Tenderly beloved Teffi, surprisingly perspicacious Teffi ... timeless - that is, forever - because about people, about us ...
"All people, in relation to us, we divide into" ours "and" strangers. "

Ours are those that we know for sure, how old they are and how much money they have.

The years and money of strangers are completely and forever hidden from us, and if for some reason this secret is revealed to us, strangers will instantly turn into ours, and this last circumstance is extremely unprofitable for us, and that's why: they consider it their duty to cut you into the eyes are truth-womb, while strangers must delicately lie.

The more a person has of his own, the more he knows about himself bitter truths, and the harder it is for him to live in the world.

You will meet, for example, a stranger on the street. He will smile at you affably and say:

How fresh you are today!

And after three minutes (what can change in you in such a period of time?) His own will come up, he will look at you contemptuously and say:

And you, my dear, have a swollen nose. Runny nose, or what?

If you are sick, there is only joy and pleasure from strangers: letters of condolence, flowers, sweets.

His - the first duty will begin to find out where and when you could catch a cold, as if this is the most important thing. When, finally, in his opinion, the place and time are established, he will begin to reproach you for why you caught a cold, exactly there and then.

Well, how could it be possible to go without galoshes to Aunt Masha! This is downright outrageous - such carelessness in your years!

In addition, strangers always pretend that they are terribly afraid of your illness and that they attach serious importance to it.

My God, you seem to be coughing! It's horrible! You probably have pneumonia! For God's sake, call a council. This is not a joke. I probably won't sleep all night with worry.

All this is pleasant for you, and, besides, the patient is always flattering when his nonsense influenza, at a cost of 37 degrees and one tenth, is called pneumonia.

Theirs behave very differently.

Tell me please! Already he fell into bed! Well, shame on such nonsense! Outrageous suspiciousness ... Well, pull yourself together! Cheer up - it's a shame to be so limp!

It's a good nonsense when I have a temperature of thirty-eight, - you squeak, instilling a whole degree.

Great importance! - mocks his own. - People carry typhus on their feet, and he is going to die because of thirty-eight degrees. Outrageous!

And he will scoff at you for a long time, recalling various funny stories, when you also languidly rolled your eyes and moaned, and two hours later devoured a fried turkey.

These stories will drive you crazy and, indeed, will raise your temperature by the degree you lied it to.

In their own language, this is called "cheering up a sick relative."

Getting to know your friends is very sad and irritating.

Strangers accept you cheerfully, pretend to be happy with your arrival to ecstasy.

Since you do not have to know how old they are, their faces will all be powdered and youthful, the conversations are cheerful, the movements are lively and cheerful.

And since you do not have to know how much money they have, in order to deceive you, they will feed you expensive and tasty things. For the same reason, you will be put in the best room, with the most beautiful furniture they can, and the bedrooms with tattered curtains and a stool instead of a washbasin will not even show you, no matter how you ask.

They will put new cups for you, and the kettle will not have a broken nose, and they will give you a clean napkin, and they will start a pleasant conversation for you - about some of your talent, and if it is not there, then about your new hat, and if it is not there, so about yours good character.

You will not find anything like this in yours.

Since all summers and ages are known, everyone comes out gloomy and dull.

Ehh, old age, not joy. The third day my head hurts.

And then they remember how many years have passed since you graduated from high school.

Ah, how time flies! How long, it seems, and certainly thirty years have passed.

Then, since you know how much money they have, and you still can't cheat you in this respect, they will serve you tea with yesterday's breadcrumbs and talk about the price of beef and the senior janitor, and that the old apartment was blowing from the floor, and in the new one blows from the ceiling, but it is more expensive by ten rubles a month.

Strangers in relation to you are full of the brightest predictions. All business and enterprise you, probably, will be great success. Still would! With your intelligence, yes with your self-control, yes with your charm!

Theirs, on the contrary, mourn you in advance, shake their heads in disbelief and croak.

They have some kind of heavy foreboding about you. And, besides, knowing your carelessness, carelessness, absent-mindedness and inability to get along with people, they can prove to you, like two or two, four, that you are in for big trouble and very sad consequences if you don’t change your mind in time and do not get rid of the stupid ventures.

The awareness that strangers are more pleasant than their own gradually penetrates the masses, and I have already had a chance to be convinced of this twice.

One day - it was in the carriage - some bile gentleman shouted at his neighbor:

Why are you falling apart! You have to realize that someone else also needs a place. If you are an ill-mannered person, then you should ride in a dog carriage, not a passenger car. Keep this in mind!

And the neighbor answered him:

Amazing business! You see me for the first time in your life, but shout at me as if I were your brother! God knows what it is!

The second time I heard a young lady praise her husband and say:

Here we have been married for four years, and he is always sweet, polite, attentive, like a stranger!

And the audience was not surprised by the strange praise.

Nadezhda Teffi is the first and best humorist of the early 20th century, recognized as the "queen of humor". Who is she and how does she catch the reader? The humor of Nadezhda Teffi is not a senseless giggle "in a rag", but a very subtle intellectual satire, built on her own observations and life situations, familiar to everyone.

Over time, the humorous nature of the narrative annoys Nadezhda. And now her works are full of philosophical meaning. Teffi's story "Friends and Strangers", a summary of which we will consider below, is considered a brilliant illustration of the relationship between the most dear and important people in our life.

Getting to know the author

Teffi is the pseudonym of Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya, a Russian writer, poetess, translator and memoirist. The public knows her from the famous stories "Demonic Woman" and "Kefer". Let's talk about the biography of a woman in more detail.

short biography

Nadezhda Lokhvitskaya was born in a beautiful city on the Neva in the family of a lawyer. The girl received her education in the gymnasium on After marriage, she lived near Mogilev. The poetess began to publish in 1901. She was famous for her hanging tongue and ability to joke appropriately, was a regular contributor to the magazine "Satyricon". With her first husband Vladislav Buchinsky, she raised three children - two girls and a boy. After the separation of the spouses, the writer moved to St. Petersburg, where she expanded her literary activity even more widely.

About the alias

The writer did not want to sign her stories with her real name. At the same time, she also did not want to hide behind a man's, although this was a very popular practice. The author decided to confuse her readers by choosing something incomprehensible. She remembered the name of one fool - Steffy, deciding to use it as a pseudonym, discarding only the first letter. Once, during an interview, a journalist asked the poetess about the origin of the pseudonym, adding the fact that this name is found in Kipling's stories. Having heard this version, Nadezhda Teffi dutifully agreed.

Other researchers of the writer's work argue that the choice of a pseudonym was part of a mystical literary game that Nadezhda Lokhvitskaya loved very much. Someone also claims that "Teffi" is just a modification of the name Stefan. There is also a version that Nadezhda Lokhvitskaya took a pseudonym, since her sister Mirra Lokhvitskaya was published under her real name. She, by the way, was called “Russian Sappho”.

Miniatures

Miniatures were the writer's favorite genre. Short stories, full of humor, satire and insight, became the hallmark of the poetess. Perhaps she liked this style of story after long work in magazines, where it was required to write briefly but brightly.

"Friends and foes": a summary

The miniature of the famous Russian writer tells that all people divide the people around them into "us" and "strangers." The first are those about which everything is known: from age to material status. The same information is unknown about "strangers". If a situation happens that all this becomes known, then the "stranger" will immediately go into the category of "friends." So Teffi says.

"Ours and others", the summary of which we are considering, presents the reader with the thesis that the love of loved ones can be worse than the feelings of strangers. A number of proofs are given for this statement. A person who has many "friends" knows more bad things about himself. He suffers more, it is harder for him to live in the world, says the reader Nadezhda Teffi ("Ours and others").

Shows that the central question of the work is the following: why strangers in grief can be kinder and more compassionate than the closest and dearest? The writer plays on this theme in a spirit of irony and mockery. However, the question is painfully familiar to everyone.

Do you want to feel all the tension of relations between loved ones? Read "Friends and Others" by Teffi. Summary the story is full of smart thoughts that are worth pondering. Perhaps the relationship is so difficult, because "friends" always tell the truth, and "outsiders" lie a little. And such a sweet lie is much more pleasant than bitter words from relatives. Is it so difficult for a person to accept the truth?

Speaking about the story "Ours and Others" by Teffi, the summary must be analyzed in detail. It has a description of two interesting cases. The first occurred in a carriage when one passenger shouted at another for bad manners and indifference to others. To this the second traveler responded with indignation: "You see me for the first time in your life, but shout like a brother." The second interesting case concerns the wife, who told about her husband. She said: “Such is my husband, polite, pleasant and courteous, as if a stranger! But we have been married for 4 years! "

Nicholas II himself was an admirer of Nadezhda Teffi's creativity. Sweets ("Teffi") were also named after the poet. In the 1920s, when the negative aspects of emigrant life began to be described in the writer's work, her collections became pirated. It ended when she made a public accusation.

Closing the newspaper Russian word", In which she worked, entailed a chain of interesting events: Nadezhda Teffi goes to Kiev and Odessa, then ends up in Turkey, Paris and Germany. In 1920, the writer married Paul Tikston. She opened her literary salon in Germany.

Teffi's story "Friends and Strangers", the summary of which we reviewed, is a pearl of Russian literature, like other works of Nadezhda. You should collect them and carefully store them in the depths of your soul, looking for answers to "eternal" questions. What did N. Teffi want to convey? "Aliens", a brief summary of which we learned, suggests that you should be more attentive to your family. There is no need to hurt them with the truth if it is so painful.

"Friends and foes"

We divide all people in relation to us into "ours" and "strangers".

Ours are those about whom we know for certain, how old they are and how much money they have.

The years and money of strangers are completely and forever hidden from us, and if for some reason this secret is revealed to us, strangers will instantly turn into our own, and this last circumstance is extremely unprofitable for us, and that's why: they consider it their duty to certainly cut the truth in your eyes -women, while strangers should delicately lie.

The more a person has of his own, the more he knows about himself bitter truths and the harder it is for him to live in the world.

You will meet, for example, a stranger on the street. He will smile at you affably and say:

How fresh you are today!

And if after three minutes (what can change in you in such a short time?) His own approaches, he will look at you contemptuously and say:

And you, my dear, have a swollen nose. Runny nose, or what?

If you are sick, there is only joy and pleasure from strangers: letters of condolence, flowers, sweets.

His - the first duty will begin to find out where and when you could catch a cold, as if this is the most important thing. When, finally, in his opinion, the place and time have been established, he will begin to reproach you for why you caught a cold exactly there and then:

Well, how could it be possible to go without galoshes to Aunt Masha! This is downright outrageous - such carelessness in your years!

In addition, strangers always pretend that they are terribly afraid of your illness and that they attach serious importance to it:

My God, you seem to be coughing! It's horrible! You probably have pneumonia! For heaven's sake, call a council. You can't joke with that! I probably won't sleep all night with worry.

All this is pleasant for you, and, besides, the patient is always flattering when his nonsense influenza, at a cost of thirty-seven degrees and one-tenth, is called pneumonia.

Theirs behave very differently.

Tell me please! Already he fell into bed! Well, how not ashamed because of such nonsense ?! Outrageous suspiciousness ... Well, pull yourself together! Cheer up - it's a shame to be so limp!

It's a good nonsense when I have a temperature of thirty-eight, you squeak, adding a whole degree.

The importance is great! - mocks his own. - People endure typhus on their feet, and he is going to die because of thirty-eight degrees. Outrageous!

And he will scoff at you for a long time, recalling various funny stories, when you rolled your eyes and moaned in the same languid way, and two hours later devoured a fried turkey.

These stories will drive you mad and really raise your temperature to the degree you lied it to.

In their own language, this is called "cheering up a sick relative." Getting to know your friends is very sad and irritating.

Strangers accept you cheerfully, pretend to be happy with your arrival to ecstasy.

Since you don't have to know how old they are, their faces will all be powdered and youthful, their conversations are cheerful, their movements are lively and vigorous.

And since you do not have to know how much money they have, in order to deceive you, they will feed you expensive and tasty things. For the same reason, you will be put in the best room with the most beautiful furniture they can, and bedrooms with tattered curtains and a stool instead of a washbasin will not even show you, no matter how you ask.

New cups will be put on the table for you, and the kettle will not have a broken nose, and they will give you a clean napkin, and they will start a pleasant conversation for you - about some of your talent, and if it is not there, then about your new hat, and if it is not there either. so about your good character.

You will not find anything like this in yours.

Since all summers and ages are known, everyone comes out gloomy and dull.

Eh, old age is not a joy. The third day my head hurts.

And then they remember how many years have passed since you graduated from high school.

Ah, how time flies! How long, it seems, and certainly thirty years have passed.

Then, since you know how much money they have, and you still can't cheat you in this respect, they will serve you tea with yesterday's breadcrumbs and talk about the price of beef, and about the senior janitor, and about the fact that in the old apartment the barrel was blowing from the floor, and in the new one it was blowing from the ceiling, but it was ten rubles a month more expensive.

Strangers in relation to you are full of the brightest predictions. All business and enterprise you, probably, will be great success. Still would! With your intelligence, yes with your self-control, yes with your charm!

Theirs, on the contrary, mourn you in advance, shake their heads in disbelief and croak; they always have some kind of heavy foreboding about you. And, besides, knowing your carelessness, carelessness, absent-mindedness and inability to get along with people, they can prove to you, like two or two, four, that you are in for big trouble and very sad consequences if you don’t change your mind in time and do not get rid of the stupid ventures.

The awareness that strangers are more pleasant than their own gradually penetrates the masses, and I have already had a chance to be convinced of this twice.

One day - it was in the carriage - some bilious gentleman shouted at his neighbor:

Why are you falling apart! You need to realize that someone else also needs a place. If you are an ill-mannered person, then you should ride in a dog carriage, not a passenger car. Keep this in mind!

And the neighbor answered him:

Amazing business! You see me for the first time in your life, but shout at me as if I were your brother! God knows what it is!

The second time I heard a young lady praise her husband and say:

Here we have been married for four years, and he is always sweet, polite, attentive, like a stranger!

And the audience was not surprised by the strange praise. I am not surprised either.

The story begins with the statement that we divide all people into "strangers and ours." How? We just know about “ours” how old they are and how much money they have. They always try to hide these things and concepts that are most important for people. Moreover, they always want to make a good impression on “strangers” (as if years are not enough, but there is a lot of money), so they behave friendly. “Theirs” understand that nothing needs to be hidden, and they also like to say everything as it is. It turns out that the more close people, the more we know the truth about ourselves, and this is unpleasant.

The whole story continues with the comparison of situations with "strangers and friends." For example, Teffi gives an example: if you meet a stranger on the street, you will hear a lot of pleasant words about yourself, and when you meet your family, you will only hear the unpleasant truth. Or in illness: strangers will always worry, but their own will only laugh, try to cheer, but rather severely. Say, what are you whimpering here ?! “Aliens” pleasantly exaggerate the nonsense dignity of a person, and “their own” belittle even significant ones.

At home, everyone is usually gloomy and angry, but guests are so joyful and beautiful! Compared "strangers and friends" in situations with funny dialogues and characters.

In the end, an example is given, which, apparently, prompted the author to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe story. The man was indignant that they were shouting at him as if he were "his own." That is, “his own” could afford this, but an outsider ...

In general, the comparison is clearly in favor of "outsiders". They are always so pleasant ... But the story teaches that this is all unnatural.

Picture or drawing of Teffi - Friends and foes

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ON. Teffi "Friends and Foes"

A whole trend in Russian satirical literature of the early 20th century is associated with the name Teffi. Contemporaries called him "lyrical satire". The nature of the phenomenon called "lyrical satire" is twofold: on the one hand, it is a strange satire - satire - a caricature, almost a caricature of modernity, and at the same time - an elegy, a complaint of the heart, like the words of a diary.

The plot of the story "Ours and others" is built on the proof of the thesis "The more a person has of his own, the more he knows about himself bitter truths and the harder it is for him to live in the world." Proving this thesis, the author draws the following life situations:discussion appearance, slight indisposition, "friendly" reception, life plans of the heroine.

Phrases that convey the attitude of friends and foes

"Will look at you with contempt"

"Strangers must lie delicately"

"Will smile at you kindly"

Discussion of the heroine's slight malaise

"He will begin to inquire where and when you could have caught a cold, he will begin to reproach why you caught a cold."

Will mock you for a long time

"From strangers to you only joy and pleasure", "pretend that they are terribly frightened"

Away

“It’s sad and irritating to make acquaintance with our own people, everyone comes out gloomy and gloomy, they will serve tea with yesterday’s breadcrumbs ...”

“They accept you cheerfully, pretend to be delighted with your arrival to ecstasy. The faces are powdered, youthful, the conversations are cheerful, lively, vigorous, full of the brightest predictions about you, they will put you in the best room, the conversations will make you pleasant "

Discussion of the heroine's life plans

"They mourn you in advance, shake their heads in disbelief and croak ..."

“And besides, knowing your carelessness, carelessness, absent-mindedness and inability to get along with people, they can prove to you, like two or two - four, that you are in for big trouble and very sad consequences if you don’t change your mind in time and don’t get it out of your head stupid idea "

“In relation to you, they are full of the brightest predictions. All enterprises to you, probably, will be great success. With your mind, but with your charm "

Theirs cut the truth - the womb, strangers delicately lie, while both of them reveal egoism, indifference, hypocrisy. Both their own and those of others, these qualities are hidden under the guise of caring for others.

Examples of

The story of the incident in the carriage.

“You will meet, for example, a stranger on the street. All this is pleasant for you ... "

Orientation to oral reproduction. The character of the characters is revealed mainly in dialogues that recreate various shades (individual and social) of lively conversational speech

"He's already gone to bed!"

"Cheer up - it's a shame to become so limp!"

Fragmentation and mosaicism are the main compositional principle.

A frame in which a kind of game between the author and the reader takes place, as a compositional technique.

Double assessment of what is happening on the part of the narrator and the reader's assessment of what is happening and the image of the narrator.

The story of the incident in the carriage.

“We divide all people in relation to us into“ ours ”and“ strangers ”.

“And the listeners were not surprised by the strange praise. I am not surprised either. "