. Make a plan, two or three points of which should have sub-points.

Examination

Concept of activity

Activity structure

- an object

- needs, interests, motives

- methods and means

- result

3) types of activities

- Communication

- educational

4) the difference between human activity and animal activity

5) freedom and responsibility in human activity