Arkona city where is located. Arkona - the holy city of the Slavs

« Past Buyan Island, which Pushkin vividly described in his Tale of Tsar Saltan, sailed not only the notorious barrel with the hero of the work of Alexander Sergeevich, but also an armada of Danish kings who wanted to conquer the lands of the free Baltic Slavs.

It is this connection between Fr. Buyan and about. Ruyan was conducted by the historian Vilinbakhov, proving the identity of the names of the legendary island.

Ruyan with the capital Arkona was one of the last pagan fortresses of the ancient and autochthonous Slavic civilization, its western wing - the lands of the Polabian-Obodrite Slavs.

In modern Germany, many Slavic sanctuaries have been reconstructed, and this is not surprising, because all of its territory beyond the Oder (the famous name of the Odra) and the Elbe (respectively, Laba) until the Middle Ages was inhabited by numerous Slavic tribes known as the Lutiches, Wilts, Bodrichs, Pomorians, Serbs-Sorbs and many others. The Germans and other Germanic and Romanesque peoples called the Baltic Slavs Wends. Often the Wends-Vendi are mentioned as the progenitors of the Slavs.

Over time, almost all of these tribes were assimilated by the most powerful German-Catholic onslaught to the east - German. Drang nach Osten. But until now, in Germany, the Slavs-Sorbs have retained their identity. (Their number is about 250,000 people.) .

This relic ethnos remained to us in memory of the former Slavic hegemony in that region and the stubborn, long-term resistance of the Polabian Slavs to German colonization. Assimilation was bloody in nature, there was a powerful outflow of the Slavic population of these lands to neighboring fraternal countries - Poland and the Czech Republic. But a particularly fierce struggle took place in the very north of the lands of the Polabian Slavs - on the island of Ruyan (modern German Rügen) near Cape Arkona.

On Cape Arkona there was the cult center of the same name of the Slavs of the Baltic space. It was dedicated to the Slavic deity Sventovit. This god was responsible for fertility and was central in the pantheon of deities of the inhabitants of Ruyan.

Danish chronograph of the 14th century. Saxo Grammatik in his work "The Acts of the Danes" gave a detailed description of the Arkona and the temple with the priest Svyatovit (Sventovita).

The idol of Svyatovit had four faces facing the cardinal points, and held a horn of wine in his hand. According to the level of wine in it, the clergyman determined the degree of yield for the coming year.

"Svetovid", ill. from the "Mythology of the Slavic and Russian" A. S. Kaisarova, 1804

The central holiday in the solar pagan cycle was the day of the autumn equinox - it was in September that the Slavic New Year began and festivities with feasts and round dances were organized right in the sanctuary of Sventovita. The Ruyans were preparing a large honey cake as tall as a man. The priest stood behind him and asked the audience: “Can you see me?” If it was visible, then he wished that next year the cake completely eclipsed him.

On the territory of Arkona there was a warehouse of all the wealth obtained by peaceful and military means. The Ruyans gave the priest of Sventovit about a third of the funds obtained. In his barns and bins were jewelry and clothes, a lot of fabrics and other valuables. There were about 300 horses in the stable at the temple. One can even say that the priest was the central figure in the state of the recalcitrant island. It was he who planned the routes and tactics of military campaigns, including using the widely used fortune-telling practice.

The axon Grammaticus described a ritual involving a white horse stepping over a symbolic gate made of three mines. If the horse stepped with his right foot, then the campaign will be successful, if with his left, then it is worth reconsidering the direction of movement of the troops. This horse was an inviolable figure; only the priest himself could take care of him, and pulling out even a hair from his mane was considered a grave offense.


Ilya Glazunov. Rügen Island. Priest

The Ruyans were engaged not only in agriculture and cattle breeding, but were truly conquerors of the sea. They controlled the vast territory of the Baltic Sea, waging constant wars with the Vikings. Some Danish provinces even paid tribute to the Slavs of Ruyan.

Perhaps the expansionist policy of the Baltic Slavs was partly due to their response to the well-known German ideological paradigm "drang nach Osten". After all, attempts to colonize the lands of the Ruyans and convert them to Christianity took place almost throughout the Slavic-German contacts, starting from the Frankish times.

There is an opinion that the Kyiv prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich "Red Sun" erected a pagan pantheon in Kyiv, on Podil, in 980 out of solidarity with the rebellious Slavic relatives of Arkona.

Being surrounded by aggressive neighbors, Arkona resisted for a long time, until in 1168 it was destroyed by the army of the Danish king Valdemar I, who defeated the Ruyansk prince Jaromir.


Bishop Absalon destroying the idol of the god Svyatovit in Arkona in 1168

The stones of the Arkona sanctuary were used to build a Catholic church in Altenkirchen in 1185. The stone with the image of the priest Sventovit is still kept there.


"Svantevit Stone" in Altenkirchen Church on the island of Rügen

The greatest figure of the Reformation, Philipp Melanchthon, wrote that after the fall of Arkona and its complete plunder by the Catholic colonizers, the majority of the Ruyan Slavs migrated to the east - to where the coast of the Gulf of Riga is now. He also etymologically connected the names of Riga and Ruyan. It is quite possible that the Ruyans found refuge with their kindred pagan Balts, the ancestors of modern Latvians. After all, it is known that the Baltic and Slavic tribes are the closest genetically, culturally and linguistically in comparison with other Indo-European peoples.

The anti-Normanist doctrine of Lomonosov is also associated with Arkona, in which the great Russian scientist postulated a version about the Ruyansk Slavic roots of Rurik and his entourage. Mikhail Vasilyevich believed that the Varangians, called up in 862 by the Novgorodians, came from Ruyan, or other lands of the Baltic Slavs, and had nothing to do with the Germans.

Slavic legends about the legendary elder Gostomysl (the ruler of Novgorod) tell of the calling of his grandchildren, led by Rurik. The daughter of the gray-haired leader, Umila, was married to one of the princes of the Baltic Slavs, and Rurik, thus, was a representative of the Obodrite and Novgorod Slovenian families, based on this legendary version. And this is quite plausible, since archaeologists have established the continuity of archaeological artifacts, types of buildings of the Slavs of Novgorod and the southern Baltic coast.

In addition to archaeologists, the idea of ​​a single cultural space was expressed by an outstanding representative of Russian linguistics, academician Zaliznyak, who in his works outlined a single Novgorod-West Slavic language continuum.

The Slavic citadel of the Baltic - Arkona - reminds us of the great era of the domination of the developed spiritual culture of our ancestors.


Chalk cliffs of Cape Arkona on the island of Rugen (Ruyan), where the main sanctuary of the Baltic Slavs was located.

Arkona today

Cape Arkona (German: Kap Arkona) is one of the most popular tourist sites in Rügen. Every year, about 1 million people come to admire the location of the ancient sanctuary of Ruyan.

The place is very beautiful and picturesque. The high coast (45 m) of chalk and marl is located on the Witt peninsula in the north of the island of Rügen (next to the village of Witt fishermen).

The main attractions of Arkona are two lighthouses, two military bunkers, a Slavic fortress and several tourist buildings (restaurants, souvenir shops). On the western side of the cape there is an annular shaft, in which the temple of the Vendian god Svyatovit was placed. Also near the ancient Jaromarsburg castle, you can take a picture against the background of a modern wooden carved statue depicting the four-faced Slavic deity Svetovid.

ARKONA is the northern cape of Rügen Island. The name is ancient Slavic from the word "urkan", which means "at the end".
Here was one of the last known pagan pantheons of the gods of the Slavs.
In 1168, the Danish king Voldemar I, together with Bishop Absalon, burned it down.
ARKONA - THE SACRED CITY OF THE SLAVES

The West Slavic Baltic tribes (Vends), settled between the Elbe (Laba), Oder (Odra) and Vistula, reached a high development by the 9th-10th centuries AD, having built the sacred city of temples Arkona on the island of Rane (Rügen), which performed for all the Baltic Slavs the role of Slavic Mecca and the Delphic Oracle. The Slavic tribe of the Rans formed a priestly caste in its midst (like the Indian Brahmins or the Babylonian Chaldeans) and not a single serious military-political issue was resolved by other Slavic tribes without advice from the wounds.

Rans (ruans) owned the runic writing of the Vendian tradition, the graphics of which differed markedly from the known older and younger runes (probably the term rana itself came from the Slavic wound, that is, cut runes on wooden planks).

B. Olshansky. Temple of Svyatovit in Arkona.

The construction of the city of temples and the rise of the pagan culture of the Vendian ethnos was a retaliatory measure of the Slavic priestly elite for the ideological rallying of the Baltic Slavs against the intensified expansion of first the Frankish, and then the German and Danish aggressors, who, under the banner of Christianization, carried out a systematic genocide of the Slavic population and its expulsion from the occupied territories. By the XIII-XIV centuries, under the intense onslaught of the Danish and German crusaders, the Slavic principalities of Ranskoe, Mecklenburg, Brandenburg and others fell, and the Baltic Slavic Vendian ethnos ceased to exist.

Let us cite the information of Western chroniclers (Adam of Bremen, Otto of Bamberg, Titmar of Merseburg) about the paganism of the Baltic Slavs.


Cape Arkon


The cape on which Arkona stood

Arkona was built on the high rocky coast of the island of Rügen and was impregnable from the Baltic Sea. There were many temples of all tribal Slavic gods in the city.


Alphonse Mucha, Feast of Sventovit.1912

The main god of Arkona was Svyatovit, whose idol was installed in a special temple. The idol was huge, taller than a human, with four heads on four separate necks with cropped hair and shaved beards. Four heads, apparently, symbolized the power of God over the four cardinal points (like the four winds) and the four seasons of time, that is, the cosmic god of space-time (similar to the Roman Janus). In his right hand, the idol held a horn lined with different metals and annually filled with wine, the left hand was curved and rested on the side. The horn symbolized the power of God over productivity and fertility, that is, as the god of life and plant power.


Svantevit-statue made by Marius Grusas at the cape Arkona on the island Rügen

Near the idol were a bridle, a saddle and a huge combat sword and shield (symbols of the god of war).

In the temple stood the sacred banner of Svyatovit, called the village. This village of the wound was honored as Svyatovit himself and, carrying it in front of him on a campaign or battle, considered himself under the cover of his god (the battle banner can also be attributed as a symbol of the god of war).

After the harvesting of bread, many people flocked to Arkona and brought a lot of wine for sacrifices and a feast. Apparently this happened in September, in Slavic - Ryuen, hence the second name of the island - Ruyan. Ruyan Island is mentioned in many Russian fairy tales, in which, due to the peculiarities of children's pronunciation, its name turned into "Buyan Island".

On the eve of the holiday, the priest of Svyatovit, with a broom in his hands, entered the inner sanctuary and, holding his breath so as not to desecrate the deity, swept the floor clean. The broom and the balayage symbolically signify the end of the time cycle, in this case, the annual one, because the next day fortune-telling is carried out on the pie, similar to the East Slavic Christmas carol. This means that the Rana priests used the September style of reckoning (the year began with the autumnal equinox).

The next day, in the presence of all the people, the priest took out a horn with wine from the hands of the idol of Svyatovit and, carefully examining it, predicted: to be or not to be harvested for the next year. Having poured out the old wine at the feet of the idol, the priest filled the horn with new wine and drained it with one spirit, asking for all kinds of blessings for himself and the people. Then he again filled the horn with new wine and put it into the hand of the image. After that, they brought to the idol a pie made of sweet dough taller than human height. The priest hid behind the pie and asked the people if they could see it. When they answered that only the cake was visible, the priest asked God that they could make the same cake the next year. In conclusion, in the name of Svyatovit, the priest blessed the people, ordered them to continue to honor the Arkon god, promising an abundance of fruits, victory at sea and on land as a reward. Then everyone drank and ate to satiety, for abstinence was taken as an insult to the deity.

Arkona was also visited for divination. At the temple, the sacred horse Svyatovit was kept, white in color with a long, never trimmed mane and tail.


"Svetovid", ill. from the "Mythology of the Slavic and Russian" A. S. Kaisarova, 1804

Only the priest of Svyatovit could feed and mount this horse, on which, according to the belief of the wounds, Svyatovit himself fought against his enemies. By means of this horse, they were guessing before the start of the war. The servants stuck in front of the temple three pairs of spears at a certain distance from each other, a third spear was tied across each pair. The priest, uttering a solemn prayer, led the horse by the bridle from the vestibule of the temple and led it to the crossed spears. If a horse stepped through all the spears first with his right foot, and then with his left, this was considered a happy omen. If the horse stepped first with his left foot, then the campaign was canceled. Three pairs of spears possibly symbolically reflected the will of the gods of heaven, earth and underworld (3 kingdoms according to Russian fairy tales) during divination.


Rügen Island. Priest and sacred horse Svyatovit. Ilya Glazunov. 1986

Thus, the main symbol-oracle of the Arkon cult was the heroic battle horse of Svyatovit of white suit - "yar horse", from where the name of the sacred city "Arkona" may have come from, that is, the ardent horse or the city of the Yariy horse.

In addition to the functions of an oracle-soothsayer, Svyatovit's horse also served as a biological indicator of the state of the phase of vitality at a given moment in time. If the horse was lathered, with tangled and disheveled hair, then the phase of vitality was considered negative (depressive) and the planned trip was canceled. If the horse was in excellent physical condition (passionate), then the planned campaign was blessed.

Unfortunately, the literary sources do not give an unambiguous answer according to the method of this divination: according to one, the horse is in the temple all night before divination, according to others, the priest (or Svyatovit himself) rides on it all night.

The Arkon temple became the main sanctuary of the Slavic Pomerania, the center of Slavic paganism. According to the general belief of the Baltic Slavs, the Arkon god gave the most famous victories, the most accurate prophecies. Therefore, for sacrifices and for divination, Slavs flocked here from all sides of Pomorie. From everywhere gifts were delivered to him according to vows, not only of individuals, but also of entire tribes. Each tribe sent him an annual tribute for sacrifices.

The temple had vast estates that gave it income; duties were collected in its favor from merchants who traded in Arkona, from industrialists who caught herring off the island of Rügen. He was brought a third of the spoils of war, all the jewels, gold, silver and pearls obtained in the war. Therefore, chests filled with jewels stood in the temple.

At the temple there was a permanent squad of 300 knights on white war horses, equipped with heavy knightly weapons. This squad participated in campaigns, confiscating a third of the booty in favor of the temple.

The phenomenon of the Arkon temple is reminiscent of the Delphic oracle among the Greeks. The analogy goes further: just as foreigners sent gifts to Delphi and turned for predictions, so the rulers of neighboring peoples sent gifts to the Arkon temple. For example, the Danish king Sven donated a golden bowl to the temple.


Jozef Ryszkiewicz.Historical painting.1890

The reverence that the tribes of the Baltic Slavs had for the Arkon shrine was involuntarily transferred to the wounds that were so close to this shrine.

Adam of Bremensky wrote that the Baltic Slavs had a law: in common affairs, do not decide anything and do nothing contrary to the opinion of the Rana people, they were so afraid of wounds for their connection with the gods.

Sanctuaries similar to those of Arkon also existed in Shchetin, where the idol of Triglav stood, in Volegoshcha, where the idol of Yarovit stood, and in other cities. The sanctuary of Triglav was located on the highest of the three hills on which the city of Szczetin was located. The walls of the sanctuary inside and outside were covered with colored carvings depicting people and animals. The three-headed statue of the god was covered with gold. The priests claimed that the three heads are a symbol of God's power over the three kingdoms - heaven, earth and hell. In the temple were stored weapons obtained in wars, and a tenth of the booty prescribed by law, taken in battles at sea and on land. Gold and silver cups were also kept there, which were taken out only on holidays, from which grandees and noble people drank and guessed, horns, gilded and decorated with expensive stones, swords, knives and various religious objects.


Bishop Absalon topples the god Svantevit at Arkona

1169 year. Militant Christians led by Bishop Absalon destroy the statue of the god Svyatovit in Arkona.
After the adoption of Christianity in Russia, it was also customary to destroy all the former monuments.
These destructions continue in today's Russia.

Slavic mythology.
Gods




















































































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Arkona - online map with a satellite view: streets, houses, districts and other objects.

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In ancient times, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, on the territory of modern Germany, the Slavs lived - the Ruyans or Rugs. There are many names that point to this. Rostock, Lübeck, Schwerin (Zverin) Leipzig (Lipsk) and even the name Berlin - came from the name of the berlyug, or in a modern lair. And the words “On the Okiyane Sea, on the island of Buyan lies the white-combustible stone Alatyr ...” Alatyr is amber.

Basically, the inhabitants of the island were engaged in land and sea trade, but they did not shun piracy, robbery and the collection of tribute from the surrounding peoples. The island interested modern archaeologists in finding the temple of Svyatovid on the island. From the description of Saxo Grammar: “The city of Arkona lies on the top of a high mountain. From the north, east and south it is surrounded by natural protection ... "

Arkona is a temple city of the Russian state on the island of Ruyan in the Varangian Sea, now the German island of Rugen in the Baltic Sea. In ancient Russian legends, this is the island of Buyan in the sea-okiya, where the Stone-Alatyr lies white-flammable, the ancient Pradub is unreachable and mighty, it pierces the seven heavens and props up the center of the universe. Arkona - Yarkon - ardent - a fiery white horse - a symbol of the grace of the God of light Svetovit. The white horse is a symbol of the heritage of the Russians, the traditions of their ancestors, the legendary Aryans. In the most important battles, the white horse stood on the prince's boat.

Arkona - a settlement-sanctuary of the IX-XII centuries, located on a cape 40 m high, facing the east. It is washed by the sea on three sides and is largely destroyed. The modern dimensions are 90 m from east to west and up to 160 m from north to south, the estimated former dimensions are 2-3 times larger. Excavations were carried out in 1921, 1930 and 1969-1971. when trenches 1 m wide were laid through the site and the rampart. Three construction periods were identified in the rampart, layers of baked clay, coal, and stones were found. On the inner side of the rampart there is a flat ditch and on the outer side there is a deeper ditch also with a flat bottom. The tip of the cape is separated by an internal rampart 5-6 m wide and a flat moat 10 m wide, built in the 9th century. No buildings were found on the site between the ramparts. Partially excavated depressions in the mainland (up to 60 cm deep), having a length of 4.1 and 6.2 m and containing numerous things. Stonework was found in one of the trenches and 8-11 male skulls, partially damaged, animal bones, things, fragments of dishes of the 10th-12th centuries were found in a depression under it. In another trench, in a recess, were the remains of a casket with numerous things. At the northern slope of the settlement there is a water source and a path has been laid to it. In the vicinity of the settlement there are 14 settlements and a large burial mound.

The sanctuary was located on the top of the cape, the main square was protected from the sea by steep cliffs, and from the side of the island by a double semicircle of a system of ditches and ramparts (generally characteristic of Slavic sanctuaries), and on the central square there was a wooden temple surrounded by a palisade with a large gate into the courtyard. Inside the sanctuary stood the idol of Svyatovit. According to the chronicler of the XII century Saxo Grammar, this idol was taller than a man with one camp and four heads on the cardinal points, sitting on four necks separated from each other.

In his right hand, Svyatovid held a horn filled annually with wine, and his left hand rested on his side. The clothes went down to the knees. Near the idol lay a huge sword, with a scabbard and hilt trimmed with silver and exquisitely carved. As well as a saddle, a bridle and many other items, and the temple itself was decorated with the horns of various animals. Judging by the annals of Saxo Grammatik, there were three more sanctuaries on the island dedicated to the gods Ruevit, Porevit and Porenut. And Arkona was surrounded by several more villages.

These names were given by the Wends - the Slavic inhabitants of the Baltic coast. Svyatovit (Svantevit) - God-warrior, for him they kept a white horse with a long mane and tail, which was never sheared. Only the high priest of God Svyatovit had the right to enter inside the temple, and the sanctuary itself was guarded by three hundred selected warriors. Remains of cult objects were found at the sanctuary, primarily various weapons, which testifies to the militancy of the cult, and sacrificial animals - mostly young individuals sacrificed during the harvest festivals held in autumn. The veneration of Svyatovid took place on the autumn equinox not by chance.

An island in the sea lies
The city stands on the island
With golden-domed churches,
With towers and gardens.…
Everyone in that island is rich
There is no pic, there are wards everywhere.

The section is very easy to use. In the proposed field, just enter the desired word, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, derivational dictionaries. Here you can also get acquainted with examples of the use of the word you entered.

The meaning of the word arkona

arkona in the crossword dictionary

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

arcona

ARKONA (Arkona) the city and religious center of the Baltic Slavs of the 10th-12th centuries. on about. Rügen (Germany). Destroyed by the Danes in 1169. Remains of the sanctuary of Svyatovit, public and residential buildings.

Arkona

(Arkona), a city of the Baltic Slavs in the 10th-12th centuries. on about. Rügen (Slav. Ruyana) in the southern part of the Baltic Sea, as part of the GDR. From the west, the city is surrounded by a rampart. in 10-13 m. A. was a religious center that united a number of Slavic tribes. The island was ruled by the high priest of the god Svyatovit. The temple of this god in A. was described by the Danish medieval author Saxo Grammatik. His data were confirmed in the 1920s. excavations by the German archaeologist K. Schuchhardt and others. Near the temple, a square for public gatherings was unearthed, and dwellings in the western part. In 1169 the Danish king Valdemar I destroyed the city and the temple. The statue of Svyatovit was burned, and the temple treasures were taken to Denmark.

Lit .: Schuchhardt S., Arkona Rethra / Vineta, V., 1926; Lyubavsky M.K., History of the Western Slavs, 2nd ed., M., 1918.

Wikipedia

Arkona (group)

Arkona- Russian pagan/folk metal band.

The group combines both screaming with growling and regular female vocals in their compositions. The main poet and composer is Masha "Scream" Arkhipova.

Arkona (Cape)

Cape Arkona- a high coast (45 m) of chalk and marl on the Wittow Peninsula in the north of the island of Rügen, the location of the ancient sanctuary of the Polabian Slavs - Ruyan.

natural monument Cape Arkona next to the fishermen's village, Witt belongs to the municipality of Putgarten and is one of the most popular tourist sites in Rügen (about 800,000 visitors annually).

There are two lighthouses, two military bunkers, a Slavic fortress and several tourist buildings near the cape. On the western side of the cape there is an annular shaft, in which the temple of the Vendian god Svyatovit was placed. The Danish king Valdemar I the Great took this fortified point on June 15, 1168, burned the temple along with the idol and took the treasures of the temple to Denmark. In 1827 a lighthouse was built over the rampart.

The smaller of the two lighthouses was built in 1826-1827 according to the design of Schinkel. Commissioned in 1828. Its height is 19.3 m. The height of the fire in it is 60 m above sea level.

Cape Arkona is often incorrectly referred to as the northernmost point of the island of Rügen. Approximately 1 km northwest is a place called Gellort, which is the northernmost point.

Built in 1927, the Cap Arkona steamer was named after the cape.

Arkona

Arkona:

  • Arkona is the city and religious center of the Ruyans.
  • Arkona is a Russian metal band.
  • Arkona is a cape on the coast of Germany.
  • Cap Arkona - steamboat.
  • Arkona (1902-1945) - a ship of the German Navy.

Examples of the use of the word arkona in the literature.

I battened down the sunroof, sat down in a chair and thought about the hints for several minutes. arcona about my loneliness.

Geoffrey with attention, but at times the meaning of speeches arcona as if eluding me, replaced by an intuitive feeling of emptiness opening up under my feet.

Buying certain things is the most ordinary thing in the world, but on arcona when he found out what I wanted, it was worth a look!

He dreams of power and might, and fasting arcona dear to him as long as it brings power and authority.

Of course, she was no longer the stubborn, intractable, bitter creature that I bought from arcona Geoffrey.

How I now needed something refreshing - in sermons arcona Geoffrey or in a bucket of cold water!

Almis reluctantly began picking an incomprehensible brew in the plate - there is no Arkona, no one knows how to make a stew from a sysop.

At present you are, in a sense, really the king's heir. Arkona, however, we cannot agree that the author of these lines had in mind exactly you.

Even if your sword is the same blade Arkona, - and we have no evidence of this, although to some extent I can admit this, - and you are exactly the person to whom it was intended, there may well be other interpretations of all this.

According to rumors, their leader Arkona beer alcoholism - Ariss knew for sure that he would not enter the arena without a bottle of dark Gorgan.

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