What is a hijab? Definition, description and photo. Hijab - what is it? What does hijab mean

What is Hijab

What is Hijab

The word "hijab" in translation from Arabic means a barrier, a partition.

However, in Islam it has a broader meaning. It is a principle of modesty and conduct, and a type of both men's and women's clothing.

The most common form of hijab is the headscarf, which is worn by many Muslim women. But the hijab consists of more than just a headscarf. Hijab means the complete covering of the whole body except for the hands, face and feet, in a long, loose dress made of opaque fabric.

Muslim women are required to wear the hijab in front of any man they can theoretically marry. This means that wearing the hijab is optional in front of the father, brothers, grandfathers, uncles or young children.

It is not mandatory to wear the hijab in the presence of other Muslim women, but there is discussion about which parts of the body can be revealed in the presence of non-Muslim women.

The rules of modesty can be interpreted in different ways. Some Muslim women wear clothes that cover everything except their eyes. Some leave their face and hands exposed. Others believe that it is necessary to cover only the hair and chest.

In Western countries, the use of the word hijab has been reduced to a headscarf worn by a Muslim woman. Despite this, it would be more correct to call him a himaar. Himaar usually consists of one, rarely two headscarves, with which Muslim women cover their hair, ears and neck, being on the street.

What does the Qur'an say about veils and modesty?

There are a few references to Muslim dress in the Qur'an, but mostly it points to the general principles of modest dress.

“Tell believing men to lower their eyes and keep their modesty, this will be the greatest purification for them. The Lord is fully aware of what they are doing.” (Quran 24:30).

“Tell the believing women to lower their eyes and keep their modesty. And not to flaunt their beauty; they did not dress up and did not make up for the sake of attracting the attention of strangers to themselves, except for what was obvious. And let them throw a scarf over their chest. Let them not display their beauty except to their husbands, relatives, servants, or little children. And let them not beat with their feet, rattling their jewelry, and thereby attracting attention to themselves, to their feminine beauty. Believers, repent before God, all without exception, and perhaps you will succeed.” (Quran 24:31)

Both men and women are ordered to lower their eyes and "keep their modesty."

The main interpretation of the phrase "keep your modesty" is to cover the genitals, this includes the female breast ("and let them throw a shawl over the chest"). Zinach (decorations) is another word with many meanings. It is understood as parts of the body, beauty, beautiful clothes or various jewelry. The same word is used in chapter 7:31 - “Children of Adam! Put on your fine garments during every prayer…”

Telling women not to stamp their feet to get attention speaks volumes about jewelry. It used to be a custom among Arab women to wear ankle chains to attract attention from men.

The word translated as handkerchief is humur, the plural of the word hemaar. According to scholars, the word himaar has no other meaning than the cloth used to cover the head.

Women in the time of the Prophet Muhammad did wear the himaar, but they tied it at the back, leaving the neck and upper chest visible. Therefore, this ayat sounds like an order to wear a himaar over the chest so that the neck and chest are covered.

Wearing a himaar is obligatory for Muslim women.

The phrase "other than that which is evident" has been interpreted in various ways. Among Muslims who believe that the word zinah (jewelry) refers to parts of the body, there is a common belief that this phrase means that women should expose those parts of the body that are necessary for daily activities. These usually include the face and hands.

Some scholars interpret the phrase "other than what is obvious" as follows - if a woman accidentally exposes any part of her body, she will be forgiven. Everyone agrees that a woman should not be punished if she breaks this rule in an emergency.

Pulled down their covers

"Prophet! Tell your wives, your daughters and believing women to put their covers on themselves (when they leave the house). So they will be easier to recognize (distinguish from slaves and harlots) and will not be insulted. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful." (Quran 33:59)

This verse is instructive for all Muslim women. There is another translation - "so that they lengthen their clothes."

The word translated here as "veil" is jalabib, the plural of jilbab. But this does not mean that under this there is a modern type of clothing called jilbab. Translators usually translate this word as a cloak or veil.

The two most common scientific interpretations of the word jilbab are a traveling cloak and a sheet-like garment that covers the entire body, similar to the modern jilbab. Some insist that in the Qur'an the word jilbab means the modern jilbab.

elderly women

For older women, the rules are not so strict:

“It is not forbidden for aged women who do not hope to be married to take off their veils if they do not show their beauty. But modestly abstaining from it is still better for them. And Allah is Hearing, Knowing.” (Quran 24:60)

General rules

These general rules are written in the Qur'an, which can help in understanding how to interpret dress codes in modern times.

"Sons of Adam! We have sent down to you garments to cover your shameful parts and adornments. However, piety is the best garment. This is one of the signs of Allah, perhaps it will serve as a guide to them.” (Quran 7:26)

Thus, clothing should not be monotonous: both sexes are allowed to use clothing for beauty, as well as to cover up nudity. The most important thing is to be humble and pious.

Prophet's Family

Muslims during the formation of Islam did not have strict rules regarding women's clothing. As Islam spread to other countries, early Muslims adopted various regional traditions, including the covering of women's faces. But it wasn't until the second Islamic century that the veil became generally accepted, and was initially used by rich and powerful people as a symbol of their status.

Curtain

In the first mentions of the Quran about the hijab, it is not spoken of as a veil or scarf. The hijab meant some kind of barrier or screen, as, for example, in this verse from the Qur'an:

“If you ask the wives of the Prophet for any utensils, then ask them through the veil. It is more sinless for your hearts and theirs.” (Quran 33:53)

The purpose of this verse is clearly to give the wives of the prophet some degree of protection from unwanted guests and those people who wanted to gossip about them.

The Arabic word avrat means those parts of the body that must be covered with clothing. Avrat is any part of the body, equally for men and women, which should not be visible to others. Avrat is interpreted differently depending on the gender of the company in which the person is located.

Most Muslims believe that for men, the awrah is the part of the body from the navel to the knees, and therefore it should always be covered.

For women, the rules are more complicated:

In the presence of men (both Muslim and non-Muslim) who are not relatives, women should only have their hands and face uncovered.

In the presence of close male relatives, the area from the navel to the knees, as well as the back and abdomen, is considered awrah.

In the presence of Muslim women, the area from the navel to the knees is considered awrah.

Avrat in the presence of non-Muslim women is a matter of controversy:

Some scholars say that women should hide everything except their faces and hands. This is to prevent women of other religions (who may not know the rules regarding hijab) from telling men about women who are wearing hijab.

Other scholars say that if a woman of another religion can be trusted not to talk about a woman wearing a hijab, then she can be exposed in front of her as much as in front of other Muslim women.

The Hanafi school of thought, followed by most Muslims in the world, agrees that the feet are not part of the Awrah and therefore they can be exposed.

There is a general consensus among other schools of thought that anything other than a woman's face and hands is considered awrah.

Husband and wife

There are no restrictions on what a husband and wife can show each other in private. The Qur'an approves that married couples enjoy each other's bodies.

Individual in private

Islam places a high value on modesty, so that men and women are not advised to be completely naked, but to cover the area from the navel to the knees, even when they are alone. The exception is taking a bath or urinating.

Silk ban

The ban on silk clothing applies only to men, as it likens them to a woman. For the same reason, Muslim men are forbidden to wear gold items.

Clothes that drag on the floor or hang low

Narrated from Abdullah bin Umar: The Prophet said that Allah will not look on the Day of Resurrection at the one who dragged his clothes on the floor out of vanity. On this Abu Bakr said: “O Apostle of Allah. One side of my izar hangs too low when I'm not paying attention to it." The Prophet said: "You are not one of those who do this out of vanity." (Sahih Bukhari, Volume 7, Book 72, Number 675)

Some scholars say that this refers to a time when cloth was very expensive. Some had clothes dragging on the floor, which showed their wealth, and this was a symbol of their wealth and pride. As a result of this hadeeth, some Muslim men prefer to wear clothes that are just above the ankles.

Hijab and prayer

Most scholars agree that women should cover everything except their hands and face while praying. It is forbidden to cover your face during prayer.

For men, at least the area from the navel to the knees should be covered.

dressing up

It is forbidden for men to dress and behave like a woman, and vice versa, this is stated in the following hadith:

It is narrated from the words of Ibn Abbas: The Prophet of Allah cursed those men who imitate (behave like) women, and those women who imitate men. (Sahih Bukhari, Volume 7, Book 72, Number 773)

Men who cover their faces with a veil

While the issue of Muslim women and the veil is getting a lot of publicity, it is very often forgotten that there is also a tradition among men to cover their faces.

“There is enough evidence that the Prophet himself covered his face…when warriors were on horseback and camels, they covered their faces…so we miss the point by focusing too much on women, and thus we most likely misunderstand the meaning of wearing a veil for women” Fadwa El Guindi, famous professor of anthropology at Qatar University.

Oddly enough, in the modern world, where men and women have equal rights, there are prohibitions. First of all, this concerns the Islamic religion, where, according to the Koran, every girl is obliged to cover herself with traditional clothes.

To the question: "What is a hijab?" - many will answer that this is a scarf or cloth covering the head of a Muslim woman. Agree, this is too simple an explanation of the term for a religion such as Islam. After all, many people know that a piece of clothing sacred to Muslims must comply with Shariah norms, which means that it should not attract attention, should not be transparent and tight.

Woman in hijab: headlong into religion

If in Islam it is any clothing that completely covers the female body from head to toe, then for a Westerner it is a scarf with which Muslim women cover their heads and necks. The Koran says that the hijab is a garment that fully complies with all Sharia norms, that is, it is long, not defiant, and does not fit the female body.

What is hijab in terms of spirituality? There is a definite answer to this. As one Muslim woman said: "A woman in a hijab is comparable to a vessel with a lid. If it is not there, then everyone knows what is inside."

Hijab is not a style of a woman, but a position in life, and to come to the decision to wear it is a very bold step, especially being in a non-Muslim country. But for the Islamic religion, being a woman does not mean wearing long clothes and covering your head. First you need to put on the "inner hijab" (cover your soul), and the need to wear the "outer" will come with time.

Hijab as art

Despite numerous Sharia prohibitions regarding the correct wearing of the hijab, the city dwellers of the Persian Gulf have turned the traditional Muslim attire into a real art. They prefer an abundance of shades and decorations in an evening or home look, and at the exit - a plain hijab or abaya.

Ever since the Persian Gulf states experienced lightning-fast economic growth, the most famous fashion houses have begun to work on the look of traditional Muslim clothing, turning the wearing of a hijab into a real work of art.

Now the clothes have a more complex style, a variety of inserts and embroideries, scarves are trimmed with rhinestones and stones, including precious ones. Unfortunately, foreign designers and fashion designers cannot yet get used to the fact that the hijab should completely cover the body, so the models show hair on the shows, and their hands are decorated with henna patterns and jewelry.

This Western vision of traditional Muslim attire appealed to young fashionistas, and many of them began to abandon Islamic prohibitions in favor of the style proposed by fashion designers.

Perfume, makeup and hijab

Many will agree that the interest of the Russian people in the East increased during the show of the series "Clone". Everyone remembers how our mothers, grandmothers, sisters were looking forward to the onset of the evening in order to find themselves in a mysterious oriental luxury for an hour. Most of us admired the beauty of Zhadi: a girl covered from head to toe in traditional Muslim attire. The only thing that was open to the gaze of others was her perfectly made-up eyes. And few people know that girls in a hijab before going out have no right to use cosmetics and perfumes. After all, fragrance and makeup will attract male attention.

The only allowed cosmetic product for eyeliner is antimony, and henna is allowed for hands.

Muslim cosmetics

Islam has a different concept of beauty, and such a concept as a Muslim woman's cosmetics is the best way to explain the subtleties of this religion. For lips, a woman uses only truth and sincerity, for her voice - a mention of the Almighty (prayer), for her eyes - a modest and warm look, for her hands - useful deeds, and for her body she finds patience and chastity. This is what a hijab is in the concept of a true Muslim woman.

Ringing jewelry

Jewelry in combination with a hijab is a separate issue, where permissibility depends on what they are and how much they are. But compared to cosmetics, a compromise can be found here. A woman wearing a hijab should not wear only those types of jewelry that attract attention. For example, it is strictly forbidden to wear jewelry on the ankles, as they will make a sound while walking. What is the point of wearing a hijab if in this way a woman will notify the opposite sex of her presence?

How obligatory is the hijab for children

This question is quite common, but perhaps many mothers of daughters have not yet figured it out completely, as they believe that their child is still not enough to wear a hijab. In fact, it is. According to Sharia law, a child who has not reached the age of majority is not responsible for his actions, that is, his actions are not considered haram. But this does not mean that he should do whatever he wants, and his parents will not pay attention to him.

True Muslims (and not only), despite their age, explain to the child the main provisions of religion: the prohibition of deceit, foul language, theft, envy. They should also tell him about the need to fast and pray.

By allowing a child to commit haram actions from childhood, parents doom him to the fact that upon reaching adulthood, he will consider this to be the norm, and it will not be so easy to retrain him. Explaining to a little Muslim woman what is forbidden and permissible, the family will be sure that a personality with the correct religious concepts is being formed in it.

Muslim parents who take care of their children will instill in their child the culture of clothing according to Sharia. But this is on condition that the mother herself follows all the instructions of the Koran regarding appearance. Having a model in front of him, the child will begin to perceive Muslim clothing not only from a theoretical, but also from a practical point of view.

Children in a hijab evoke a feeling of tenderness and gratitude to their parents for many. Until the age of majority, a girl has the right to wear what she wants, especially since many collections for little Muslim women are being created in the world. Thus, a girl from a young age will begin to get used to long dresses, skirts and scarves. in accordance with Islam, a girl becomes an adult when one of these three signs appears:

Menstruation;

wet dream;

The appearance of hair around the genitals.

How to wear a hijab (photo)

First you need to take a stole or any other fabric and cover your head with it, securing the edges with a pin on the back of the head. The result should be a hat with long ends. Then one end is transferred to the opposite shoulder and secured with a pin, thereby covering the shoulder. Do the same with the second end of the scarf, just fasten it not on the shoulder, but in the temporal region.

Conclusion

Summing up and understanding what a hijab is, we draw conclusions:

1. Every woman must cover her awrah - unprotected places, that is, the whole body, except for the hands and face.

2. The hijab should not be translucent, fit the figure and have bright colors.

3. The covering must take place in the soul and only then go to the body.

4. Before going outside, a girl in a hijab should not use perfumes and cosmetics.

A Muslim woman must understand that covering her body with a hijab is not an infringement of her rights, but a protection of her honor and dignity.

"Hijab" in Arabic means "covering, hiding". In Sharia terminology, "hijab" is a covering of a woman's body, observing certain requirements and conditions for the concept of "hijab".

In order for a body covering to be considered a "hijab", one must comply with the requirements that are in Islam, that is, simply clothing that nominally covers certain parts of the body will not be considered a hijab. Below we will write about the dignity of the hijab, the conditions for it, and about which parts of the body a woman must necessarily cover.

The dignity of the hijab

1) Submission to Allah and His Messenger .

Allah in the Quran said:

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَن يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ وَمَن يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا مُّبِينًا

Meaning: " After the decision of Allah and His Messenger, there is no other choice for the believer and the believer, except for submission (to this decision), and whoever disobeyed Allah and His Messenger, verily, fell into error ... ” (“al-Ahzab”, verse 36). And Allah commands a woman to cover all parts of her body except her face and hands. The Quran says:

وَقُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا

Meaning: " Say (Muhammad) to the believing women: let them dull their eyes and keep their sexual organs (from sins) and do not reveal their beauties, except for what is seen from them "(An-Nur, verse 31).

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

المرأة عورة

« A woman (i.e. her body) is completely awrah (in relation to foreign men) "(at-Tirmiziy).

2) Hijab emphasizes chastity, preserves her honor

A woman's veil protects from lustful looks, and also emphasizes the modesty of a Muslim woman. Allah in the Quran said:

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُل لِّأَزْوَاجِكَ وَبَنَاتِكَ وَنِسَاء الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِن جَلَابِيبِهِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَن يُعْرَفْنَ فَلَا يُؤْذَيْنَ

Meaning: " O Prophet! Tell your wives, your daughters, and the women of believing men to put their veils on themselves. So they will be easier to recognize (distinguish from slaves and harlots) and will not be insulted. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful "(Al-Ahzab, verse 59). That is, so that they, Muslim women, are not harmed by being confused with sinners and harlots.

3) Hijab is purity.

Wearing a hijab cleanses the heart of vile, sinful thoughts, as Allah Almighty said:

وَإِذَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُنَّ مَتَاعًا فَاسْأَلُوهُنَّ مِن وَرَاء حِجَابٍ ذَلِكُمْ أَطْهَرُ لِقُلُوبِكُمْ وَقُلُوبِهِنَّ

Meaning: “... If you ask them (the wives of the Prophet) for any utensils, then ask them through the veil. So it will be cleaner for your hearts and their hearts ... " (“al-Ahzab”, verse 53). Allah Almighty Himself describes the hijab as purity for the hearts.

Another verse says:

فَلَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالْقَوْلِ فَيَطْمَعَ الَّذِي فِي قَلْبِهِ مَرَضٌ

Meaning: “... and do not show tenderness in speeches, so that one whose heart is afflicted with an illness (vile thoughts and weakness of faith) does not desire you ...” (“al-Ahzab”, verse 32). These verses are addressed to the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), respectively, this is an example and an indication of action for all Muslim women.

4) Hijab is a sign of piety .

Allah in the Quran said:

يَا بَنِي آدَمَ قَدْ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ لِبَاسًا يُوَارِي سَوْءَاتِكُمْ وَرِيشًا وَلِبَاسُ التَّقْوَىَ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ

Meaning: " O sons of Adam! We have sent down to you a robe to cover your bodies and as an adornment. However, the garment of piety is better... ” (“al-Araf”, verse 26). A woman wearing a hijab shows submission to Allah, and this is a sign of piety. You can write a lot about the benefits of the hijab, but we will limit ourselves to the above.

Hijab conditions.

The hijab has certain conditions, if they are not met, the cover will not be considered a hijab:

1) The attire should cover the entire body completely (i.e. those parts that must be covered).

2) So that the attire is not attractive, that is, that it is not in itself like an ornament, defiant, catchy and attracting the views of men.

3) In order for the garment to be made of dense material (not transparent), it is considered transparent when the color of the woman's skin is visible through the material.

4) To be wide (not tight-fitting), which does not emphasize the silhouette of the female body.

5) So that there is no pleasant smell of incense from clothes, etc., that is, the smell that the surrounding men feel.

6) So that the attire would not be similar to the attire of the Gentiles.

7) So that there is no goal to achieve fame among people through this attire, that is, not to emerge from the crowd of people, be it color or some kind of patterns, etc.

To date, few of the girls comply with all these points. I would like to draw attention to the seventh point, because it often happens that everything is observed, but the last of the listed conditions is violated, for example, a girl dresses in too bright and colorful colors in places where dark colors are usually worn. Conversely, girls wear black in places where brighter colors are worn, thus she stands out from Muslim society, and sometimes can cause a negative reaction for various reasons and problems of the area.

Avrat of a woman, and what parts of the body need to be covered.

Avrat women- These are parts of the body that, according to Islam, must be covered. And depending on who is next to her (men, women, relatives, etc.), a decision is made regarding the boundaries of the awrah on the body of a woman.

A free woman (not a slave) has four provisions regarding her awrah, respectively, what needs to be covered:

1) In relation to other men - her whole body is awrah, as it is written in "Hashiyat Ia-nat at-Talibin." As for the boundaries of the Avrata of a woman, there are different opinions of scientists. Some of the Shafiites said that her entire body was Avrat, except for her face and hands. For example, Zakariya al-Ansariyy said:

وعورة الحرة في الصلاة وعند الأجنبي ولو خارجها جميع بدنها إلا الوجه والكفين ظهراً وبطناً إلى الكوعين

« Avrat of a woman in prayer and outside of prayer in front of strange men - the whole body, except for the face and hands - the obvious side and the inside up to the wrists "("Asnal-matalib").

But a more weighty word is that in relation to the views of other men, a woman also has a face and hands, i.e. whole body. However, it is not necessary to completely cover the face and hands, and it is forbidden for a strange man to look into the face of a strange woman, regardless of whether there is confusion in this or not. So it is written in the book "Tuhfat al-Muhtaj".

2) In relation to the Mahrams (male blood relatives, - father, brother) or in seclusion, her awrah is what is between the navel and knees (“Hashiyat Ianat at-Talibin”).

3) In relation to non-Christian women, her awrah is the whole body, except for those parts of the body that are revealed when she is doing work (neck, arms to the elbow, ears, etc.).

4) When performing a prayer, her awrah is the whole body, except for her face and hands (“Hashiyat Ianat at-talibin”). If a woman prays in tight-fitting, but not translucent things, then the prayer is not violated, but this is condemned.

Woman's chin

As we mentioned above, a woman is required to cover her entire body, except for her face and hands. That is, everything except the oval of the face, and everything above the wrists, must be covered. The boundaries of the face are: the distance from the ear to the ear in width and from the place where the hair grows, above the forehead, to the lower part of the chin, which means that the bottom of the chin is awrah.

Based on this, the chin itself does not need to be closed, except if the hijab does not hold in a different way. But the place at the bottom of the chin to the neck must be closed, if you do not close this part in prayer, then the prayer will be invalid.

If it became clear about the boundaries of the awra, then the entire awra, including the lower part of the jaw, should be covered from the chin accordingly. About the avrata of a woman is written in all known books of fiqh such as: "Ianat", "Kanzu Ragibin", "Tuhfat al-Muhtaj"

Hijab color

We have mentioned all the conditions of a woman's dress in order for her appearance to be in line with Islam. Among these conditions, the obligation to wear a black hijab is not stipulated. It is not sunnah for a woman to wear black, but it is permissible, as well as for men. The scholars agree that it is permissible for men and women to wear black clothes, because Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said:

خرج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ذات غداة وعليه مرط مرحل من شعر أسود

« The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out and he was wearing a striped cloak of black fur ". (Imam Muslim). The word "mirtun" is a cloak that is made from wool, and sometimes from cotton or silk.

Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) also said:

جعلت للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بردة سوداء فلبسها

« I sewed a black cloak for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and he put it on "(Ahmad, Abu Dawood, Ibn Habban).

As for women, black is also permissible for them, but it is not sunnah. And the argument is the story of Umm Khalid (may Allah be pleased with her):

أتي رسول الله {صلى الله عليه وسلم} بثيابٍ فيها خميصة سوداء

« The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was brought a black shirt, and he asked :

من ترون نكسو هذه الخميصة

« Who do you think we will put on this shirt? » The people fell silent, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

ائتوني بأم خالد فأتيه

« Bring me Ummah Khalid! "They brought me to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and he put a shirt on me with his own hands." (Imam al-Bukhari). This hadith indicates the permissibility of wearing, but not the sunnah (desirability).

The wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the companions dressed in white, red, orange, gray and black. That is, there is no specific color that is Sunnah to wear.

Let a woman dress in a color that will not be conspicuous in the given area and distinguish her from the crowd of Muslims. A principled approach to such moments can only alienate people from themselves and from our religion.

Tunic and trousers

If a woman wears a long, ankle-length dress that is not tight, then there is no problem in which pants in size, color, etc. she will put it on from below, because none of the other men can see it. Moreover, in cold countries, let him wear it.

If she puts on just trousers without a dress over them, etc., then this is forbidden, because this is likening a woman to men. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

لعن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المخنثين من الرجال، والمترجلات من النساء

« The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) cursed effeminate men and masculine women "(Ahmad, at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majh, Abu Dawood).

But if the dress is below the knees or generally only to the knees, then what is the position of this issue in Islam?

If the dress is above the knees, then it is forbidden to wear trousers under this tunic or dress (short), for this likens a woman to a man.

If the dress is below the knees, then it is allowed to wear trousers, provided that the trousers are wide, not emphasizing the silhouette of the legs.

As for wearing trousers under a tunic, the tunic, like the dress, should not be tight-fitting, below the knees, etc. and you can wear wide trousers under such a tunic that do not emphasize the silhouette of the legs. If the tunic is above the knees, then you can not wear trousers under the tunic.

This is based on what is written above about the woman's awrah and the conditions of the hijab, and a similar question was asked to Sheikh Ratib an-Nablusiy, to which he answered in a similar way that you need to wear wide and long clothes on top, and under them trousers.

May Allah help us to see the truth as truth and falsehood as falsehood, and to follow the true path.

Ibn Muhammad

European countries are fighting shamelessly to ban Muslim women from wearing veils. It turns out that being naked and wearing miniskirts, spreading wickedness is good, but keeping one's honor and dignity is bad.

Muslim women outside the Muslim world have a difficult life. Yes, yes, here, for example, in Western countries, they require permission to be photographed for a passport with a covered face. So what? They are banned! They say you have to bare your face in front of a photographer! And this is the most intimate moment. In a Muslim family, if they take a picture, then in extremely rare cases. And only for "internal use".
The same problems exist in the eastern countries that have chosen a secular path of development. In Tatarstan, for example, about one and a half thousand Muslim women live without an identity card at all, because they are not ready to "naked" in front of a photographer.
In the Turkish parliament, deputies are officially forbidden to demonstrate their religious beliefs, so one lady deputy of the Muslim faith had to leave the parliamentary session hall behind a veil. But in democratic Britain, Muslim women serving in the London police were allowed to wear a hijab, while the design of this cover was specially developed by a professional fashion designer to at least slightly adapt the veil to the police uniform.
By the way, if a woman is forced to remove the veil, it will be bad. Forced exposure of a Muslim woman is an unforgivable sin.

Burqa

Paranja - women's outerwear in Muslim countries, in particular Central Asia and the Middle East, which is a robe with long false sleeves and a hairnet covering the face - chachvan.

The term burqa comes from the Persian faradji. Word faradji originally meant men's wide outerwear, usually with long sleeves. In the 16th century, robes faradji worn by both men and women. The heyday of the culture of wearing the burqa among the peoples of Central Asia fell at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century.

If you look at the types of women's clothing in Islam in a simplified way, then they can be divided into two categories: those that cover the face to one degree or another (niqab, veil, veil) and those that open the face (hijab). The original meaning of hiding the female body, and often the face, is to protect the woman, and not to humiliate her. Married women covered themselves from strangers and the evil eye, going out into the streets in cities. In the veil, the woman felt protected.

Every Muslim woman must adhere to certain rules:

1. Clothing should hide the entire body of a woman, with the exception of the hands and face (some scientists allow the possibility of opening the feet as well).
2. Clothing should not be tightly fitting the body (especially the chest, waist and hips).
3. Clothing should not be made of transparent fabrics through which you can see the outlines of the figure and skin color.
4. The clothes of a woman should not be like the clothes of a man.
5. Clothing should not be saturated with perfume, be bright colors, should not have ringing or shiny decorative elements.

However, some make exceptions.

Hijab

This is a scarf, a coverlet. According to the canons of Islam, a Muslim woman can only keep her face and hands open. Today, hijabs are any women's clothing that shows that she is a Muslim, whether it is a headscarf or a burqa, or a long cloak.

Niqab

Niqab is a Muslim women's headdress that covers the face, with a narrow slit for the eyes. The niqab, unlike the hijab, is not obligatory for a Muslim woman, although the niqab is widely used in Muslim countries. In Sudan and Saudi Arabia, you are required to wear both a hijab and a niqab, no matter what religion you are, and breaking the rules can even land you in jail. In Iran, the hijab is obligatory, although the face can in principle be left uncovered. Citizens of the United Arab Emirates also observe all the norms of Islam, but in recent years they have almost become accustomed to the sight of tourists in skimpy outfits. And there are countries where, on the contrary, it is forbidden to wear a hijab, for example, employees of state institutions, schoolgirls and university students. This is exactly the case in modern Turkey, although local supporters of Islamic fashion do not give up and constantly defend their right to wear a hijab.

Veil

A veil is a light women's coverlet in white, blue or black. It is worn when leaving the house and covers the figure of a woman from head to toe. Unlike ordinary veils, the head of the veil consists of a muslin cloth covering the face and a cloth covering the head; this allows you to drape more strongly.

Muslim women often say they feel "protected", "safe", "respected" when they wear the hijab (a religiously obligatory modest outfit that hides body shapes and includes a headscarf or veil). Now there is evidence that their sensations have a scientific explanation.

When psychologist Susan Fiske and a team of researchers at Princeton University conducted magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of straight men who were asked to view a series of photographs of semi-nude and fully clothed men and women, they found that the response of men to women dressed in revealing clothes was quite clear. and unambiguous. The less they were wearing, the stronger the premotor cortex and the posterior part of the middle temporal sulcus were activated in men. These areas of the brain are responsible for the handling of tools, hand movements and the impulse to action (Sicara, Del Amor).

"It's like they immediately thought about what they would like to do with these bodies," Fiske explained during the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Chicago February 12-16. "They react to these photos the way people react to objects," she (Nicholson) says.

Assimilation rate tests on men showed that they remembered best photographs of headless women wearing bikinis, even though they only looked at them for a fraction of a second (Landau).

Fiske and her team also tested the men for hostile sexist attitudes. It turned out that those who were assigned a higher degree of aggression had rather low activity in those areas of the brain that are responsible for thinking about the thoughts and feelings of other people (action comprehension phenomenon), while viewing photos of women in bikinis.

"They don't think about their minds," says Fiske (Sicara, Del Amore, Landau).

Women who emphasize their sexuality are perceived as less "human"

According to Fiske's report to IslamOnline, when a man's system of meaningful reality closes down, it means that he perceives women with strong sexuality as less "human" (Sicara). This type of "dehumanization" is fairly rare in laboratory studies - Fiske says it's only been seen once - a recent National Geographic article talked about a study in which people showed signs of disgust when they saw pictures of homeless people and drug addicts (Del Amore).

In the case of half-dressed women, men do not show the same sense of disgust as in the case of the homeless. On the contrary, they would like to "push", "pick up", "grab" the objects in bathing suits depicted in the photographs (Del-Amore, Landau).

Mina Sikara, a Princeton graduate who did the research, adds that men don't look at their wives or sisters the same way they look at women in skimpy clothes. In addition, men associated images of fully clothed women with third person verbs - "she pushes", "she holds", "she grabs", which, according to Fiske, means that men perceive fully clothed women as more independent and to a much lesser extent, they consider them objects for manipulation (Eshlman, Landau).

More clothes - more respect

According to Fiske, the results of the study lead to important conclusions for women, especially working ones - observation of women with pronounced sexuality can affect how men perceive women and communicate with them afterwards (Landau, Sample).

A study of misogynism by Lawrence University professor Peter Glick found that professional women who wear more revealing clothes in the workplace are perceived as less competent and intelligent, especially when they hold high positions. According to DiversityJobs, Glick's research has shown that "women at high levels of the hierarchy and top managers should dress more modestly and conservatively in order to win the respect of their colleagues."

A number of studies also show a link between viewing pornography and committing acts of violence against women, including sexual violence. During the wars in Bosnia and Iraq, soldiers who committed atrocities and crimes against humanity turned out to be regular users of pornography, even watching it to "relax" after the killings (Chu, Rijali).

Fiske compared the results of the study with those of other scientists who showed that television viewing can reduce a person's emotional sensitivity to violence.

Dignity and confidence

Despite clear evidence of the benefits of a modest and conservative style of dress, media portrayals of the hijab often depict Muslim women as oppressed and downtrodden. Karen Danielson, however, is convinced that wearing a hijab gives a woman confidence and dignity.

Danielson, an American living in Jordan, first wore the hijab over two decades ago, shortly after converting to Islam in 1983. for men," she explains to IslamOnline. "I evaluate myself based on virtuous behavior and intelligence - which my hijab contributes to - and I look modest in unassuming clothes."

"I feel like I can be myself, a unique individual with my own voice to express myself," Sumaya Finnigan adds.

Balkis Muhammad, an American who converted to Islam in 1979, holds similar views. According to her, the hijab "promotes modesty for women and for all those around them." Muhammad, who lives in Saudi Arabia, not only covers her body, but also her face, and says her style of dress "encourages others, especially men, not to be too liberated and not start unnecessary conversations."

Hijab and security

"I definitely feel safer wearing the hijab and dressing modestly in general," said Kari Aboudei, another American who lives in Jordan and has been practicing Islam since she was 12, in an interview with IslamOnline.

"I feel like this is my barrier to men, their views and disrespect for me and my boundaries. It is a barrier that prevents or changes the first instinctive evaluative glance that men throw, a barrier to prevent sexual sensations that you do not are needed from men, or the thoughts in their heads that come from provocative clothing."

She continues by saying, "It's a defense against men who hit on you in an inappropriate manner, helping to influence their decision to stand next to you, talk to you, stare at you, or even touch you."

Finnigan, a London native, contrasts the wearing of the hijab, which she describes as "an act of obedience to the Creator that keeps a woman more secure, both literally and spiritually," with a sense of vulnerability she felt before converting to Islam and the hijab in 1999.

"There was a time when I regretted not wearing more revealing clothes so I could just get home without worrying about who might be following me," says Finnigan. “Every night I would leave the house and come back looking over my shoulder, afraid that I would be attacked or raped,” she says.

"There will always be those who can attack a woman, regardless of their behavior or manner of dressing," Muhammad admits. But she believes the Muslim hijab is "an extra help in preventing unnecessary physical contact."

"One of the main purposes of the hijab is to protect women from the eyes of people with a weak moral core, and those who like to indulge in excessive verbal compliments," said Sheikh Riyad al-Musaymiri, a professor at Al-Imam University in Riyadh.

According to IslamToday, some Western observers believe women's head coverings signify their recognition of their lower social status. "It is impossible to make a bigger mistake. The Qur'an says unequivocally that the reason for this style of dress is the desire for respect from others. The message of a woman in a hijab is something like this: "Respect me for who I am. I am not a sexual object," the newspaper notes.

For Muhammad, the choice of the hijab was obvious. "For me, the issue of safety was not. I never thought about it from this side," - she explains.

"It was a matter of following the decrees of Allah. I could not be happy or contented by becoming only half Muslim. Either I become a Muslim and follow the orders and decrees in the best way, or I remain the same," she says.

“My clothes help me remind myself of my behavior and my religion, and tell the same to others,” adds Danielson. “And this security is of the highest level; it is peace of mind and a protected heart. Glory to Allah Almighty! "

Muslims believe that wearing a hijab by women is not a requirement of culture, but a rule established by religion - one of God's commandments. Someone believes that modern Muslim women cover their heads and sometimes even their faces, leaving only their eyes open, just to cover those parts of the body that may be seductive.

Why do Muslim women wear hijab? This question is answered by the women themselves, who are representatives of this religion. It is worth noting that their answers are surprising, because sometimes they do not correspond to the ideas formed by Christians.

Husna Mohammed, 35

Husna admits that wearing a hijab is just a characteristic feature of the culture that has been instilled in her since childhood. This Muslim woman prefers to wear a full hijab, despite the fact that religion allows the possibility of revealing her face. Husna believes that the hijab is really capable of bringing a woman closer to God, but only if she observes all other religious features, otherwise the scarf becomes a simple element of the wardrobe.

Husna believes that modesty is a concept that is typical not only for Muslim women, but also for the fair sex of other religions and cultures.

Amina Kshatenye, 23 years old

Amina was born into a special and rather complex family in which her mother is a Muslim and her father is a Christian. The girl admits that she only started wearing the hijab at the age of 13, before moving on to high school. It is worth noting that immediately after this, the girl faced great difficulty - she was assigned to a Christian school, before stepping over the threshold of which she had to take off her hijab.

Amina believes that all Muslim women wear a hijab only to hide the beauty of their appearance from prying eyes, since it is intended only for herself, her husband and family members - this is exactly what the Koran dictates, in the content of which this girl firmly believes .

Amina believes that wearing the hijab is especially important for a woman during Ramadan, as it is a holy month. During this period, all Muslims should especially honor traditions, observe religious rules, and dress in such a way as to be ready for prayer at any time.

Adi Geri, 19 years old

How do younger representatives of the Muslim world feel about wearing a hijab? 19-year-old Adi Geri believes that this element of clothing should be worn only sometimes, when the soul really requires it. In all other respects, the girl strictly follows all the traditions of her religion and knows all the teachings.

The girl admits that at school it was especially difficult for her to communicate with her peers, since everyone was surprised that she did not wear a traditional headdress. Moreover, some even accused Adi that if she walks without a hijab, then she cannot be considered a Muslim. The girl admits that some of her acquaintances still doubt that she is a Muslim.

Adi admits that during Ramadan she wears a headdress all the time. She also notes that when she has a daughter, she will teach her to wear a hijab from an early age.

Bahira Dilnaz, 28 years old

Bahira believes that in the developed modern world, wearing a hijab is something that has long outlived its usefulness. The girl prefers to wear everyday things that are familiar to any European, but she always covers her head with a scarf or any other headdress that hides her hair well. All the things she chooses are distinguished by their modesty cut.

Bahira admits that among her friends there are a lot of like-minded people, but there are also women who still prefer to wear the traditional hijab. However, upon arriving at the Women's Day, these ladies can safely take off their traditional robes and show off the beauty of the decoration that lies underneath. As a rule, these are very expensive things created by eminent designers.

Bahira strictly adheres to all Muslim traditions, and also admits that during Ramadan, like all other women of this religion, she wears a hijab, which demonstrates her readiness to start reading a prayer at any moment.

The girl notes that, despite stereotypes, she, like most Muslim women, has a higher education. In addition, she has every opportunity to build a successful career.