A mushroom that can be easily confused with milk mushroom: description of white milk mushroom. Salted white and black milk mushrooms: simple pickling recipes Is it possible to fry white milk mushrooms?
In the photo there is a Podgruzdok mushroom
Grows in coniferous forests, especially under pine trees, on sandy soil.
Fruits from July to October. Found singly or in small groups.
The black loader has no doubles. See what the loader looks like in the photo and read the description about it below in the article:
These mushrooms can be found in almost all forests of Russia: both coniferous and deciduous. They usually grow in groups, which mushroom pickers really like. They hide under the leaves, so you need to look for them and dig them out.
Among its edible qualities, the mushroom is also popular for its medicinal properties. It is actively used in pharmacology for the manufacture of various medications, as well as in folk medicine.
Podgrudok belongs to the Russula family. Found in forests from June to November. They come in several types:
- white;
- black;
- blackening;
- often plastic.
The appearance of the load is similar to that of a milk mushroom. The similarities are visible in the shape of the cap. But it does not have fringed edges, is matte white or with spots of a brownish tint, and is dry. Its size is no more than 20 cm in diameter. The fashion of the mushroom is distinguished by the presence of a dent on the cap at the top, and the adult one has funnels. The pulp is brittle. The plates of this type of mushroom are often white, sometimes they can have a bluish tint.
Let's take a closer look at all the types of loading presented, see photos later in the article.
In the photo Podgruzdok is white
The white podgruzdok (dry milk mushroom) has a short and thick stem. It is white in color. The older the mushroom, the more likely it is that the stem will be hollow in the middle.
The russula mushroom has a cap with a diameter of 7 to 20 cm, a pure white shade, and dry. Often has attached lumps of earth or leaves. The plates are white and thin. Their shade can be blue or slightly greenish. The pulp is dense, white. Does not change color when scrapped. The plates are white, caustic.
The white loader is similar in appearance to a violin. A significant difference is the absence of milky juice. Look what the white loader looks like in the photo:
This species is used in cooking, fried, for mushroom broths, pickled and salted. Alcohol tinctures are also prepared on fruiting bodies and used to treat sarcomas and carcinomas.
In the photo, Frequently plate loading
Another name for this species is common nigella. It is found more often in the south of Russia, in coniferous, mixed or deciduous forests.
The cap is distinguished by a more grayish, sometimes brown tint, which becomes olive and sometimes brown in color as the fungus grows. Its diameter is rarely more than 12 cm. Young mushrooms have a sticky cap, but with age it becomes dry. The leg is the same shade as the cap.
When scrapped, the pulp turns red, then brown, and then turns black. This mushroom has light plates that do not reach its stem.
The taste is inexpressive, the smell is weak.
In medicine, an extract from a frequent-plate loading is used. It has antimicrobial activity. To relax muscles, the properties of this type of mushroom are used in medicine.
In the kitchen, loaded plates are often fried, made into broths, marinated and salted. The mushroom does not need to be pre-boiled.
In the photo Podgruzdok is turning black
The blackening mushroom has a cap up to 20 cm. As it grows, it changes its shade from whitish brown, and in the old mushroom it becomes black. The plates are white, sometimes yellowish, but as they grow older they also become dark. They are quite rarely located from each other.
The flesh of the body is hard, quite dense, and when reacting with air changes its color to dark. The mushroom tastes pleasant, not hot. The leg of the black species is solid and acquires a brown tint.
Look at this loading mushroom in the photo:
From the description of its main differences from other subspecies, it is clear that its distinctive feature is its dark color, which gave it its name.
Most often it can be found in the forest temperate zone of Russia from July to October. Loves the soil under coniferous and deciduous trees.
Black podgrudok mushroom
In the photo Podgruzdok is black
The pulp turns black when cut
The black podgrudok differs from the blackening one mainly only in the shade of the pulp on the cut. It turns red. Its taste and other qualities remain similar.
In pharmacy it is used as an antioxidant and antisarcoma agent. Nigrikacin is obtained from it.
The mushroom is used for food in fried, salted or pickled form. It is also suitable for making soups.
Podgrudok, a description of the species of which we have provided you with, are quite frequent guests in the forests of our territory. They grow under foliage or needles and reveal their presence only by small tubercles above the ground. Mushroom pickers love these mushrooms for their taste.
Cook the loading for 20 minutes, after keeping it in water for 3 days.
How to cook loading
1. Pour cold water over the mushrooms and let them soak for 3 days, changing the water every 24 hours. This will ensure easy cleaning of the loaders.2. Clean soaked food. They are often difficult to clean, so use a toothbrush and scrub well. Using a knife, carefully cut off any darkened or yellowed areas, if any.
3. Place peeled mushrooms in a saucepan, add water until they are completely covered, add 1 teaspoon of salt and place over moderate heat.
4. Bring the toppings to a boil, cook for 20 minutes and remove from heat.
5. Drain the hot water, rinse the mushrooms with cold water and leave to cool. The cooling process must take place in cold water, otherwise the loads will darken.
6. Place the mushrooms in a saucepan and sprinkle with salt and seasoning. The amount of salt depends on the volume of the pan.
7. Your loads are welded!
How to salt loadings in a quick way
ProductsLoads - 1 kilogram
Water - 5 liters
Citric acid - 1 pinch
Salt - 1 teaspoon for cooking mushrooms and 2 tablespoons for brine
How to salt loadings
1. Rinse the mushrooms well to remove dirt and needles. It is necessary to rinse with strong pressure with cold water. If the mushrooms have a yellowed layer, it must be removed using special brushes or toothbrushes, thoroughly rubbing the dirty area. If the loads are old, then the yellowed areas should be cut off with a knife.
2. Place the toppings in a saucepan, add water, add 1 teaspoon of salt and place over moderate heat.
3. Cook the mushrooms for 20 minutes and add a pinch of citric acid.
4. Remove from heat and cool the loading.
5. Prepare the brine: add 2 tablespoons of salt to 1 liter of water.
6. Pour brine into the mushrooms, transfer to an airtight container and place in cold running water.
7. When the mushrooms have cooled, they are ready to eat.
Fkusnofacts
- Often loads and breasts confused, but these are completely different mushrooms. Milk mushrooms have a wet cap, they have pubescent edges with fringe. As for the caps, their caps are never covered with a wet shell; on the contrary, they are always dry and rough to the touch. The hat can reach up to 18 cm, but it lacks such elegance as the fringe of milk mushrooms.Loadings grow in deciduous and mixed forests, in sandy-turf soil. As a rule, myceliums are located near birch, aspen, wild apple and pear trees.
Active growth of plantlets requires a lot of light and a little warmth. Appear they are in June and can be collected until late autumn - mid-November, until low air temperatures are observed.
Loads are growing large families. Although they need light, they hide under leaves and soil. To collect them, sometimes you have to dig the soil.
IN difference from milk mushrooms, the toppings can be fried, without soaking. You can also make soups from them. But most often they are consumed in salted form.
Mushrooms of this type bitter, therefore, before cooking, you need to pre-soak for a long time in water. The loads are soaked in water for 3 days, the water is changed every 24 hours. It is important to use running cold water; if you use warm water, the mushrooms will turn black.
The peculiarity of caps is that as they grow, they always form on the cap. lumps of soil, which are difficult to remove. Cleans well after soaking in cold water. You can use a toothbrush to carefully remove pine needles and dirt. Its fibers will remove even small particles of dirt.
Before as salt, the loading must be boiled - this will help get rid of the bitterness of the mushroom. It will be enough for the loading to boil for 20 minutes in salted water.
If when cooking mushrooms oversalted loading, you need to place them in cold water and soak for 10 minutes.
White Podgrudok is a representative of the Russula family. This mushroom is also called dry milk mushroom, cracker or podgruzd. This is an edible variety of mushroom.
The Latin name of the mushroom is Russula delica.
The cap of a dry milk mushroom is at first convex with the edges turned down, then it becomes funnel-shaped and depressed. Its diameter at different stages of growth is 7-20 centimeters. The color of the cap is pure white, sometimes there may be red-brown or brown-yellow spots.
At first, the surface of the cap is thin felt, over time it becomes bare, often lumps of earth stick to it. In dry weather the cap cracks.
Under the cap there are frequent, rather thin plates. The color of the plates is white, with a bluish or turquoise tint, and a greenish metallic tint may be observed. The pulp is dense but fragile. The color of the pulp is white and does not change when broken. The pulp is not caustic, but the plates are very caustic. The taste of the pulp is fresh, and the aroma is similar to the smell of milkweeds.
The leg is strong, relatively short and thick. Its length is 2-5 centimeters, and its girth is no more than 1-2 centimeters. The color of the leg is white, often with age it becomes brownish with brown spots of irregular shape. In the upper part the leg is narrower, slightly bluish. In overripe specimens, the legs become hollow.
Places where dry milk mushrooms grow
Dry milk mushrooms are distributed throughout the forest territory of the Russian Federation. These fungi form mycorrhiza with beech, birch, aspen, oak, pine, spruce and alder.
White grasses are quite abundant in birch, mixed, coniferous and aspen forests. Can grow in mountainous areas. Dry milk mushrooms bear fruit from June to November.
Evaluation of the edibility of white mushrooms
These mushrooms can be fried, marinated and made into soups. Dry milk mushrooms are marinated with or without boiling. In certain regions, these mushrooms are valued more than other species, including milk mushrooms.
Similar species
The short-legged russula, like the white podgruzdok, is a rare mushroom. It grows only in North America;
The greenish-plated plant prefers to grow deep in the forest, in shady places. This mushroom can be recognized by its bluish plates;
The white false podgruzd lives only under oak trees. His cap is first convex and then concave, yellow in color, and the plates are bluish-green;
Skripitsa differs from white podgrudka by the presence of milky juice.
Medicinal properties of white loading
An alcohol solution from fresh fruiting bodies has antitumor activity. It is 100% effective against Ehrlich carcinoma and 90% against sarcoma-180.
Related species
Podgrudok black is an edible mushroom. In certain areas it is called black russula. His hat is convex and outstretched, pressed in the middle. The color of the cap is fawn or grayish, turning brown with age. The surface of the cap is sticky. The leg is cylindrical, dense, the same color as the cap. If the leg is touched, it turns black. The pulp is sweetish, with the smell of mold, non-caustic, and turns red when broken.
Black plantlets grow under the pine trees. They choose acidic soils. Black caps are collected from July to October. They are not found in abundance. These are edible mushrooms, but of the 4th category, they are suitable for pickling.
Podgrudok is a white and black edible mushroom, but its taste is bland. It has a cap with a diameter of up to 5 centimeters, at first it is convex and then becomes funnel-shaped. The surface of the cap is whitish; in the center it becomes dirty gray with age. When pressed, the cap turns black. The leg is cylindrical, strong, filled, whitish in color, and over time black spots appear on it. The pulp is dense, white in color, and turns brown when exposed to air. The pulp has a minty taste and a fruity aroma.
White and black podgruzdki grow in Eurasia and North America. They can settle in deciduous forests and conifers. These mushrooms enter into beneficial alliances with pine and birch trees.
It is one of the ways to prepare them for the winter. For pickling, from tubular mushrooms, they use young porcini mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, and from lamellar mushrooms, they use autumn mushrooms, saffron milk caps, boletuses, milk mushrooms, and white mushrooms.
Fresh mushrooms cannot be stored for long, so they must be sort through, clear of debris and salt. When sorting, they are laid out by type: milk mushrooms, boletus, white mushrooms, boletus and so on. Specimens intended for pickling and immediate fresh use are immediately set aside.
If pickled mushrooms are stored in the cellar, at a temperature not exceeding five degrees Celsius To pickle them, take 50 grams of salt per 1 kg of mushrooms. If storage temperature will be room temperature, for 1 kg of mushrooms you should take 100 g of salt. Spices and herbs are added according to your taste. Some housewives use bay leaves, others allspice and black pepper, some put currant leaves, and some, nothing.
To pickle mushrooms, glass jars, enamel pots and buckets, wooden barrels, and so on are used. All salted mushrooms should be kept under pressure.
Dry pickling of mushrooms
Chernushki, saffron milk caps and smoothies You can salt it like this: Cut off the stem of prepared mushrooms, place them in a container, cover with salt, cover with a napkin, put a circle on top and place a weight. The mushrooms will release juice and settle. As they compact, you can add fresh mushrooms to the container, sprinkling them with salt, until the container is completely filled and the settling of the mushrooms stops.
Mushrooms salted in this way are ready for consumption no earlier than after 35 days.
- Mushrooms - 1 kg
- salt - 50 g
Pickling soaked and boiled mushrooms
Some lamellar mushrooms have a pungent, bitter or unpleasant taste and odor. This can be eliminated by soaking them for two to three days or by cooking. Mushrooms intended for pickling are placed in a bowl and filled with cold, salted water. For 5 kg of mushrooms take 1 liter of water. Cover with a cloth, then with a wooden circle and place a weight on top.
The soaked mushrooms are put in a cold place so that they do not sour. The soaking time, depending on the type of mushroom, ranges from 1 to 3 days. The water should be changed at least once a day.
During the soaking process, mushrooms lose their taste, since water takes away some of the soluble substances from them, so soaking can be replaced by scalding. Mushrooms that have a persistent unpleasant odor and taste must be boiled.
Prepared for pickling valui, chanterelles, milk mushrooms, podgruzdi, russula etc. immerse in boiling water and cook for 5 to 30 minutes. Honey mushrooms - 15-20 minutes, valui and chanterelles - 30 minutes, bitter mushrooms - 8-10 minutes, white mushrooms and chanterelles are scalded with boiling water. Porcini mushrooms, boletus, boletus and aspen mushrooms are boiled in salted water for 8-10 minutes, after which they are salted in the usual way or pickled.
The water in which mushrooms are boiled is not used for scalding or decoction. It should be poured out. After cooking the mushrooms, the pan should be wiped with dry salt, washed thoroughly and dried with a towel. Pickling mushrooms in this way has its own characteristics for each type.
Pickling porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms,
boletus, butter
The mushrooms are cleaned of dirt, the stems are cut off and cooked in salted, boiling water for 15 minutes. Then, rinse with cold water and place on a sieve, allowing them to dry. Next, the mushrooms are placed in a bowl with their caps up, topped with spices and sprinkled with salt. Cover with a napkin, make a circle and place a weight on top.
- prepared mushrooms - 10 kg
- salt - 500 g
- bay leaf - 20 g
- allspice - 8 g
Salting milk mushrooms and milk mushrooms
The mushrooms are cleaned and sorted, the stems are cut off and soaked in cold water for 2-3 days. After soaking, the mushrooms are thrown into a sieve, allowed to drain well and placed in a barrel, sprinkled with salt and spices. Cover the top with a napkin, place a circle and place a weight.
After salting, the mushrooms will settle, and the barrel can be added. Brine should appear on top. If it does not appear, the load should be added. Such mushrooms can be consumed after 20-25 days.
- Mushrooms - 10 kg
- salt - 400 g
- horseradish root - 20 g
- dill greens - 35 g
- garlic - 40 g
- bay leaf - 10 pcs.
- allspice - 40 peas
Cold pickling of mushrooms
Method 1. Mushrooms are salted raw, after soaking them in cold water and changing it several times: white mushrooms and volnushki - 1 day, saffron milk caps - 4 hours, valui - 2-3 days, milk mushrooms and podgrudki - 2 days. Then pour boiling water over it.
Method 2. The saffron milk caps are not soaked, the white milk caps, volnushki, milk mushrooms, and podgruzdki are soaked for 5 days, and the valui are boiled.
Method 3. Belyanki, volnushki, milk mushrooms, podgrudki, valui are soaked in salted water for 3 days.
Method 4. The mushrooms are not soaked at all. They are washed well and immediately salted.
Method 5. Mushrooms are not salted raw. They must be boiled. They believe that they become more tender and fragrant.
Cold-salted saffron milk caps can be consumed after 5 days; for other mushrooms the timing is longer: milk mushrooms and podgruzdki are ready after 30 days, valui - after 50, white mushrooms and volushki - after 40.
Hot pickling of mushrooms
The mushrooms are boiled before salting.
Method 1. Butter mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, moss mushrooms, honey mushrooms, kids, boil for 5-8 minutes, white mushrooms, champignons, aspen mushrooms - 8-10 minutes, chanterelles - 12-15 minutes, valui - 15-20 minutes.
Method 2. Boil russulas, milk mushrooms, milk mushrooms for 5 minutes, white mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, boletus mushrooms for 5-7 minutes.
Method 3. Boletus and boletus are boiled for 1-2 minutes, chanterelles and pig mushrooms - 20-25 minutes, white mushrooms and boletuses are first poured with boiling water, kept in it for half an hour, the water is changed and boiled for 15 minutes.
Hot salted mushrooms are ready to eat in 2-3 days.