Closing the year: accounting entries. Closing a month: postings and examples How to properly close a year in 1s 8.3

After all primary documents are entered into the program, it is necessary to close the period; for this, an employee of the accounting service performs closing procedures. All regulatory transactions are formed on the basis of correctly entered data in the “Accounting Policies” section. It contains accounting information, data on the taxation system, and indicates the types of activities of the company. You need to fill out data on the organization’s accounting policy in the “Main” section panel in the “Settings” block.

The procedure for closing a month in 1C, what is it?

It must be taken into account that closing a month in 1C is an ongoing procedure that is performed every month.

All executed documents (operations) during this procedure are regulatory, they affect:

• creation of product costs in production;
• results, both tax and accounting.

Regulatory documents after the implementation of these procedures determine the financial activities of the enterprise.

Where in the program is the “Period Closing” block located?

In the “Operations” section panel, there is a “Period Closing” block, which includes five sections:

• “Closing of the month”;
• “Regulatory operations”;
• “Certificates - calculations”;
• “VAT Accounting Assistant”;
• “VAT regulatory operations.”

Why do you need the “Month Closing Assistant”?

The assistant carries out routine activities to close tax and accounting accounts; they are carried out one after another, in a strictly defined order.

It is necessary in order to monitor the correct and consistent implementation of all regulatory operations in the enterprise (organization).

Documents in the regulatory procedure are divided into four blocks:

• I (first) – includes documents (operations) that, after they are carried out in the program, take into account the organization’s expenses. All expenses of the company must be carefully controlled so that transactions at closing reflect complete and reliable accounting;
• II (second) - document - “Calculation of write-off of shares of indirect costs.” When it is carried out in the database, preliminary calculations are made for cost accounts;
• III (third) - includes the regulatory procedure for closing accounts for accumulating costs and distribution costs (account 20, account 23, account 25, account 26, account 44);
• IV (fourth) - operations that determine financial results for the period (account 90, account 91).

Within a block, regulatory documents can be executed in any order; the operations of each block must be performed sequentially. Documents of the second and subsequent blocks are posted if the posting of documents from the previous block was completed without an error.

To carry out regulatory activities, a period is indicated and an organization is selected. These routine operations are performed when you click on the “Month Closing” button. A separate document is created for each operation. When carrying out closing activities, quite often an error message appears; in this case, you need to read the description of the error, then correct it and then continue the procedure for closing the month again.

It is imperative to carry out all closure activities in strict order so as not to waste unnecessary time re-identifying errors and conducting operations in the database.

If, after performing operations to close the month, all items have been purchased:

• Greenish color means that everything was completed successfully;
• If the color is pale bluish and an error message is displayed, this means that the procedure must be repeated until all errors are corrected.

Marking documents in red means they failed due to errors.

What errors occur when closing a month?

Common errors:

• The nomenclature group of income for accounting or tax accounting is not indicated in the sales documents;
• Account 25 is not closed, since it is impossible to determine the basis for the distribution of expenses for some divisions;
• Analytics are not indicated in the documents reflecting transactions for other income and expenses;
• The procedure in 1C for conducting month-end closing documents in the required order was violated.

Marking regulatory documents with a greenish color does not mean the successful completion of all regulatory operations. In order to check whether the closing procedure is happening correctly, you can generate and then analyze the data in the balance sheet, taking into account checking the balances at the end of the period.

When closing the reporting (calendar) year, you need to additionally carry out regulatory documents:

• Write-off of losses from previous years;
• Balance reform.

When reforming the balance sheet, tax accounts and accounting accounts, such as account 90, account 91, are closed.

If a team of employees of the accounting service and other services works in the 1C program, then it is advisable, when all errors are identified and corrected, to reclose the database, and then close the period for editing, in order to avoid accidental changes in the processed documents.

How to close a period for editing in the 1C program: “Accounting 8 edition 3.0”?

In the “Administration” section panel there is a “Support and Maintenance” block, in it we find the position “Dates of prohibition of data changes”.

The prohibition of changing data in the 1C program can be determined for:

• Specific user;
• All users.

For example: The date for prohibiting editing documents is set to March 31 of the current year, then documents preceding this date will be available to users only for viewing. If the user tries to change data in the document, a warning message appears on the computer screen. As for documents, starting from April 1 of this year, you can not only access and view them, but also change and transfer them.

Do not forget that a correctly performed procedure for closing the month will show a complete and reliable result of the financial and economic activities of the organization as a whole.

Closing the year in accounting is a rather labor-intensive process for an accountant. We have to close the year in terms of tax accounting, in terms of personnel and in terms of accounting.

It is easier to correct them this year than to correct them next year. Correct minor errors as soon as they are discovered. With essentials things are different. If such an error is found in the reports that have already been compiled, you will have to draw up a new one, print it out and give it to the manager for signature.

It is up to the company to decide whether to revalue the property or not. If a company has once carried out a revaluation of fixed assets, then in the future it should be carried out regularly, but not more than once a year.

In accordance with clause 27 of the Regulations on accounting (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n), assets can be recorded in the period from October 1 to December 31 of the reporting year. And the inventory of obligations is as of December 31 inclusive, since the reporting period in this case is a calendar year (see Part 1 of Article 15 of Law No. 402-FZ and the recommendations of the Ministry of Finance of Russia in letter dated January 09, 2013 No. 07-02-18 /01).

Tip 4. Review and revise accounting policies for accounting purposes

It is formed once - when the organization is created - and is applied consistently from year to year. It is not at all necessary to form annually. But this is necessary if the legislation of the Russian Federation has changed. But it changed in 2017. It is important that the accounting policy establishes the procedure for the formation of reserves. As of December 31, it is necessary to conduct an inventory of reserves and draw up an estimate of contributions to the reserve in 2018.

Advice 5. Reform the balance sheet as of December 31 of the reporting year

Balance sheet reformation is the final entry that determines net profit or net loss. This entry is made with entries dated December 31, after all transactions of financial and economic activities are reflected in the accounting records.

The balance sheet reform itself consists of two stages:

• closing financial results accounts 90 “Sales” and 91 “Other income and expenses”;
• reflecting net profit or net loss as part of retained earnings or uncovered loss.

What else does an accountant need to do before the end of the year?

Make a vacation schedule. Every year the employer is required to approve for the next year. This must be done before December 17, 2017 inclusive ( Art. 123 Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Approve staffing schedule. We remind you that the minimum wage has changed this year. Now it is 7,800 rubles. If, as a result of an increase in the minimum wage, the salary of one of the employees is close to this amount, then changes should be made to the staffing table. And in case of a salary increase, you need to draw up an additional agreement to the employment contract.

Create reserves. Organizations are required to create reserves in accounting. As of December 31, you need to check the balances of all formed reserves. Depending on the type of reserve and the situation, unused amounts are included in income or carried forward to the next year. After checking, you need to form reserves for the next year.

Approve cash limit if necessary. The validity period of the limit is not established by law, so it can be set at any time. If the accounting policy states that the limit is valid until the end of the year, then it must be re-approved. SMP and individual entrepreneurs can work without limits.

Submit a notification to the Federal Tax Service in the event of a change in the tax regime. If an organization plans to switch to the simplified tax system, it is necessary to submit a notification to the tax office before December 31 ( Art. 346.13 Tax Code of the Russian Federation). If you are already using the simplified tax system, then you need to make sure that you have not lost the right to use it. The criteria now are: the income of companies using the simplified tax system should not exceed 150 million rubles for 2017; the residual value of the fixed assets must be more than 150 million rubles.

Pay fixed insurance premiums (only for individual entrepreneurs). Individual entrepreneurs must transfer the amount of fixed contributions by December 31. In 2017, the amount of contributions for compulsory health insurance is 23,400 rubles and for compulsory medical insurance - 4,590 rubles ( Art. 430 Tax Code of the Russian Federation). If the income of an individual entrepreneur for the year exceeds 300,000 rubles, you need to pay additional contributions to compulsory pension insurance in the amount of 1% of the excess amount. Contributions from the excess amount can be transferred until April 1, 2018.

Interested in learning more about balance sheet reform? We recommend a webinar at Kontur.School "".

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The final stage of the chief accountant’s work is an action called “closing the month.” The majority of all enterprises perform this action every month. Today we will find out what the meaning of “closing the month” is.

Let's imagine a running enterprise. All his activities with the help of accounting tools will be recorded in ledger accounts. We will see the results of the accounting accounts in the SALT reports.

Let's briefly look at the “turnover” of a real enterprise until the “closing of the month”. I made a turnover for the accounts as a whole, i.e. without using subaccounts. I did this to make it easier to understand. When the meaning of the “closing the month” process is clear, then it will be possible to look at SALT with subaccounts.

Some comments on the report

• Looking at the list of accounts (code and name), we see which areas of accounting were involved.
• The absence of accounts 41 and 44 shows us that this is not a company trading in goods.
• There are no 43, 40, 25 and 20, bills are not production.
• There is no purely one 20 invoice - this is not the completion of work
• What remains is the provision of services. This is the case in our example.
• The report was generated for the month “November 20XX”
• OSV consists of three groups of indicators:

- At the beginning of the month: as of 10.31.XX to 23.59.59
- Per month (TURNOVER) from 01.11.XX 00.00.00 to 30.11.XX to 23.59.59
- At the end of the month. For each account they are added according to the following rules:

• If the accounting account is “Active” = Beginning Balance [Debit] + Turnover [Debit] - Turnover[Credit]
• If the account is “Passive” = Beg.Tost.[Credit] + Turnover[Credit] - Turnover[Debit]

In SALT, we can highlight the accounts responsible for the financial result. Such accounting accounts include accounts for “Revenue (Income) from sales” and “Accounts for accounting expenses for carrying out activities,” namely 90, 91 accounts.

Since the financial result is one number, which can be “Profit”, or can be “Loss”, then we need to get this one number from the “turnover”, which we will record on account 99.

To summarize the financial result, the formula will help us: “Revenue (Income) - Expenses.”
As you understand, we need to select the amounts for the formula. Some amounts will go to the indicator “Revenue (Income) from sales”, others - “Operating expenses”

Each accounting account 90, 91 contains two indicators: “Proceeds (Income) from sales” and “Costs of activities”. How can we see this?

Everything is very simple.
Credit turnover on accounts 90 and 91 will show “Revenue (Income)”. Moreover, this will only be on the first subaccounts, i.e. KO(90.1) and KO(91.1). It should be especially noted that credit turnover (CR) on subaccounts 90.1 and 91.1 appears within a month whenever a sale occurs. But the same cannot be said about expenses.

Debit turnovers of accounts 90 and 91 are designed to collect information about the Expenses of the enterprise. However, the time at which expenses reach these accounts during the month is not the same. Some expenses will be incurred at the time of sale. These expenses will be the cost of goods sold. Other expenses that the company has in its activities will “transition” only at the end of the month from the expense accounts to the expense side of accounts 90 and 91, i.e. into debit turnover (DO90 and DO91). Subaccounts 90 and 91, which collect the company’s expenses, will be from 2 to 8, depending on what they have in the settings in the chart of accounts.

Let's return to our turnover and look at it carefully. We should pay attention to the accounts responsible for the financial result. From the turnover we see 90, 91 and 26. Moreover, we already know that the amount from account 26 will go to the expense side (debit) of one of the 90 or 91 accounts. Which one do you think and why?

Let's look at our example in reverse with numbers.
We have a formula for financial results. All we have to do is select the numbers from the SALT and substitute them into the appropriate parts of the formula. Try it yourself first, then see what I come up with.

My decision
"Sales revenue"= Credit Turnover (CR)90.1 + Credit Turnover (CR)91.1 = 2630450.50
"Activity expenses"= Debit Turnover(DO)26 + DO91.2 = 878757.89

So, what is the meaning of “Month End in Accounting”?

The general idea is to:

Firstly, collect the Expenses of the current month on the corresponding accounts (20, 25, 26, 44) and “transfer” them to the “Expense subaccounts” 90 and 91 accounts.

Secondly, As a result of transferring amounts from expense accounts (20, 25, 26, 44), the ending balances on these expense accounts will become equal to 0. There are exceptions here . For example, for production, especially for agricultural producers whose products grow and affect several months, account 20 will not close completely, i.e. the balance will not be 0. Another example would be trading organizations that, in account 44, take into account transportation costs for delivering goods to them.

We'll talk about these small exceptions later. Now the main thing is to understand the essence - expense accounts when “closing the month” are closed to zero, i.e. there should be no balances on them at the end of the month. (unless there are exceptions)

Third, after transferring amounts from expense accounts to account 90, we calculate the final balances for each account: accounts 90 and 91. In other words, we find the difference between Debit and Credit for accounts 90 and 91 and transfer the resulting amount for each account to account 99. As a result, accounts 90 and 91, their final balances, will also become equal to 0.

We will discuss how this is done specifically for subaccounts in other articles. Here, the main thing to understand is the following:

When closing the month there should be no balances on the Expenses accounts (20, 25, 26, 44). And 90 and 91 accounts, in general, should also be equal to 0, i.e. have no leftovers.

Now we have one of the most extensive and sometimes very complex topics. Perhaps, even in five, or even ten visits, it is impossible to study it all. Today we will only talk about......

Materials in an enterprise are objects of the real world that can be seen and touched. The assignment of objects to the name materials occurs according to the role......

Accounting entries when closing a financial year for legal entities are drawn up in the following sequence:

1. Closing accounts for cost accounting (including indirect costs).
2. Closing 90 accounts, calculating company profits.
3. Balance sheet reformation: closing the main accounts for accounting for the company’s income and expenses, analyzing the financial condition of the enterprise, the efficiency of business activities, obtaining an indicator of the organization’s net profit or net loss.

 

Closing the year is a summary of the financial results of the organization as of December 31 of the reporting year.

Before closing, it is necessary to double-check all basic data and carry out mandatory regulatory operations:

1. Reconcile settlements with counterparties, analyze accounting documentation, restore the sequence of displaying business activities (analysis of accounts, , , 62, 76, etc.).
2. Calculate employee wages, taxes and insurance contributions at the end of the year (accounts, ,).
3. Analyze the balances of goods and inventories (accounts, 10, 43). Conduct a warehouse inventory and adjust data if necessary.
4. Calculate depreciation on fixed assets, conduct a revaluation (account,).
5. Check the costs incurred (monitoring accounts, , , , etc.).
6. Calculate all received income and expenses of the company (balances from accounts 90 and 91 are written off in account 99).

Something to keep in mind! According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the submission of financial statements to the tax authorities is carried out before March 31 of the year following the reporting year. However, all verification activities before the end of the year should be carried out gradually throughout the 4th quarter.

After the preparatory procedures are completed, the year is closed - the balance sheet is reformed, in which the company's net profit or net loss is revealed.

Basic accounting entries for year-end closing

Sales analysis

To summarize the results of the activities of organizations for ordinary activities, it is necessary to analyze the subaccounts of the account:

• 90.1: this subaccount displays all receipts received by the company for goods sold. The balance of the subaccount is the revenue received for the period:

  Dt50.51 Kt90.01 - payment received;

  Dt62 Kt90.01 - sales revenue is reflected;

• 90.02: cost of goods sold upon sale:

  Dt90.02 Kt41 - write-off of the accounting value of goods;

  Dt90.02 Kt20 - cost of work performed;

• 90.03: VAT accrued for payment to regulatory authorities is displayed:

  Dt90.03 Kt68.

Every month, the subaccount data is compared, and the balance is transferred to subaccount 90.09, which displays the calculated financial results: Dt - loss; Kt - profit.

When closing the period, the balances of 90.09 go to the debit of account 99 with the profit received for ordinary types of business activities and to the credit of the account. 99 for unprofitable work.

Analysis of non-operating activities

For transactions not related to the normal business activities of the organization, the analysis is carried out on the basis of monitoring the subaccounts of the account:

• 91.01: the subaccount is intended to contain information about other income of the company. These may include: exchange rate differences, surplus inventories as a result of inventory, income from borrowed funds provided to counterparties, etc.:

  Dt50.51 Kt91.01 - income received from the sale of own equipment;

  Dt73 Kt91.01 - income from loans provided in the form of interest paid;

• 91.02: information about all non-operating costs is collected here: bank commissions, shortages of goods, tax fines and penalties, etc.:

  Dt91.02 Kt66.67 - payment of interest for the use of borrowed funds;

  Dt91.02 Kt01 - reduction in the cost of equipment based on the results of revaluation.

Every month, the subaccount data is compared, and the balance is transferred to subaccount 91.09, which displays the calculated financial results: Dt - loss; Kt - profit.

When closing the period, the balances of 90.09 go to the credit of account 99 for profit received for ordinary types of business activities and to the debit of the account. 99 for unprofitable work.

Balance Reformation

After closing all main accounts in accordance with the rules of accounting and analyzing all collected information, the balance sheet is reformed - identifying the overall financial result and assigning it to the account. for subsequent distribution. The reformation carried out can tell about the effectiveness of the organization’s use of labor and material resources:

1. Dt99 Kt84 - display of profit undistributed during the year;
2. Dt84 Kt99 - information about uncovered losses.

Author's addition! Accounting on account 84 is carried out on an accrual basis. Decisions on the distribution of profits or methods of covering losses are made at the general meeting of owners after the approval of the annual financial statements.

A practical example of preparing year-end closing transactions

Limited Liability Company "Kolosok" is engaged in the sale of office chairs purchased from suppliers for 3,000 rubles (including VAT 18% - 457.62). During the year, the purchase price did not change, so the selling price remained constant: 5,000 rubles (including 18% VAT - 762.71). During the year, all goods were sold (40 units).

In addition, the company pays for bank services, which amounted to 890 rubles.

Accounting entries for completed business transactions:

• Dt41 Kt60: 101,694.20 rubles - receipt of office furniture to the warehouse for further sale;
• Dt19.03 Kt60: 18,305.80 rub. - VAT from the supplier;
• Dt51 Kt90.01: 200,000 rubles - proceeds from the sale of chairs;
• Dt91.02 Kt41: 101,694.20 rub. - write-off of the cost of chairs (the cost of Kolosok LLC includes only the purchase price of suppliers);
• Dt90.03 Kt68.02: RUB 30,508.47 - calculation of VAT payable to the tax authorities;
• Dt91.02 Kt51: 890 rub. - bank commissions.

Results for account 90 at the end of the month:

Dt: RUB 101,694.20 + 30,508.47 rub. = 132,202.67 rub.

Kt: 200,000 rub.

Final balance: 67,797.33 rubles - profit received from the sale.

Results for 91 accounts at the end of the month:

Dt91.09 Kt91.02: 890 rub. - loss.

Closing of the year:

Dt90.09 Kt99: 67,797.33 rub. - profit from ordinary types of business activities is displayed.

Dt91.09 Kt99: 890 rub. - loss from non-operating activities.

At the end of the reporting year, Kolosok LLC received profit, which will be included in undistributed profit:

Dt84 Kt99: 66,907.33 rub. - determination of the financial results of the company’s economic life at the close of the year, as of December 31.

How to close the month in the 1C 8.3 Accounting program?

At the end of each month, for the correct generation of reporting, in 1C Accounting 8.3 it is necessary to do “Closing the month”. Let's look at how to do this in the form of step-by-step instructions. Closing a month in 1C Accounting 8.2 is no different from version 8.2, so you can safely use these instructions for older versions of programs.

To close the month, the built-in processing of the same name is used. Select the “Month Closing” item in the “Operations” menu.

A window will open for working with month closing. Initially, the processing status is set to “Not Completed”. A situation may arise when the status bar says “Accounting policy not set.” This can happen if you haven't set up an accounting policy for your organization. Closing the month in this case is impossible.

Setting up an organization's accounting policy

If you do not have an accounting policy configured (for example, you are doing the first closing of the month), perform the following steps:

Go to the “Main” menu, “Organizations” item. We get into the directory of our organizations. We go to the organization card. There will be several links at the top. We need an "Accounting Policy".

Closing the month step by step

Let's set the execution period, or rather the month that we want to close.

Comment! It is important to close the months sequentially, one after another, otherwise the data in the reports will be incorrect. Of course, if there were no transactions during the month and the organization does not have fixed assets or intangible assets on its balance sheet (depreciation is not charged), then closing it can be skipped, but it is still recommended to do sequential closing.

The accounting policy of the organization was based on the simplified tax system with the object of taxation “Income minus expenses”.

Click the “Close month” button.

Closing a month for the simplified tax system consists of five stages. Although on the form we see only four.

Stage zero is “Re-processing of documents within a month.” When re-posting, the sequence of accounting of posted documents is restored. When rescheduling, care must be taken to ensure that no one else works with the documents of that month. It is advisable to ask all users to exit the program. In addition, try to always make a backup copy of the database before starting the month-end closing procedure.

• First stage. Responsible for recognizing the organization's expenses. For example, salaries, depreciation and depreciation of fixed assets, acquisition of fixed assets and intangible assets, revaluation of foreign currency, etc.
• In the second stage there is only one point - “Calculation of shares of write-off of indirect costs”
• In the third stage, the costs of production and trading activities are calculated: 20, 23, 25, 26 and 44 accounts are closed
• At the fourth stage, accounts 90 and 91 are closed, income tax is calculated and accrued. At the end of the year, the balance sheet reforms

Errors when closing a month in 1C 8.3

Typically, 90% of month-end closing errors involve expense accounts. Almost every month our clients experience a situation where “accounts 20, 23, 25, 26 are not closed.”

The solution to such problems is very simple - you need to check the installation of analytics in all documents. The most common problem is that the item group or division for cost accounting is not specified.

Based on materials from: programmist1s.ru