Lesson summary. French language "Indirect speech2. Indirect speech. Discours indirect. Indirect speech in French

When it is necessary to say what another person said, thought (says, thinks), or to convey one’s own words, or the thoughts of the speaker, subsidized by the past period, this is said by citing the exact words of a person (direct speech), or reproducing words regarding those circumstances , in which they are quoted (indirect speech). When translating direct speech into indirect speech, it is necessary to observe facial changes, lexical changes and correctly coordinate tenses.

In some cases, when a sentence moves from direct speech to indirect speech, the persons of adjectives and pronouns change, for example, je (I) changes to il (he), “ma” (my) changes to “sa” (his). For example, "Il a dit: "J"ai appris la leçon hier." (He said: "I learned my lesson yesterday.") is direct speech, and "Il a dit qu"a appris la leçon à la veille." (He said that he learned the lesson the day before.) - indirect speech.
When moving from direct speech to indirect speech, local and temporal indicators change.
In indirect speech, as a rule, the tenses in subordinate clauses change, that is, tenses are agreed upon if the verbs in such sentences are used in the past tense.

Indirect speech in French is divided into indirect requests and orders, indirect statements and indirect questions.

In the case where direct speech contains an imperative verb, in indirect speech the verb is used in an indefinite form. It is then preceded by the preposition "de". If the verb has a negative form, then the negative particles of the combination “ne pas” are written before the verb after “de”.
In the case when the author’s statement is conveyed to someone, as a rule, the requests sound more polite.

Indirect speech in French, which is narrative in nature, is introduced using the conjunction “que” in cases where direct speech also contains a narrative sentence.

If direct speech includes an interrogative sentence, then the sentence with indirect speech will end with the conjunction “si” (when asking a question about a verb), the combination “ce qui” (when asking a question about a subject), the same question word as in the question of direct speech (when a question to an indirect complement, or to a circumstance), or the combination “ce que” (when a question to a direct complement).
The order of words in indirect interrogative sentences is usually direct. Rearrangement is possible in cases where an indirect question to an object (direct) or circumstance includes a noun.

In the interrogative sentence of French indirect speech, interrogative adjectives, interrogative pronouns and adverbs do not change, remaining the same as in direct speech, with some exceptions:
- a general question that does not contain interrogative words and the phrase “est-ce que” in direct speech becomes the conjunction “si” when transitioning to indirect speech,
- in direct speech the phrase “qui est-ce qui” (who) in indirect speech becomes the conjunction “qui”,
- the conjunction “que” and the phrase “qu’est-ce que” (that) in direct speech, when transitioning to indirect speech, take the form of the combination “ce que”,
- the phrase “qui est-ce que” (whom) in direct speech, in indirect speech it becomes the conjunction “qui”,
- the phrase “qu’est-ce qui” (that) in direct speech, when transitioning to indirect speech, takes the form of the combination “ce qui”.

Indirect speech is a complex sentence in which the main clause includes a speaking verb, and the subordinate clause reproduces direct speech.

Types of sentences in indirect speech:

• Affirmative sentence. Translates the author's direct speech into indirect speech. The subordinate clause in this case is joined using a conjunction que (What):

Pierre dit à Marie: “Je te prête mes clés.” → Pierre dit à Marie qu ‘il lui prête ses clés. Pierre says to Marie: “I’ll give you my keys.” — Pierre tells Marie that he will give her his keys.

• An imperative sentence. In such phrases, the verb in the imperative mood is transformed from direct speech into indefinite form, preceded by a preposition de. If the verb is in a negative form, then both negative particles ( ne…pas) are placed before the infinitive after a preposition de:

La mère dit à son enfant: “Dis-moi la verité!” →La mère dit à son enfant de lui dire la verité. — A mother says to her child, “Tell me the truth!” — A mother tells her child to tell the truth.

• Indirect question. The question from direct speech is transformed into indirect. In this case, the direct word order is observed, i.e. the subject precedes the predicate:

Lucie: “Quelle heure est-il?” → Lucie demande quelle heure il est. Lucy: "What time is it?" — Lucy asks what time it is?

In an indirect question, interrogative adjectives, interrogative pronouns and adverbs remain the same as in direct speech, with the following exceptions:

When translating a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, tense coordination is required in the subordinate clause if the verb of the main sentence is in the past tense.

Time conversion table

When translating a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, temporary and local indicators also change:

Speaking verbs in the main clause:

* - verbs of group III

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Direct and indirect speech

The conversion of direct speech into indirect speech in French occurs with the help of a subordinating conjunction que, changes in tense - according to the rules for agreeing tenses in French, changes in mood (if there is an imperative mood in direct speech), changes in pronouns and possessive adjectives: Il a dit: “Je suis ton ami et je t’aiderai toujours.” He said: “I am your friend, and I will always help you.” II a dit qu'il était son ami et qu'il l'aiderait toujours. He told him that he was his friend and that he would always help him. Il lui dit: “Dépêche-toi, nous sommes en retard.” He tells her: “Hurry up, we are late.” Il lui dit qu'elle se dépêche, qu'ils sont en retard. He tells her to hurry up, that they are late.

The imperative mood can be replaced by an infinitive : Il lui dit de se dépêcher. He tells her to hurry up.

Le discourse indirect

Direct and indirect question

The question can be asked directly using various interrogative pronouns, constructions and inversion, or indirectly by introducing verbs savoir to know, (se) demander to ask (oneself), chercher to seek, examiner to study etc., to which the question is subordinated in the form of an additional clause.

Question to the subject-person - qui And qui est-ce qui and to the complement-face- qui And qui est-ce que replaced in an indirect question by a pronoun qui:

Qui est entre? / Qui est-ce qui est entré? Who came in?

Qui voyez-vous? / Qui est-ce que vous voyez? Who do you see?

In an indirect question: Je demande qui est entré. I ask who came in. Je demande qui vous voyez. I'm asking who you see.

Question to the subject qu'est-ce qui is replaced by ce qui and to the complement-subject que And qu'est-ce que is replaced by ce que: Qu’est-ce qui est tombé? What fell? Que voyez-vous? Qu'est-ce que vous voyez? What do you see?

In an indirect question: Je demande ce qui est tombé. I ask what fell. Je demande ce que vous voyez. I'm asking what you see.

Direct question to the predicate using inversion or revolution est-ce que introduced in an indirect question using a conjunction si : Irez-vous au théâtre? Est-ce que vous irez au théâtre? Will you go to the theater? Je demande si vous irez au théâtre. I'm asking if you're going to the theater.

Direct question with interrogative adverbs and words comment? où? quel? pourquoi? etc. is subject to the main sentence with the same words: Où allez-vous? Where are you going? Commentse porte-t-il? How does he feel Quel âge as-tu? How old are you? Pourquoi est-il triste? Why is he sad?

Je veux savoir / où vous allez, / comment il se porte, / quel âge tu as / pourquoi il est triste.

The word order in additional clauses that represent an indirect question is usually direct. Inversion is only possible if the word introducing the direct question is a nominal part of the predicate: J e veux savoir quel est cet homme. I want to know who this person is.

The tenses in the subordinate clause-indirect question follow the rule of tense agreement, the moods are the same as in the direct question.

Indirect speech is a complex sentence in which the subordinate clause reproduces direct speech, and most importantly includes a speaking verb.

Types of sentences in indirect speech:

1. Les phrases déclaratives (affirmative sentences)

Pierre dit à Marie: “Je te prête mes clés.” →Pierre dit à Marie qu‘il lui prête ses clés. Pierre says to Marie: “I’ll give you my keys.” - Pierre tells Marie that he will give her his keys.

2. Les phrases impératives (imperative sentences)

The verb in the imperative mood from direct speech in such phrases is transformed into indefinite form, preceded by a preposition de. If the verb is in the negative form, then both negative particles ( ne pas) are placed before the infinitive after the preposition de:

La mere dità son enfant:"Dis-moila vérité!” →La mère dit à son enfant de lui dire la verité. - A mother says to her child, “Tell me the truth!” - A mother tells her child to tell the truth.

3. Les phrases interrogatives (indirect question)

The question from direct speech is transformed into indirect:

Lucie: “Quelle heure est-il?” → Lucie demande quelle heure il est. Lucy: "What time is it?" - Lucy asks what time it is?

In an indirect question, direct word order is observed, i.e. the subject precedes the predicate.

In an indirect question, interrogative pronouns, interrogative adjectives and adverbs remain the same as in direct speech, with the following exceptions:

When translating sentences from direct speech to indirect speech, you must remember 3 rules:

1. In some cases, the person of pronouns and adjectives changes!

For example, “I” to “he”, “my” to “his”, etc.

2. Indirect speech is characterized by a change in tenses in the subordinate clause (agreement of tenses) if the verb of the main clause is in the past tense!

Time conversion table

3. Temporary and local indicators change when translating direct speech into indirect speech!

Speaking verbs:

¤ - verbs 3 gr.

Subject : Allô, Suisse !

Goals :

Educational:

Cultivating students' sustainable interest in the French language

2. Educational:

Development of linguistic competence (repetition of the rules of useDiscourseindirect)

3. Developmental:

Development of voluntary attention

Development of RAM

Development of linguistic conjecture

Development of logical thinking

4. Practical:

Speaking training

Listening training

Reading training

Teaching writing

Tasks:

Formation of grammatical skills (useDiscourseindirect)

Formation of lexical skill (use of nouns denoting objects)

Formation of lexical skill (use of verbs denoting actions)

Formation of reading technique:

*formation of prosodic skill (use of prosodic means in speech)

Formation of writing technique:

* formation of spelling skills (use of nouns denoting objects)

* formation of spelling skills (use of verbs denoting actions)

Language material:

Lexical material:

Namesnouns, denoting objects and phenomena of the surrounding world:commissaire( m) ,médecin (m), docteur (m), professeur (m)

Verbs, denotingactions: demander, répondre, dire, savoir, conseiler

Grammaticalmaterial: Le discourse indirect

Equipment:

Non-technical teaching aids

Textbook for 6th grade for general education institutions "L’ oiseaubleu» N.A.Selivanova, A.Yu. Shashurina, M.: Education, 2008.

Videogram (chalkboard)

Illustrative clarity (conversion tableDiscoursedirectendiscourseindirect)

Lesson Plan

Start of the lesson

1. Organizational moment (1 minute)

   Student report (1 minute)

Main part

2.1. Stage of repetition of the rules of useDiscourseindirect(7 minutes)

III . Final part

During the classes

Start of the lesson

1. Organizing time

Levez-vous! Bonjour, les éleves. Je suis trè s contante de vous voir. Asseyez-vous!

1.2. Reportstudent:

Qui est responsiable de classe aujourd'hui?Quelle date sommes-nous aujourd'hui? Qui est absent? Merci.

Main part

1. Stage of repetition of the rules of useDiscourseindirect(7 minutes)

- EtmaintenantnousallonsrepeaterDiscourseindirect: How do we convey a statement, question, request and order?

Statement: dire (crier, répondre, écrire, savoir)que...

Question: demander si

Request, order: dire (demander, conseiller) de + imfinitif

2.2. Stage of formation of grammatical speaking skills (15 minutes)

Maintenant nous allons faire quelques exercises:

Transformer le discourse direct en discourse indirect:

1. Hier nous sommes alles chez Mme Moncien et nous lui avons parle de son fils, dit le commissaire.

2. Demain j'irai chez le medecin pour lui demander conseil, dit Leon a son frère.

3. J'ai lu hier votre annonce dans le journal, dit Marcel.

4. Lucie dit: Aujourd'hui, samedi, il ne travaille pas, mais il n'a pas voulu rester pres de moi.

5. Le maitre dit aux eleves: Prenoncez bien ce mot.

6. On nous a crie: Mettez-vous au travail.

7. Elle a dit a Jacques: Ne me relephine plus!

8. Le professeur nous a dit: Suivez le cours de literature francaise!

9. La mere crie a sa fille: N’oiblie pas d’acheter un kilo de sucre!

10. Prenez vous les repas a la maison ou bien a la cantine?

11. Est-ce que le docteur lui a interdit de quitter la chamber?

12. Avez-vous faim?

13. Est-ce que ces etudiants ont manqué le cours d’histoire?

14. Vous ennuyez-vous quand vous restez seul?

15. Est-ce que son fils va abandoner ses etudes a l’universite?

2.3. Stage of formation of grammatical writing skills (15 minutes)

Convey direct statements with indirect speech. Be aware of changing the personal form of verbs, pronouns and possessive adjectives:

1. Paul dit: Je suis le premier en Histoire.

2. Helene dit: Mes parents viennent d’acheter une,aison de campagne.

3. Le professeur dit a Jean: Tu as bien ecrit cet exercise.

4. Irene et Sophie dissent: Nous n'aimons pas du tout les films policies.

5. La maitresse dit auz eleves: Voes etes en retard.

Convert direct requests and commands to indirect ones:

1. Le guide nous a demande: Descendez de l’autobus le plus vite possible, s.v.p.

2. Le professeur a dit: N’ecrivez pas sur le livre!

3. Nos parents nous dissent: Passez vos exemens d’abord.

4. Maman demande a sa fille: Reviens avant sept heures du soir.

3. Convert direct questions into indirect questions:

1. Mon copain me demande: Est-ce que ton petit frère marche déjà?

2. Je demande a mes copains: Allez-vous ecoiter ces cassettes?

3. Pierre nous demande: Est-ce que vous conaissez la vie de Jeanne d’Arc?

III . Final part

3.1. Homework (2 minutes)

Ecrivez le devoir: Vous devez fair l’exercice 2 à la page 215.

Lesson Analysis

The objectives of the lesson were sufficiently completed. It took a little more time to repeat the material than planned, but this did not interfere with the achievement of the lesson goals, since the students were quite attentive and active.